THIS WONDER OF A PARK IS IN MONTERREY BAY. THIS AREA CONTAINS HEADLANDS COVES AND ROLLING MEADOWS. THE OFFSHORE AREA FORMS ONE OF THE RICHEST UNDERWATER HABITATS IN THE WORLD. ANY GIVEN DAY VISITORS CAN SEE SEA LIONS, SEALS, SEA OTTERS, GRAY WHALES PERHAPS, AND MANY SEABIRDS. THIS AREA USED TO BE A TURN OF THE CENTURY WHALING AND ABALONE INDUSTRY.
THEIR IS A CABIN BUILT BY CHINESE FISHERMEN FROM THE 1800'S ERA FOR WHALING AND ABALONE INDUSTRY. A SMALL CABIN FROM CHINESE FISHERMEN STILL REMAINS AT WHALERS COVE.
THIS NATURAL RESERVE WHICH IS HOME TO 259 DIFFERENT ANIMALS, MARINE MAMMALS AND BIRD SPECIES, AND OVER 350 PLANT SPECIES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AT THE RESERVE. DEER ARE COMMON HERE. NEXT TO THE SPECTACULAR SCENIC BEAUTY OF THE POINT THE ROCKY LAVA CLIFFS SEEM TO TAKE ONE INTO A DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT OF TRANQUIL SIMPLICITY.
WE HAVE TAKEN THE 17 MILE SCENIC VIEW AND HAVE FOUND TRAVELERS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD LOOKING AT THESE BEAUTIFUL VIEWS. THIS IS ONE OF MY FAVORITE SPOTS. MY FAMILY HAS SPENT SOME PRECIOUS MOMENTS AT THIS PARK HIKING AND PHOTOGRAPHING THE WAVES. I FIND IT MOST INTERESTING TO VIEW THE DEEP CHANNELS THAT THE RUGGED OCEAN MAKES. IT HAS SUCH CLEAN AIR AND IS AN ARTIST'S DREAMLAND. IT IS VERY INSPIRATIONAL TO PROFESSIONAL PHOTOGRAPGHERS, PAINTERS, AND POETS, THEY HAVE NAMED AN OSPREY WHO IS COMMON TO THE PRESERVE.
CA.PARKS.GOV
Thursday, December 30, 2010
PETALUMA ADOBE STATE PARK
THIS HISTORIC PARK IS A FAVORITE FOR SCHOOL GROUPS LEARNING ABOUT THE HISTORY OF OUR STATE. PETALUMA ADOBE WAS BUILT BY PEOPLE WHO WORKED FOR GENERAL VALLEJO, A POWERFUL MAN IN THE MEXICAN PROVINCE OF CALIFORNIA FROM 1834 TO 1846. HIS RANCH INCLUDED CATTLE , SHEEP, AND HORSE RAISING. AND HE GREW NUMEROUS CROPS. THEY HAVE DECORATED ADOBE WITH AUTHENTIC FURNITURE AND EXHIBITS DEPICTING EARLY RANCHO LIFE. THE HUGE ADOBE BUILDING AND RANCH WAS THE LARGEST IN CALIFORNIA BETWEEN 1834 TO 1846. HE OWNED ONE OF THE PROSPEROUS ESTATES ESTABLISHED AROUND THE MEXICAN PERIOD.
IN 1996 AN ARCHAEOLOGIST, STEPHEN SILLIMAN, FROM U C BERKELEY RESEARCHED THE HISTORY OF THE PARK. HE LED A FULL SCALE PROJECT TO LOCATE AND STUDY NATIVE AMERICAN EVIDENCE HERE IN THE 1800'S THIS LAND GRANT INCLUDED 66,000 ACRES BETWEEN SONOMA CREEK AND PETALUMA RIVER. EVEN THOUGH IT WAS IT WAS OWNED AND OPERATED BY A MEXICAN CALIFORNIAN, THE KEY FEATURE OF THE RANCHO PETALUMA. WAS THE LARGE NUMBER OF CALIFORNIA INDIANS BROUGHT TO THE RANCH FOR LABOR. THE NATURE OF THEIR WORK AND THE COMPOSITION OF THEIR WORKFORCE HAS NEVER BEEN LOCATED IN WRITTEN HISTORY. THIS PROJECT USED A PEDESTRIAN AND GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY, AS WELL AS SHOVEL TESTED PROBES TO LOCATE EVIDENCE OF NATIVE AMERICAN WORKERS. THEY FOUND HISTORIC PERIOD MIDDEN REMAINS ON THE SURFACE AND NUMEROUS SUBSURFACE FEATURES. IN 1997 MORE WORK WAS DONE AND THEY SURFACE COLLECTED SOME UNITS IN THE MIDDEN AREA AND 2 TEST UNITS WERE DUG IN THE HIGHEST ARTIFACT COLLECTION OF THE MIDDEN. THE REMAINS WERE LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL BONES, OBSIDIAN FLAKES AND TOOLS, SHELLFISH, GLASS TRADE BEADS, SHELLS, AND GRINDING STONES, GLASS BOTTLE FRAGMENTS, CERAMIC SHERDS, AND AN ARRAY OF METAL ITEMS - BUTTONS, NAILS AND FLATWARE. THEIR EXCAVATIONS NEAR THE MIDDEN REVEALED 1 OF 2 BUILDINGS SHOWN ON A 1800 SURVEY MAP FOR THE RANCHO. ANOTHER FEATURE WAS A LARGE COBBLE COOKING FEATURE; TWO PITS OF BURNED BONE AND WOOD. FINALLY IN 1998 THE EXCAVATIONS WERE CONNECTED TO FORM A TRENCH AND ANOTHER WEALTH OF ARTIFACTS WERE LOCATED IN ORDER TO DEFINE THE NATURE AND ADOBE STRUCTURE. THEIR IS LITTLE HISTORICAL DOCUMENTATION REGARDING THE NATIVE AMERICANS WHO WORKED HERE. BASICALLY THE TEAM DISCOVERED THAT THE NATIVE AMERICANS USED SOME OF THEIR TRADITIONAL HUNTING AND GATHERING TECHNIQUES TO FEED THEMSELVES AND THEY WERE MORE OR LESS CONSIDERED SLAVES TO GENERAL VALLEJO. HE HAS PUBLISHED SOME PAPERS ON THIS EXCAVATION.
CA.PARKS.GOV
IN 1996 AN ARCHAEOLOGIST, STEPHEN SILLIMAN, FROM U C BERKELEY RESEARCHED THE HISTORY OF THE PARK. HE LED A FULL SCALE PROJECT TO LOCATE AND STUDY NATIVE AMERICAN EVIDENCE HERE IN THE 1800'S THIS LAND GRANT INCLUDED 66,000 ACRES BETWEEN SONOMA CREEK AND PETALUMA RIVER. EVEN THOUGH IT WAS IT WAS OWNED AND OPERATED BY A MEXICAN CALIFORNIAN, THE KEY FEATURE OF THE RANCHO PETALUMA. WAS THE LARGE NUMBER OF CALIFORNIA INDIANS BROUGHT TO THE RANCH FOR LABOR. THE NATURE OF THEIR WORK AND THE COMPOSITION OF THEIR WORKFORCE HAS NEVER BEEN LOCATED IN WRITTEN HISTORY. THIS PROJECT USED A PEDESTRIAN AND GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY, AS WELL AS SHOVEL TESTED PROBES TO LOCATE EVIDENCE OF NATIVE AMERICAN WORKERS. THEY FOUND HISTORIC PERIOD MIDDEN REMAINS ON THE SURFACE AND NUMEROUS SUBSURFACE FEATURES. IN 1997 MORE WORK WAS DONE AND THEY SURFACE COLLECTED SOME UNITS IN THE MIDDEN AREA AND 2 TEST UNITS WERE DUG IN THE HIGHEST ARTIFACT COLLECTION OF THE MIDDEN. THE REMAINS WERE LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANIMAL BONES, OBSIDIAN FLAKES AND TOOLS, SHELLFISH, GLASS TRADE BEADS, SHELLS, AND GRINDING STONES, GLASS BOTTLE FRAGMENTS, CERAMIC SHERDS, AND AN ARRAY OF METAL ITEMS - BUTTONS, NAILS AND FLATWARE. THEIR EXCAVATIONS NEAR THE MIDDEN REVEALED 1 OF 2 BUILDINGS SHOWN ON A 1800 SURVEY MAP FOR THE RANCHO. ANOTHER FEATURE WAS A LARGE COBBLE COOKING FEATURE; TWO PITS OF BURNED BONE AND WOOD. FINALLY IN 1998 THE EXCAVATIONS WERE CONNECTED TO FORM A TRENCH AND ANOTHER WEALTH OF ARTIFACTS WERE LOCATED IN ORDER TO DEFINE THE NATURE AND ADOBE STRUCTURE. THEIR IS LITTLE HISTORICAL DOCUMENTATION REGARDING THE NATIVE AMERICANS WHO WORKED HERE. BASICALLY THE TEAM DISCOVERED THAT THE NATIVE AMERICANS USED SOME OF THEIR TRADITIONAL HUNTING AND GATHERING TECHNIQUES TO FEED THEMSELVES AND THEY WERE MORE OR LESS CONSIDERED SLAVES TO GENERAL VALLEJO. HE HAS PUBLISHED SOME PAPERS ON THIS EXCAVATION.
CA.PARKS.GOV
BALE GRIST MILL STATE PARK
THIS PARK IS JUST SOUTH OF BOTHE NAPA STATE PARKS. WE VISITED THIS A NUMBER OF TIMES AS IT WAS A PLACE MY SON LIKE TO VISIT IN ORDER TO WATCH THE OPERATING WATER WHEEL AND WATER POWERED GRIST MILL INSIDE. THE MILL WAS BUILT IN 1846 OF REDWOOD. IT WAS THE CENTER OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY IN NAPA VALLEY AS SETTLERS GATHERED HERETO HAVE THEIR CORN AND WHEAT MILLED HERE. THE MILL WAS OWNED BY DR. BALE AND HE BOUGHT IT IN A LAND GRANT FROM THE MEXICAN GOVERNMENT. HE LIVED NEAR IT UNTIL 1849 WHEN HE DIED. THE MILLED REMAINED IN USE UNTIL THE EARLY 1900'S.
THE MILL HAD A 36 ' WATER WHEEL OF REDWOOD AND IT AS WELL AS THE BUILDING HAVE BEEN RESTORED. THEY SHOW HOW THE MILL WORKS ON WEEKENDS ONLY. AND THEY SELL MILLED WHEAT BREAD. WE HAVE HIKED ON MANY TRAILS HERE ALONG THE CREEK. THEY HAD A GRANARY BUILT WITH LOCAL DOUG FIR AND REDWOODS. THE TIMBERS WERE NOTCHED AND HELD IN WOODEN PEGS AS WELL AS NAILS AND SCREWS. THEY HAD A DITCH BRING THE WATER FROM A MILL POND TO THE TOP OF THE WOODEN FLUME, WHICH BROUGHT WATER TO THE WATER WHEEL. THE WATER WHEEL TURNED GRIND STONES AND THE DAMPNESS OF THE MILL'S SITE GAVE THE MEAL A SPECIAL QUALITY FOR MAKING CORNBREAD AND SPOON BREAD.
OLD TIMER'S SAID "WHEN MEAL COMES TO YOU THAT WAY LIKE THE HEATED UNDERSIDE OF A SITTIN HEN, IT BAKES THE BREAD AND MAKES CITY BREAD TASTE LIKE CARDBOARD". THE PARK IS OPEN ONLY ON WEEKENDS.
CA.PARKS.COM
THE MILL HAD A 36 ' WATER WHEEL OF REDWOOD AND IT AS WELL AS THE BUILDING HAVE BEEN RESTORED. THEY SHOW HOW THE MILL WORKS ON WEEKENDS ONLY. AND THEY SELL MILLED WHEAT BREAD. WE HAVE HIKED ON MANY TRAILS HERE ALONG THE CREEK. THEY HAD A GRANARY BUILT WITH LOCAL DOUG FIR AND REDWOODS. THE TIMBERS WERE NOTCHED AND HELD IN WOODEN PEGS AS WELL AS NAILS AND SCREWS. THEY HAD A DITCH BRING THE WATER FROM A MILL POND TO THE TOP OF THE WOODEN FLUME, WHICH BROUGHT WATER TO THE WATER WHEEL. THE WATER WHEEL TURNED GRIND STONES AND THE DAMPNESS OF THE MILL'S SITE GAVE THE MEAL A SPECIAL QUALITY FOR MAKING CORNBREAD AND SPOON BREAD.
OLD TIMER'S SAID "WHEN MEAL COMES TO YOU THAT WAY LIKE THE HEATED UNDERSIDE OF A SITTIN HEN, IT BAKES THE BREAD AND MAKES CITY BREAD TASTE LIKE CARDBOARD". THE PARK IS OPEN ONLY ON WEEKENDS.
CA.PARKS.COM
BOTHE NAPA STATE PARK
BOTH NAPA STATE PARK, 1900 ACRES WAS THE FIRST STATE PARK THAT MY HUSBAND AND I VISITED AND CAMPED IN WHEN WE FIRST MOVED TO CALIFORNIA. WE ENJOYED THE CLEAN FACILITIES AND I NOTICED THAT THE OFFICE IS ADJACENT TO A PREHISTORIC CAMPSITE. IT IS IN THE NAPA VALLEY AND THEY HAVE A SWIMMING POOL AS WELL AS MANY MILES OF HIKING TRAILS. OUR FAMILY HAS HIKED HERE IN THE RAIN MANY TIMES. IT I IN A FOREST OF COASTAL REDWOODS, DOUGLAS FIR, TANOAK, MADRONE, AND VARIOUS SHRUBS. DAYTIME VISITORS CAN ENJOY A STROLL IN RITCHEY CANYON TO SEE DELICATE FARMS. THE INTERPRETIVE ASSOCIATION HAS PLANTED A NATIVE AMERICAN GARDEN THERE WITH PLANTS THAT THE WAPPO USED FOR EATING, MAKING BASKETS, ROPE, AND FISH NETS, CLOTHING, MEDICINE, AND INSTRUMENTS. THE PARK IS EASILY ACCESSED AND HAS ABOUT 10 MILES OF TRAILS TO HIKE WITH REDWOOD ORCHIDS. MANY BUCKEYE TREES ARE FOUND IN THE NAPA VALLEY ORIGINALLY. THESE NUTS WERE USED BY THE WAPPO AND PICKED LATE FALL OR EARLY WINTER. THEIR IS A GOOD VIEW OF MT. SAINT HELENA, WHICH WAS CONSIDERED OFF LIMITS TO THE WAPPO AS IT WAS A SPIRITUAL MOUNTAIN. LAURA SOMERSAL SAID SHE AND HER PEOPLE HAD LEARNED THAT IT WAS TOO SACRED TO CLIMB.
CA.PARKS.GOV
CA.PARKS.GOV
JEDIDIAH SMITH REDWOODS STATE PARK
THIS PARK IS LOCATED WITHIN A HEAVILY FORESTED REDWOOD PARK OF OLD GROWTH. THE SMITH RIVER IS THE LAST MAJOR FREE FLOWING RIVER IN CALIFORNIA BISECTS THE PARK. WE HAVE CAMPED, HIKED, AND KAYAKED IN THIS PARK WHEN MY SON WAS ABOUT 6 YEARS OLD. THIS PARK WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1929. IT HAS A NICE VISITOR . JEDEDIAH SMITH WAS THE 1ST ANGLO TO EXPLORE THE INTERIOR OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA IN 1826. HE TRAPPED ANIMALS. SMITH CAME FROM GREAT LAKE SALT LAKE THROUGH MOHAVE DESERT TO SAN BERNADINO MOUNTAINS.
ONCE GOLD WAS DISCOVERED ALONG THE SACRAMENTO AND TRINITY RIVERS MANY THOUSANDS OF MINERS CAME TO CALIFORNIA . THEY NEEDED SUPPLIES FOR THEIR MINING CAMPS WHICH INCREASED SMALL TOWNS IN HUMBOLDT DEL NORTE. OTHER SCENIC TREES ARE SITKA SPRUCE , TANOAK, MADRONE, RED ALTER, AND BIG LEAF MAPLE, AND CALIFORNIA BAY. THE PARK HAS ABUNDANT WILDLIFE AND I REMEMBER THEM HAVING A CAMPFIRE TALK. THE RIVER STILL
HAS KING SALMON, AND STEELHEAD TROUT.
PARK.CA.GOV
ONCE GOLD WAS DISCOVERED ALONG THE SACRAMENTO AND TRINITY RIVERS MANY THOUSANDS OF MINERS CAME TO CALIFORNIA . THEY NEEDED SUPPLIES FOR THEIR MINING CAMPS WHICH INCREASED SMALL TOWNS IN HUMBOLDT DEL NORTE. OTHER SCENIC TREES ARE SITKA SPRUCE , TANOAK, MADRONE, RED ALTER, AND BIG LEAF MAPLE, AND CALIFORNIA BAY. THE PARK HAS ABUNDANT WILDLIFE AND I REMEMBER THEM HAVING A CAMPFIRE TALK. THE RIVER STILL
HAS KING SALMON, AND STEELHEAD TROUT.
PARK.CA.GOV
AHJAMAWI LAVA SPRINGS
THIS PARK IS IN SHASTA COUNTY AND IS AN EXCEPTIONAL PARK AS IT IS VIRTUALLY A WILDERNESS ISLAND. YOU MUST TAKE A BOAT TO ACCESS THIS ISLAND. WE KAYAKED OVER AND WALKED AROUND THE ISLAND LOOKING OVER SOME OF THE BASALT ROCKS THAT THE PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC INDIANS HAD PECKED PETROGLYPHS, SYMBOLS THAT INDICATE THAT THEY WERE IN TUNE WITH SEASONAL CHANGES AND PERHAPS RECORDING SPIRITUAL COMMUNICATIONS. THESE GLYPHS HAVE NOT BEEN RECORDED OR RESEARCHED. WE BROUGHT OUR TENT AND CAMPED OVERNIGHT. THERE ARE FISH PONDS ALONG THE SHORE LINE THAT THE PIT RIVER INDIANS STILL USE. THEY ARE SMALL TRAPS MADE OF LAVA ROCK NEAR THE SHORELINE OF THE ISLAND - THEY WERE MADE IN PREHISTORIC TIMES.
AHJAMAWI MEANS "WHERE THE WATER COMES TOGETHER". AS THESE PIT RIVER INDIANS SAY. THE WATERS ARE BIG LAKE, TULE RIVER, JA-SHE-CREEK, LAVA CREEK. AND FALL RIVER. THEY FORM ONE OF THE LARGEST SYSTEMS OF FRESH WATER SPRINGS IN THE COUNTRY. THERE ARE LAVA FLOWS BROKEN BY GREAT FAULTS, LAVA TUBES AS CRATERS,. THE VEGETATION IS THICK WITH OAKS, PINE, JUNIPER FORESTS, WITH UNDERSTORY RABBIT BRUSH, AND SAGEBRUSH. A HUGE VARIETY OF BIRDS ARE HERE INCLUDING EAGLES, PEREGRINE FALCONS, OSPREY , EAGLES, BLUE HERONS AND OTHERS BE SURE TO BRING SOME MOSQUITO REPELLENT!
AHJAMAWI MEANS "WHERE THE WATER COMES TOGETHER". AS THESE PIT RIVER INDIANS SAY. THE WATERS ARE BIG LAKE, TULE RIVER, JA-SHE-CREEK, LAVA CREEK. AND FALL RIVER. THEY FORM ONE OF THE LARGEST SYSTEMS OF FRESH WATER SPRINGS IN THE COUNTRY. THERE ARE LAVA FLOWS BROKEN BY GREAT FAULTS, LAVA TUBES AS CRATERS,. THE VEGETATION IS THICK WITH OAKS, PINE, JUNIPER FORESTS, WITH UNDERSTORY RABBIT BRUSH, AND SAGEBRUSH. A HUGE VARIETY OF BIRDS ARE HERE INCLUDING EAGLES, PEREGRINE FALCONS, OSPREY , EAGLES, BLUE HERONS AND OTHERS BE SURE TO BRING SOME MOSQUITO REPELLENT!
CLEARLAKE STATE PARK
THIS 330 ACRE STATE PARK JUST SOUTH OF MT. KONOCTI, A SPIRITUAL MOUNTAIN CONTAINS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES TO THE SOUTHEAST POMO. THIS IS THE STATE'S LARGEST PLEISTOCENE NATURAL LAKE THAT DATES TO 1.5 MILLION YEARS AGO. AT THE NORTHERN EDGE THEIR IS AN UNDER WATER SPRING THAT EMITS SULPHUR HOT WATER THAT THE INDIANS CONSIDERED A SACRED PLACE - AS IT IS BUBBLY WATER. MANY PEOPLE STILL FISH HERE AND RIDE BIG MOTOR BOATS AND CATCH BASS, CRAPPIE, BLUEGILL, AND CATFISH. IT HAS NESTING PLACES FOR WATERFOWL. THERE IS AN INDIAN NATURE TRAIL THAT SHOWS HOW THE POMO LIVED IN AND UTILIZED THE AREA'S RESOURCES RESOURCES FOR OVER 10,000 YEARS. THE PARKS ARE BUILDING CABINS TO RENT FOR THE FUTURE. THEIR ARE SOME PETROGLYPHS AND A PICTOGRAPH IN THIS PARK AND THE SOUTHEAST POMO COLLECTED ROOTS, NUTS, BERRIES, AND FISHED HERE FOR MILLENIA. THEY ALSO MADE WILLOW, REDBUD, SEDGE, BASKETRY HERE. THE PARK ALSO HAS AN INTERESTING HISTORIC SETTLERS HISTORY AS THEY DESCRIBE IT IN THEIR VISITOR CENTER.
THE PIONEERS ARRIVED IN 1826 AND THEY CLASHED WITH THE POMO. THEIR LEADERS SIGNED A TREATY IN 1851 GIVING THE POMO 72 MILES OF LAKE FRONT LAND AND PEACE. 17 TRIBES SUED AND GAINED PERMANENT FEDERAL RECOGNITION. TODAY THE BIG VALLEY POMO HAVE A THRIVING GOVERNMENT!
CA.PARKS.GOV
THE PIONEERS ARRIVED IN 1826 AND THEY CLASHED WITH THE POMO. THEIR LEADERS SIGNED A TREATY IN 1851 GIVING THE POMO 72 MILES OF LAKE FRONT LAND AND PEACE. 17 TRIBES SUED AND GAINED PERMANENT FEDERAL RECOGNITION. TODAY THE BIG VALLEY POMO HAVE A THRIVING GOVERNMENT!
CA.PARKS.GOV
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
PATRICKS POINT STATE PARK
THIS STATE PARK IS LOCATED ABOUT 20 MILES NORTH OF EUREKA ALONG THE COAST. IT HAS A DENSE FOREST AND A NICE MEADOW WITH AN EXCELLENT VISITOR CENTER. THE YUROKS HAVE RECREATED A VILLAGE WITH A SEMI SUBTERRANEAN MEETING LODGE, SEVERAL REDWOOD PLANK HOUSES AND A REDWOOD DUGOUT CANOE. THEY ALSO HAVE A NATIVE PLANT GARDEN. THIS PARK HAS SOME VERY INTERESTING ROCK OUTCROPS ALONG THE COAST THE COAST WHICH WE HAVE HIKED MANY TIMES AS A FAMILY, AND SOMETIMES YOU CAN SEE THE OTTERS FROLICKING IN THE OCEAN.
THEIR IS A NEAT PRECIPICE WHERE PEOPLE OFTEN GET MARRIED. IT IS SURROUNDED BY THE WAVES. THERE IS ANOTHER NEAT BEECH WHERE MOST PEOPLE LOOK FOR AGATES AND REDWOOD WORN STICKS. IT IS A VERY SPECIAL PARK TO OUR FAMILY AND I NEVER TIRE OF GOING THERE AND LISTENING TO THE OCEAN!
CA PARKS.GOV
THEIR IS A NEAT PRECIPICE WHERE PEOPLE OFTEN GET MARRIED. IT IS SURROUNDED BY THE WAVES. THERE IS ANOTHER NEAT BEECH WHERE MOST PEOPLE LOOK FOR AGATES AND REDWOOD WORN STICKS. IT IS A VERY SPECIAL PARK TO OUR FAMILY AND I NEVER TIRE OF GOING THERE AND LISTENING TO THE OCEAN!
CA PARKS.GOV
MICCOSUKEE INDIANS
THESE FOLKS ARE FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES IN THE U.S. AND WERE PART SEMINOLE. BY THE 18TH CENTURY THE MICCOSUKEE APPEARED IN RECORDING THE BRITISH WHICH WAS CENTERED AROUND THE BRITISH WHICH WAS CENTERED AROUND THE VILLAGE OF FLORIDA. LIKE OTHER SEMINOLES THEY WERE DISPLACED DURING THE 1817 -58 SEMINOLE WARS. THE HISTORICALLY OCCUPIED GEORGIA (TENNESSEE VALLEY). THEY LATER SPLIT AND WENT TO THE CAROLINAS AND ONE GROUP WENT TO NORTHERN ALABAMA. DURING THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES THEY SETTLED IN FLORIDA. AFTER THE SEMINOLE WARS THEY MOVED TO SOUTHERN FLORIDA ON A RESERVATION. SOME OF THIS TRIBE JOINED THE SEMINOLES AND OTHERS WERE DISTINCT FROM EACH OTHER.
THEIR LANGUAGE IS ENDING AND THE CHILDREN AREN'T LEARNING THE LANGUAGE. THEIR CHILDREN TODAY GO TO SCHOOL, GO ON HUNTING /FISHING TRIPS WITH THEIR FATHERS, FINISH CHORES AND PLAY. LIKE SOME SEMINOLES THEIR HOUSES WERE CALLED CHICKEES. IF THEY LIVED IN THE EVERGLADES THEY BUILT THEIR HOUSES ON WOODEN STILTS. TODAY THEY LIVE IN REGULAR HOUSES. THEY HOLLOWED OUT CANOES FROM CYPRESS. THESE FOLKS LEARNED AGRICULTURE EARLY ON AND PLANTED CORN, BEANS, AND SQUASH. THEY MADE BEAUTIFUL BASKETS, MADE WOODEN CARVINGS AND BEAD WORK. THEY TELL THE STORY OF THE GREEN CORN DANCE TO THEIR CHILDREN AS PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
BIG ORIN. ORG
THEIR LANGUAGE IS ENDING AND THE CHILDREN AREN'T LEARNING THE LANGUAGE. THEIR CHILDREN TODAY GO TO SCHOOL, GO ON HUNTING /FISHING TRIPS WITH THEIR FATHERS, FINISH CHORES AND PLAY. LIKE SOME SEMINOLES THEIR HOUSES WERE CALLED CHICKEES. IF THEY LIVED IN THE EVERGLADES THEY BUILT THEIR HOUSES ON WOODEN STILTS. TODAY THEY LIVE IN REGULAR HOUSES. THEY HOLLOWED OUT CANOES FROM CYPRESS. THESE FOLKS LEARNED AGRICULTURE EARLY ON AND PLANTED CORN, BEANS, AND SQUASH. THEY MADE BEAUTIFUL BASKETS, MADE WOODEN CARVINGS AND BEAD WORK. THEY TELL THE STORY OF THE GREEN CORN DANCE TO THEIR CHILDREN AS PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
BIG ORIN. ORG
TIMUCA INDIANS
THESE INDIANS LIVED IN NORTHEAST FLORIDA AND SOUTHEAST FLORIDA AND SOUTHEAST GEORGIA. THEY WERE THE LARGEST INDIGENOUS GROUP IN THAT REGION AND CONSISTED OF 35 CHIEFDOMS. THEY LEAD THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE. AT THE TIME OF EUROPEAN CONTACT THEY OCCUPIED 19,000 SQUARE MILES AND HAD 200,000 PEOPLE. THEY SPOKE TIMICUAN LANGUAGE. THEY BUILT HOUSES MADE OF UPRIGHT POLES AND WERE CIRCULAR IN SHAPE COVERED WITH PALM LEAF THATCHING WITH A HOLE IN THE CENTER THEY WERE ABOUT 20 FEET ACROSS. EACH VILLAGE HAD A COUNCIL HOUSE ABOUT 20' ACROSS WHICH COULD BE USED FOR SLEEPING. THESE FOLKS WERE SEMI-AGRICULTURAL AND ATE MANY TYPES OF FOOD THEY PLANTED CORN BEANS AND SQUASH AND PART OF THEIR DIET CAME FROM GATHERING FRUITS, ACORNS, NUTS, AND ROOTS. THE MEN HUNTED GAME INCLUDING ALLIGATORS MANATEES AND WHALES. THEY EXCHANGED FOOD ITEMS WITH SOME SPANISH AFTER 1590.
THEIR EARLIEST SITE DATED TO 1100 TO 1300 CE, WHICH PREDATED THE FOUNDING OF ST. AUGUSTINE BY 200 YEARS. THEY WERE NEVER ORGANIZED POLITICALLY. THEY SUFFERED LIKE OTHERS FROM EUROPEAN DISEASES. BY 1600 THERE POPULATION DROPPED TO 50,000 WITHIN 13 CHIEFDOMS. BY 1700 THE POPULATION HAD BEEN REDUCED TO 1000. THEY WERE EXTINCT AFTER 1800 BY THE ENGLISH COLONISTS WHO KILLED OR ENSLAVED THEM. THEIR NAME TEMUCA IS DERIVED FROM TYMANGOUA THAT WAS USED BY THE SATURIVA TRIBE. IN PREHISTORY THEY HAD SMALL TRIBAL WARS. THEY PROBABLY SAW JUAN PONCE DE LEON EXPEDITION IN ST. AUGUSTINE IN 1513. SPANISH MISSIONARIES ESTABLISHED MISSIONS IN EACH OF THEIR MAIN VILLAGES.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
THEIR EARLIEST SITE DATED TO 1100 TO 1300 CE, WHICH PREDATED THE FOUNDING OF ST. AUGUSTINE BY 200 YEARS. THEY WERE NEVER ORGANIZED POLITICALLY. THEY SUFFERED LIKE OTHERS FROM EUROPEAN DISEASES. BY 1600 THERE POPULATION DROPPED TO 50,000 WITHIN 13 CHIEFDOMS. BY 1700 THE POPULATION HAD BEEN REDUCED TO 1000. THEY WERE EXTINCT AFTER 1800 BY THE ENGLISH COLONISTS WHO KILLED OR ENSLAVED THEM. THEIR NAME TEMUCA IS DERIVED FROM TYMANGOUA THAT WAS USED BY THE SATURIVA TRIBE. IN PREHISTORY THEY HAD SMALL TRIBAL WARS. THEY PROBABLY SAW JUAN PONCE DE LEON EXPEDITION IN ST. AUGUSTINE IN 1513. SPANISH MISSIONARIES ESTABLISHED MISSIONS IN EACH OF THEIR MAIN VILLAGES.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
WILDER RANCH STATE PARK
THIS RANCH IS LOCATED IN SANTA CRUZ ON 7000 ACRES ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST. IT IS LIKE A NATURE PRESERVE ALONG THE SEA COAST. OUR FAMILY HAS RIDDEN OUR MOUNTAIN BIKES ON THE COASTAL TRAIL AND SOME OF THE RUGGED BIKE/HIKE TRAILS WHICH WERE MUDDY . THEY HAVE 35 MILES OF BIKE TRAILS WHICH WERE MUDDY. THE OHLONES HAD LIVED IN HERE FOR CENTURIES IN CONICAL WIKIUPS MADE FROM WILLOW POLES AND OTHER POLES AND OTHER BRANCHES. TO MAKE A WATER PROOF HOME.
THEIR LIFE CHANGED DRAMATICALLY AFTER THE 1776 EXPEDITION OF GASPAR DE PORTOLA. MISSION SANTA CRUZ WAS BUILT IN 1791. THE SPANISH BROUGHT THEIR CATTLE AND GRAZED THEM ON TRIBAL GRASSLANDS AND FREELY USED THEIR FOOD RESOURCES. EVENTUALLY AS WITH MOST TRIBES, EUROPEAN DISEASE AND THE LOSS OF LANDS LED TO THE DWINDLING OHLONE POPULATION.
FROM 1791 TO 1835 ALL OF THE LAND WAS WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI... SANTA CRUZ WAS CALLED RANCHO ARROYO OR RANCH OF THE STREAMBED SLAUGHTERED GROUND. IN 1830S THE LAND WAS GIVEN TO 3 DAUGHTERS JOAQUIN CASTRON AND IT WAS CALLED RANCHO DEL REFUGIO. THE RANCHO WAS SPLIT BEFORE A LARGE NUMBER OF ACRES WERE BOUGHT BY MOSES WILDER IN 1854. HE BUILT A HOME , THE CURRENT FARMHOUSE, A CREAMERY, DAIRY BARN, AND OTHER BUILDINGS. HE SOLD HIS BUTTER IN SAN FRANCISCO FOR $1 PER POUND. HE HAD PARTNERS WHO BOUGHT 4200 ACRES OF THE FORMER WATERSHEDS IN THE MONTERREY BAY MARINE SANCTUARY.
WILDER RANCH HAS A VIDEO ARENA AND RANCH BUILDINGS, AND THREE RESTORED WORKSHOPS RUN BY WATER POWER. THE RANCH HAS INTERPRETERS LEADING TOURS DRESSED IN PERIOD CLOTHING. THE BLUFFS NEAR THE BEACH HAS TIDE POOLS AND SEA CAVES, INTO THE HILLS AND TERRACES OF PARK TO BEN LOMAND MOUNTAIN WHICH IS 1800 FEET HIGH.
THIS SITE WAS THE MAIN RANCHO SUPPLING SANTA CRUZ MISSION WITH FOOD, IRON CRAFTS, COWHIDES, AND OTHER SUPPLIES. WE HAVE ATTENDED THEIR LIVING LIVING HISTORY DEMONSTRATING SHOWING PIONEERS WEAVING, CRAFTING IRON ON FIRES, MILKING, AND MAKING HAND MADE TORTILLAS, DRAFT HORSE WAGON RIDES.
PARKS.CA.GOV
THEIR LIFE CHANGED DRAMATICALLY AFTER THE 1776 EXPEDITION OF GASPAR DE PORTOLA. MISSION SANTA CRUZ WAS BUILT IN 1791. THE SPANISH BROUGHT THEIR CATTLE AND GRAZED THEM ON TRIBAL GRASSLANDS AND FREELY USED THEIR FOOD RESOURCES. EVENTUALLY AS WITH MOST TRIBES, EUROPEAN DISEASE AND THE LOSS OF LANDS LED TO THE DWINDLING OHLONE POPULATION.
FROM 1791 TO 1835 ALL OF THE LAND WAS WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI... SANTA CRUZ WAS CALLED RANCHO ARROYO OR RANCH OF THE STREAMBED SLAUGHTERED GROUND. IN 1830S THE LAND WAS GIVEN TO 3 DAUGHTERS JOAQUIN CASTRON AND IT WAS CALLED RANCHO DEL REFUGIO. THE RANCHO WAS SPLIT BEFORE A LARGE NUMBER OF ACRES WERE BOUGHT BY MOSES WILDER IN 1854. HE BUILT A HOME , THE CURRENT FARMHOUSE, A CREAMERY, DAIRY BARN, AND OTHER BUILDINGS. HE SOLD HIS BUTTER IN SAN FRANCISCO FOR $1 PER POUND. HE HAD PARTNERS WHO BOUGHT 4200 ACRES OF THE FORMER WATERSHEDS IN THE MONTERREY BAY MARINE SANCTUARY.
WILDER RANCH HAS A VIDEO ARENA AND RANCH BUILDINGS, AND THREE RESTORED WORKSHOPS RUN BY WATER POWER. THE RANCH HAS INTERPRETERS LEADING TOURS DRESSED IN PERIOD CLOTHING. THE BLUFFS NEAR THE BEACH HAS TIDE POOLS AND SEA CAVES, INTO THE HILLS AND TERRACES OF PARK TO BEN LOMAND MOUNTAIN WHICH IS 1800 FEET HIGH.
THIS SITE WAS THE MAIN RANCHO SUPPLING SANTA CRUZ MISSION WITH FOOD, IRON CRAFTS, COWHIDES, AND OTHER SUPPLIES. WE HAVE ATTENDED THEIR LIVING LIVING HISTORY DEMONSTRATING SHOWING PIONEERS WEAVING, CRAFTING IRON ON FIRES, MILKING, AND MAKING HAND MADE TORTILLAS, DRAFT HORSE WAGON RIDES.
PARKS.CA.GOV
MY MASTER'S THESIS ON THE KLAMATH FOREST
MY MASTER'S THESIS WAS ABOUT MY ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK DURING A LARGE SURVEY PROJECT ON THE KLAMATH NATIONAL FOREST IN 1975. WHEN I WAS HIRED THE YEAR BEFORE I WORKED ON THE OAK KNOLL DISTRICT. I RECORDED PRIMARILY HISTORIC MINING CAMPS ALONG MANY OF THEIR CREEKS AND RIVERS. I WAS THE ONLY ARCHAEOLOGISTS THERE. THE NEXT YEAR BOTH MY HUSBAND AND I LED A SMALL GROUP OF ARCHAEOLOGISTSON THE GOOSENECK DISTRICT AND THEY HAD MANY TYPES OF PROJECTS. WE DID PREFIELD RESEARCH IN ORDER TO PLAN OUR SURVEYS. IT WAS A MUCH FLATTER AREA THAN THE OAK KNOLL DISTRICT. I ALSO DID SOME PREFIELD RESEARCH TO PLAN OUR SURVEYS USING AERIAL PHOTOS. WE CONDUCTED A MULTIPLE PLAN APPROACH TO LOCATING SITES OUR SURVEYS WERE DONE WITH THREE TO FOUR PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT AREA.
WE CONDUCTED A SAMPLE SURVEY OF A NUMBER OF TIMBER SALES, REVEGETATION PROJECTS AND OF SPECIAL IMPROVEMENTS. I DECIDED TO USE THE LAVA TIMBER SALE AS MY THESIS PROJECT. THIS LAND BASE OF ABOUT 3000 ACRES CONTAINED NUMEROUS RAILROAD GRADES FROM THE 1930S. THEY ORIGINALLY CUT THE PINE AND FIR TREES FOR MAKING HOUSES AND SENT SOME OF THESE LOGS TO WEED, THE LARGEST MILL TOWN HERE. WE RECORDED ALL OF THE HISTORIC RAILROAD GRADES AS SITES AND RECORDED AND PLOTTED NUMEROUS HISTORIC LOGGING CAMPS ALONGSIDE THE RAILROAD GRADES AS WELL AS NEAR THE LARGE GLASS MOUNTAIN. WE ALSO FOUND NUMEROUS PREHISTORIC TEMPORARY CAMPSITES THAT CONTAINED FLAKING STATIONS AND SEVERAL PROJECTILE POINTS AS WELL AS GRINDING SLABS AND GROUND STONES. WE PLOTTED, MAPPED, AND RECORDED THESE SITES IN ORDER TO PROTECT THEM FOREVER FROM THE TIMBER CUTTING PROCESS.
WE NOTED ON THE AERIAL PHOTOS MANY BARREN AREAS ADJACENT TO THE RAILROADS WHICH WE SURVEYED. THESE WERE SOME OF THE CAMPSITES OF RAILROAD WORKERS WHO HAD CUT SOME OF THE TREES IN THE 1930'S. WE RECORDED THE TYPES OF HISTORIC CANS AND BOTTLES AND DISHES THAT WE FOUND IN THESE CAMPS. SOME OF THE MEN PROBABLY SLEPT IN RAILROAD CARS IN THE WINTER. THERE WERE MANY CAMPFIRES.
GLASS MOUNTAIN WAS AN UNUSUAL FEATURE THAT HAD US CONFUSED. WE TRIED TO CLIMB THIS 30 FOOT TALL OBSIDIAN MOUNTAIN BUT FOUND IT TOO DANGEROUS. WE SURVEYED AROUND THE ENTIRE MOUNTAIN AND WE FOUND FINE OBSIDIAN CHIPS AND DEBITAGE, CORES, SOME SCRAPERS AND SOME NATURAL MADE FLAKES FROM FOREST FIRES THAT HAD OCCURRED IN HISTORIC TIMES. IT WAS DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE WHICH FLAKES WERE MADE BY MAN VS. BY FOREST FIRES. IN ANY CASE, WE RECORDED SEVERAL PREHISTORIC KNAPPING STATIONS AND AREAS THAT WERE CAMPSITES FOR HUNTING AND PERHAPS FOR COLLECTING SPECIAL VEGETATION AND EATING BIRDS OF VARIOUS TYPES.
WE BECAME FAMILIAR WITH THE TYPES OF HISTORIC SITES ON THIS RANGER DISTRICT AND COULD DATE THE SITES BASED ON THE BEER CANS AND OTHER BOTTLE TYPES. I WROTE UP MY FINDINGS OF THIS PROJECT IN SOUTH DAKOTA WHERE WE HAD AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BUSINESS DOING PRIMARILY SURVEY WORK IN THREE STATES. WE MOVED BACK TO PHOENIX AND I DEFENDED MY THESIS TO COMPLETE MY M.A. IN ANTHROPOLOGY.
WE CONDUCTED A SAMPLE SURVEY OF A NUMBER OF TIMBER SALES, REVEGETATION PROJECTS AND OF SPECIAL IMPROVEMENTS. I DECIDED TO USE THE LAVA TIMBER SALE AS MY THESIS PROJECT. THIS LAND BASE OF ABOUT 3000 ACRES CONTAINED NUMEROUS RAILROAD GRADES FROM THE 1930S. THEY ORIGINALLY CUT THE PINE AND FIR TREES FOR MAKING HOUSES AND SENT SOME OF THESE LOGS TO WEED, THE LARGEST MILL TOWN HERE. WE RECORDED ALL OF THE HISTORIC RAILROAD GRADES AS SITES AND RECORDED AND PLOTTED NUMEROUS HISTORIC LOGGING CAMPS ALONGSIDE THE RAILROAD GRADES AS WELL AS NEAR THE LARGE GLASS MOUNTAIN. WE ALSO FOUND NUMEROUS PREHISTORIC TEMPORARY CAMPSITES THAT CONTAINED FLAKING STATIONS AND SEVERAL PROJECTILE POINTS AS WELL AS GRINDING SLABS AND GROUND STONES. WE PLOTTED, MAPPED, AND RECORDED THESE SITES IN ORDER TO PROTECT THEM FOREVER FROM THE TIMBER CUTTING PROCESS.
WE NOTED ON THE AERIAL PHOTOS MANY BARREN AREAS ADJACENT TO THE RAILROADS WHICH WE SURVEYED. THESE WERE SOME OF THE CAMPSITES OF RAILROAD WORKERS WHO HAD CUT SOME OF THE TREES IN THE 1930'S. WE RECORDED THE TYPES OF HISTORIC CANS AND BOTTLES AND DISHES THAT WE FOUND IN THESE CAMPS. SOME OF THE MEN PROBABLY SLEPT IN RAILROAD CARS IN THE WINTER. THERE WERE MANY CAMPFIRES.
GLASS MOUNTAIN WAS AN UNUSUAL FEATURE THAT HAD US CONFUSED. WE TRIED TO CLIMB THIS 30 FOOT TALL OBSIDIAN MOUNTAIN BUT FOUND IT TOO DANGEROUS. WE SURVEYED AROUND THE ENTIRE MOUNTAIN AND WE FOUND FINE OBSIDIAN CHIPS AND DEBITAGE, CORES, SOME SCRAPERS AND SOME NATURAL MADE FLAKES FROM FOREST FIRES THAT HAD OCCURRED IN HISTORIC TIMES. IT WAS DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE WHICH FLAKES WERE MADE BY MAN VS. BY FOREST FIRES. IN ANY CASE, WE RECORDED SEVERAL PREHISTORIC KNAPPING STATIONS AND AREAS THAT WERE CAMPSITES FOR HUNTING AND PERHAPS FOR COLLECTING SPECIAL VEGETATION AND EATING BIRDS OF VARIOUS TYPES.
WE BECAME FAMILIAR WITH THE TYPES OF HISTORIC SITES ON THIS RANGER DISTRICT AND COULD DATE THE SITES BASED ON THE BEER CANS AND OTHER BOTTLE TYPES. I WROTE UP MY FINDINGS OF THIS PROJECT IN SOUTH DAKOTA WHERE WE HAD AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BUSINESS DOING PRIMARILY SURVEY WORK IN THREE STATES. WE MOVED BACK TO PHOENIX AND I DEFENDED MY THESIS TO COMPLETE MY M.A. IN ANTHROPOLOGY.
MCARTHUR BURNEY FALLS STATE PARK
THIS BEAUTIFUL STORE PARK IS LOCATED IN SHASTA COUNTY AND IS ONE OF MY FAMILY'S FAVORITE STATE PARKS. WE'VE CAMPED, SWAM, AND HIKED THERE A NUMBER OF TIMES. I WAS TOLD THAT THE NATIVE AMERICANS CONSIDER THIS FALLS A SACRED PLACE. THE CAMPGROUND IS VERY PLEASANT AND THE HIKING THERE IS ON MOSTLY MODERATE TO LEVEL TRAILS OF LAVA. SOMETIMES WATER PERCOLATES THROUGH THE POROUS SURFACE OF THE LAVA ROCK. BECAUSE OF THE BASALT ROCK THEIR IS LITTLE UNDERSTORY VEGETATION BENEATH THE PINES AND FIRS.. ROOSEVELT PROCLAIMED IT AS THE 8TH WONDER OF THE WORLD! IT'S THUNDERING 129' FALLS IS A SPECTACULAR SIGHT.
THE IIMAWI HAD VILLAGES NEAR THE PARK. THEY DUG PITS TO TRAP BIG GAME. THEY ARE ALSO CALLED PIT RIVER INDIANS.
THE FALLS ARE DEEP FALLS AND THERE ARE ACTUALLY TWO FALLS WITH NUMEROUS PLUMES. ADDITIONAL WATER SPRINGS. THE TRAILS GO DOWN TO THE FALLS AND COMES FROM THE RIVER. THE FERNS GROWING ALONG THE CANYON OF THE RIVER ARE SPECIAL TO THE IIMAWI.
THE IIMAWI HAD VILLAGES NEAR THE PARK. THEY DUG PITS TO TRAP BIG GAME. THEY ARE ALSO CALLED PIT RIVER INDIANS.
THE FALLS ARE DEEP FALLS AND THERE ARE ACTUALLY TWO FALLS WITH NUMEROUS PLUMES. ADDITIONAL WATER SPRINGS. THE TRAILS GO DOWN TO THE FALLS AND COMES FROM THE RIVER. THE FERNS GROWING ALONG THE CANYON OF THE RIVER ARE SPECIAL TO THE IIMAWI.
Monday, December 27, 2010
OUR VISIT TO THE STATUE OF LIBERTY
THIS GIANT CONCRETE STATUE ACROSS FROM MANHATTAN IS THE LARGEST CONCRETE STRUCTURE. IT WAS BUILT IN FRANCE IN 1875 AS A GIFT TO THE U.S. IT WAS FINALLY ASSEMBLED ON LIBERTY ISLAND IN 1886. IT IS ABOUT 110 FEET HIGH. SHE WAS DESIGNED AS A CLASSICAL ROMAN DEITY, AND HS BEEN RENOVATED SEVERAL TIMES.
SHE HAS A CROWN WITH SEVEN SPIKES REPRESENTING SEVEN SEAS OR SEVEN CONTINENTS. THEY BUILT 25 WINDOWS INTO THE CROWN THAT REPRESENTS NATURAL MINERALS. IT STANDS 22 STORIES HIGH AND YOU CAN HAVE A 360 DEGREE VIEW FROM THE CROWN WINDOWS. MY HUSBAND AND I CLIMBED TO THE CROWN IN 1775 WHEN WE WERE DIGGING IN HISTORICAL SITES. THE STATUE STANDS ATOP A LARGE CONCRETE BASE ABOUT 65 FEET HIGH. WHEN WE WERE THERE THEY HAD NOT INSTALLED AN ELEVATOR. THE TOTAL HEIGHT IS 300 FEET.
SHE CARRIES A TORCH THAT REPRESENTS ENLIGHTENMENT. IN ORDER TO TOUR THE ISLAND YOU MUST USE A FERRY TO REACH LIBERTY ISLAND. APPARENTLY THE TOUCH IS LIT DURING THE NIGHT. THE EXTERIOR OF THE STATUE WAS COVERED WITH A COPPER THAT HAS TURNED GREEN DUE TO PATINA.
THIS ISLAND WAS ONCE KNOWN AS ELLIS ISLAND AND IN 1892 IT WAS THE NATION'S LARGEST FEDERAL IMMIGRATION STATION. IT CLOSED IN 1954 AND PROCESSED OVER 12 MILLION IMMIGRANTS WHO CAME FROM STEAMSHIPS. MY STEPMOTHER IN LAW WORKED AT THE NEW OFFICE OF IMMIGRATION IN NEW YORK.
SHE HAS A CROWN WITH SEVEN SPIKES REPRESENTING SEVEN SEAS OR SEVEN CONTINENTS. THEY BUILT 25 WINDOWS INTO THE CROWN THAT REPRESENTS NATURAL MINERALS. IT STANDS 22 STORIES HIGH AND YOU CAN HAVE A 360 DEGREE VIEW FROM THE CROWN WINDOWS. MY HUSBAND AND I CLIMBED TO THE CROWN IN 1775 WHEN WE WERE DIGGING IN HISTORICAL SITES. THE STATUE STANDS ATOP A LARGE CONCRETE BASE ABOUT 65 FEET HIGH. WHEN WE WERE THERE THEY HAD NOT INSTALLED AN ELEVATOR. THE TOTAL HEIGHT IS 300 FEET.
SHE CARRIES A TORCH THAT REPRESENTS ENLIGHTENMENT. IN ORDER TO TOUR THE ISLAND YOU MUST USE A FERRY TO REACH LIBERTY ISLAND. APPARENTLY THE TOUCH IS LIT DURING THE NIGHT. THE EXTERIOR OF THE STATUE WAS COVERED WITH A COPPER THAT HAS TURNED GREEN DUE TO PATINA.
THIS ISLAND WAS ONCE KNOWN AS ELLIS ISLAND AND IN 1892 IT WAS THE NATION'S LARGEST FEDERAL IMMIGRATION STATION. IT CLOSED IN 1954 AND PROCESSED OVER 12 MILLION IMMIGRANTS WHO CAME FROM STEAMSHIPS. MY STEPMOTHER IN LAW WORKED AT THE NEW OFFICE OF IMMIGRATION IN NEW YORK.
CENTER FOR SPIRITUAL LIVING
THE TOPIC WAS ABOUT GLADNESS. WE NEED TO INTERUPT DRAMA INTO 2011. WHEREVER THEIR IS LAUGHTER GOD IS PRESENT. MAKE ROOM FOR THE NEW AND LET GO OF THE OLD. LET IT BE AND IT WILL LET GO OF ITSELF. KEEP MOVING AND DON'T STOP BREATHING, OUR HEARTS NEED TO OPEN LIGHT. WE TAKE OURSELVES TOO SERIOUSLY. SPIRIT IS NOT RESTRICTED BY WHAT HAS GONE ON BEFORE. LOOK FORWARD TO NEW PROSPERITY, NEW POSSIBILITIES THIS NEXT YEAR. THE MINISTER TALKED ABOUT SEVERAL NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES THAT USE CLOWNS TO BREAK UP THE DRAMA OF OUR SERIOUSNESS. IN THE LAKOTA TRIBE IN SOUTH DAKOTA THEY HAVE A CLOWN CALLED HEYOKA WHO UPSETS THINGS IN ORDER TO GET PEOPLE DRAWN AWAY FROM THEIR NEGATIVE THINKING...THEY BRING ABOUT BALANCE. THEY WERE THOUGHT OF BEING BACKWARDS OR UPSIDE DOWN. THEY MIGHT WEAR THEIR CLOTHES IN SIDE OUTSIDE. THEY MIGHT WEAR THEIR CLOTHES INSIDE OUT. IF FOOD WAS SCARCE HE WOULD COMPLAIN ABOUT HOW FULL HE WAS. IF IT WAS TOO HOT, HE WOULD COMPLAIN ABOUT HOW COLD IT WAS AND PUT ON A THICK BLANKET. DURING A SUN DANCE MIGHT TEMPT DANCERS TO DANCE BACKWARDS IN A CIRCLE TO SHOW RESPECT. HE IS A MIRROR AND TEACHER TO GET PEOPLE TO EXAMINE THEIR OWN DOUBTS. THEY HAD POWER TO HEAL EMOTIONAL PAIN. THEY VIOLATE THE NORM.
IN THE CHEROKEE TRIBE THEY HAD CLOWNS AS WELL USED TI INTERUPT THE DRAMA. THEY WERE CALLED BUGAS. THEY WOULD SAY ANYTHING TO MAKE A JOKE AND MAKE RUDE JESTERS TO ANNOY PEOPLE WHO WOULD LAUGH AND RELEASE THEMSELVES. THEY ARE ENTERTAINERS WHO WOULD PLAY AS A TRICKSTER AND USE TRICKERY IN ORDER TO SURVIVE CHALLENGES OF THE WORLD.
IN THE CHEROKEE TRIBE THEY HAD CLOWNS AS WELL USED TI INTERUPT THE DRAMA. THEY WERE CALLED BUGAS. THEY WOULD SAY ANYTHING TO MAKE A JOKE AND MAKE RUDE JESTERS TO ANNOY PEOPLE WHO WOULD LAUGH AND RELEASE THEMSELVES. THEY ARE ENTERTAINERS WHO WOULD PLAY AS A TRICKSTER AND USE TRICKERY IN ORDER TO SURVIVE CHALLENGES OF THE WORLD.
Friday, December 24, 2010
CALUSA INDIANS
THEY WERE NATIVE AMERICANS WHO LIVED ON THE COAST AND ALONG THE COAST OF FLORIDA'S SOUTHWEST. CALUSA DEVELOPED FROM ARCHAIC PEOPLE WHO LIVED IN THE EVERGLADES REGION. DURING EUROPEAN CONTACT THE CALUSA WERE PART OF CALOOSAHATCHEE CULTURE. THEY DEVELOPED A COMPLEX CULTURE AROUND FISHING VS AGRICULTURE. THEY PROBABLY ALSO OCCUPIED THE FLORIDA KEYS. THEIR POPULATION WAS MOST DENSE ON SOUTHERN FLORIDA THEIR POLITICAL CONTROL EXTENDED OVER OTHER TRIBES IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA AS WELL AS TO A TRIBE IN CENTRAL EAST COAST OF FLORIDA.
THE EARLY FRENCH AND SPANISH REFERRED TO THEIR CHIEF AS CALOS. THEY HELD A SPANIARD CAPTIVE IN THE 16TH CENTURY. PALEO- INDIANS WERE IN FLORIDA AT LEAST 12,000 YEARS AGO. BY 5000 B.C. PEOPLE LIVED IN VILLAGES NEAR THE WETLANDS. CERTAIN SITES WERE OCCUPIED BY MULTIPLE GENERATIONS. THEY ACCUMULATED LARGE SHELL MIDDENS. MANY PEOPLE LIVED IN LARGE VILLAGES WITH PURPOSED -BUILT MOUNDS. THEY CREATED FIRED POTTERY BY 2000 B.C. BY 500 B.C. THE ARCHAIC CULTURE BEGAN TO DEVELOP INTO DISTINCT REGIONS. THEY HAVE EVIDENCE THAT CHARLOTTE HARBOR AQUATIC RESOURCES WERE BEING INTENSIVELY EXPLOITED BEFORE 3500 B.C. THEIR POTTERY WAS FROM THE GLADES TRADITION AND DEVELOPED AROUND 500 A.D. TO 1750 AD, INCLUDING HISTORIC CALUSA. BY 800 A.D. THEY DEVELOPED A COMPLEX SOCIETY. ARTIFACTS CHANGED SLOWLY OVER THIS PERIOD WITH NO CHANGE IN TRADITIONS. THE POPULATION MIGHT HAVE MIGRATED FROM INLAND FLORIDA TO THE COASTAL REGION.
THEY HAD A STRATIFIED SOCIETY WITH COMMONERS, NOBLES AND LEADERS. LEADERS INCLUDED CHIEFS, A MILITARY LEADER, AND A CHIEF PRIEST. MOST OF THESE POSITIONS WERE SUCCEEDED BY RELATIVES. THE CHIEF MARRIED WOMEN FROM SUBJECT TOWNS AND ALLIED TRIBES. THEY SECURED ALLIANCES WITH THE SPANISH EXPLORERS AS WELL. THEIR DIET ALONG THE COAST CONSISTED OF FISH OF VARIOUS TYPES, TURTLES, AND LAND ANIMALS. AN ANALYSIS OF A HABITATION SITE FOUND MORE THAN 93% OF THEIR ENERGY CAME FROM ANIMALS, FISH, AND SHELLFISH; WITH LESS THAN 6% FROM MAMMALS. ALSO LESS THAN 1% CAME FROM BIRDS. THEY GATHERED WILD BERRIES, FRUITS, NUTS, ROOTS, AND OTHER PLANTS. ONLY 20% OF THEIR DIET CONSISTED OF WILD PLANTS THAT THEY GATHERED. THEY HAVE EVIDENCE THAT THEY CULTIVATED PAPAYA AND A GOURD SPECIES. THEIR FISH WERE CAUGHT WITH NETS MOSTLY. THE NETS WERE WOVEN WITH STANDARD AND VARIOUS MESH SIZES. THEY USE BONE AND SHELL GAUGES TO WEAVE THEIR NETS. THEY USED SPEARS, HOOKS, NETS FLOATS, AND HOOKS TO CATCH FISH.
SHELLS AND WOOD WERE USED TO MAKE HAMMERING AND POUNDING TOOLS. SHARK'S TEETH WERE USED FOR GRATING, CUTTING, AND CARVING AS WELL AS ENGRAVING. THEY WOVE NETS FROM PALM FIBER CORD, AS WELL AS CABBAGE PALM, AND FALSE SISAL, AND WILLOW TREES. FISH TRAPS WERE MADE FROM WOOD AND CORD. THEY MADE MASKS AND CARVED WOODEN PAINTED PLAQUES.
THEY LIVED IN COMMUNAL HOUSES. THE CHIEF'S HOUSE WAS THE COUNCIL HOUSE AND HELD 2,000 PEOPLE WITHOUT CROWDING. THEY WERE BUILT ON TOP OF EARTH WORKS MOUNDS. IN THE CAPITAL CITY, CALOS, THERE WERE 16 HOUSES WITH 1000 OCCUPANTS. THE MEN WORE DEERSKIN BREECH CLOTHS. THE WOMEN WORE SPANISH MOSS SKIRTS. THEY DID NOT WERE TATTOOS. WHEN THE MEN WERE CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY THEY CUT THEIR HAIR SHORT. THE CALUSA BELIEVED IN THREE SUPERNATURAL PEOPLE WHO RULED THE EARTH, AND THEY THOUGHT SOULS MIGRATED TO ANIMALS AFTER DEATH.
THE MOST POWERFUL LEADER GOVERNED THE LEADER GOVERNED THE PHYSICAL WORLD. THEY BELIEVED THAT THE THREE SOULS WERE THE PUPIL OF THE EYE, HIS SHADOW, AND HIS REFLECTION. THEY WOULD CONSULT WITH THE SOUL OF THE EYE'S PUPIL AFTER DEATH. THEY OTHER . THE OTHER TWO SOULS LEFT THE BODY AFTER DEATH AND ENTERED AN ANIMAL.
CALUSA CEREMONIES INCLUDED PROCESSIONS OF PRIESTS AND SINGING WOMEN. THEY WORE CARVED MASKS, WHICH WERE AT OTHER TIMES HUNG ON THE WALLS OF A TEMPLE. THEY REMAINED COMMITTED TO THEIR TRADITIONAL BELIEFS EVEN THOUGH THE SPANISH WANTED TO CONVERT THEM TO CATHOLICISM. THE NOBLES CONSIDERED THEMSELVES INTERMEDIARIES BETWEEN THE GODS. THEY RESISTED EUROPEAN AND SPANISH FOR 200 YEARS. BUT AFTER CATCHING EUROPEAN DISEASES, THE TRIBE WAS DESTROYED BY THE CREEK AND YAMASSEE RAIDERS EARLY IN THE 18TH CENTURY.
WIKIPEDIA
THE EARLY FRENCH AND SPANISH REFERRED TO THEIR CHIEF AS CALOS. THEY HELD A SPANIARD CAPTIVE IN THE 16TH CENTURY. PALEO- INDIANS WERE IN FLORIDA AT LEAST 12,000 YEARS AGO. BY 5000 B.C. PEOPLE LIVED IN VILLAGES NEAR THE WETLANDS. CERTAIN SITES WERE OCCUPIED BY MULTIPLE GENERATIONS. THEY ACCUMULATED LARGE SHELL MIDDENS. MANY PEOPLE LIVED IN LARGE VILLAGES WITH PURPOSED -BUILT MOUNDS. THEY CREATED FIRED POTTERY BY 2000 B.C. BY 500 B.C. THE ARCHAIC CULTURE BEGAN TO DEVELOP INTO DISTINCT REGIONS. THEY HAVE EVIDENCE THAT CHARLOTTE HARBOR AQUATIC RESOURCES WERE BEING INTENSIVELY EXPLOITED BEFORE 3500 B.C. THEIR POTTERY WAS FROM THE GLADES TRADITION AND DEVELOPED AROUND 500 A.D. TO 1750 AD, INCLUDING HISTORIC CALUSA. BY 800 A.D. THEY DEVELOPED A COMPLEX SOCIETY. ARTIFACTS CHANGED SLOWLY OVER THIS PERIOD WITH NO CHANGE IN TRADITIONS. THE POPULATION MIGHT HAVE MIGRATED FROM INLAND FLORIDA TO THE COASTAL REGION.
THEY HAD A STRATIFIED SOCIETY WITH COMMONERS, NOBLES AND LEADERS. LEADERS INCLUDED CHIEFS, A MILITARY LEADER, AND A CHIEF PRIEST. MOST OF THESE POSITIONS WERE SUCCEEDED BY RELATIVES. THE CHIEF MARRIED WOMEN FROM SUBJECT TOWNS AND ALLIED TRIBES. THEY SECURED ALLIANCES WITH THE SPANISH EXPLORERS AS WELL. THEIR DIET ALONG THE COAST CONSISTED OF FISH OF VARIOUS TYPES, TURTLES, AND LAND ANIMALS. AN ANALYSIS OF A HABITATION SITE FOUND MORE THAN 93% OF THEIR ENERGY CAME FROM ANIMALS, FISH, AND SHELLFISH; WITH LESS THAN 6% FROM MAMMALS. ALSO LESS THAN 1% CAME FROM BIRDS. THEY GATHERED WILD BERRIES, FRUITS, NUTS, ROOTS, AND OTHER PLANTS. ONLY 20% OF THEIR DIET CONSISTED OF WILD PLANTS THAT THEY GATHERED. THEY HAVE EVIDENCE THAT THEY CULTIVATED PAPAYA AND A GOURD SPECIES. THEIR FISH WERE CAUGHT WITH NETS MOSTLY. THE NETS WERE WOVEN WITH STANDARD AND VARIOUS MESH SIZES. THEY USE BONE AND SHELL GAUGES TO WEAVE THEIR NETS. THEY USED SPEARS, HOOKS, NETS FLOATS, AND HOOKS TO CATCH FISH.
SHELLS AND WOOD WERE USED TO MAKE HAMMERING AND POUNDING TOOLS. SHARK'S TEETH WERE USED FOR GRATING, CUTTING, AND CARVING AS WELL AS ENGRAVING. THEY WOVE NETS FROM PALM FIBER CORD, AS WELL AS CABBAGE PALM, AND FALSE SISAL, AND WILLOW TREES. FISH TRAPS WERE MADE FROM WOOD AND CORD. THEY MADE MASKS AND CARVED WOODEN PAINTED PLAQUES.
THEY LIVED IN COMMUNAL HOUSES. THE CHIEF'S HOUSE WAS THE COUNCIL HOUSE AND HELD 2,000 PEOPLE WITHOUT CROWDING. THEY WERE BUILT ON TOP OF EARTH WORKS MOUNDS. IN THE CAPITAL CITY, CALOS, THERE WERE 16 HOUSES WITH 1000 OCCUPANTS. THE MEN WORE DEERSKIN BREECH CLOTHS. THE WOMEN WORE SPANISH MOSS SKIRTS. THEY DID NOT WERE TATTOOS. WHEN THE MEN WERE CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY THEY CUT THEIR HAIR SHORT. THE CALUSA BELIEVED IN THREE SUPERNATURAL PEOPLE WHO RULED THE EARTH, AND THEY THOUGHT SOULS MIGRATED TO ANIMALS AFTER DEATH.
THE MOST POWERFUL LEADER GOVERNED THE LEADER GOVERNED THE PHYSICAL WORLD. THEY BELIEVED THAT THE THREE SOULS WERE THE PUPIL OF THE EYE, HIS SHADOW, AND HIS REFLECTION. THEY WOULD CONSULT WITH THE SOUL OF THE EYE'S PUPIL AFTER DEATH. THEY OTHER . THE OTHER TWO SOULS LEFT THE BODY AFTER DEATH AND ENTERED AN ANIMAL.
CALUSA CEREMONIES INCLUDED PROCESSIONS OF PRIESTS AND SINGING WOMEN. THEY WORE CARVED MASKS, WHICH WERE AT OTHER TIMES HUNG ON THE WALLS OF A TEMPLE. THEY REMAINED COMMITTED TO THEIR TRADITIONAL BELIEFS EVEN THOUGH THE SPANISH WANTED TO CONVERT THEM TO CATHOLICISM. THE NOBLES CONSIDERED THEMSELVES INTERMEDIARIES BETWEEN THE GODS. THEY RESISTED EUROPEAN AND SPANISH FOR 200 YEARS. BUT AFTER CATCHING EUROPEAN DISEASES, THE TRIBE WAS DESTROYED BY THE CREEK AND YAMASSEE RAIDERS EARLY IN THE 18TH CENTURY.
WIKIPEDIA
MY FAVORITE BUSINESS
WHEN I RAISED MY BABY BOY WHEN HE WAS UNDER SIX, I BEGAN AN ARTISTIC BUSINESS IN ORDER TO SPEND TIME RAISING MY SON. THIS GAVE ME AN OUTLET TO EXPRESS MY CREATIVITY WHILE I WAS HEALING, AND I BEGAN TO REDO OUR HOUSE AND FRONT AND BACKYARD GARDENS. MY BUSINESS BEGAN AS I HAD AN AHA MOMENT WATCHING SEVERAL PEOPLE BUILD INDOOR FOUNTAINS AT A CLASS I ATTENDED. I WAS ALWAYS FASCINATED WITH STONES AND GEMS OF ALL TYPES WHICH I PLACED IN THE FOUNTAINS. I ALSO COLLECTED STONE FROM THE BEACH AND FROM RIVERS. I CONTACTED SEVERAL POTTERS TO HAVE VARIOUS SHAPED CONTAINERS. I SENT AWAY FOR MOTORS OF FISH TANKS THAT RECIRCULATED THE WATER IN THE FOUNTAINS. I BUILT SEVERAL LARGE FOUNTAINS FOR ACUPUNCTURISTS IN DIFFERENT STATES. I USED MANY DIFFERENT ROCKS AND GEMS THAT I BOUGHT AT LANDSCAPE PLACES. I CARVED OUT LAVA ROCKS TO HOLD THE TUBES FOR THE FOUNTAIN WATER. SLATE AND ABALONE AND GEMS WERE USED IN THE CONTAINERS TO MAKE INTERESTING EARTHSCAPES. I ALSO INCLUDED WATER PLANTS - EACH FOUNTAIN WAS UNIQUE. I SOLD THEM MOSTLY AT GIFT AND BOOK STORES, AND I ATTENDED SEVERAL HEALTH AND OTHER FAIRS TO ATTRACT PEOPLE TO MY BUSINESS. IT WAS MORE OF A FUN HOBBY. I LEARNED THAT I ENJOYED SELLING MORE THAN MAKING THE FOUNTAINS AT THAT TIME. I EVEN SOLD THEM TO GIFT SHOPS IN MARIN COUNTY.
Thursday, December 23, 2010
COMANCHE INDIANS
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
THE BAND WAS THE PRIMARY SOCIAL UNIT TO COMANCHES. THE BAND MIGHT HAVE ABOUT 100 PEOPLE. SOME OF THE BANDS BROKE AWAY THEM. A GROUP OF ARAPAHOS MOVED INTO THE COMANCHERIA. THE SOUTHERN GROUP BECAME KNOWN AS PENATEKAS. THEY USED JOKES AND INSULTING NAMES TO NAME VARIOUS BANDS. THEY DID NOT NECESSARILY GET ALONG WITH THE SETTLERS. THEY FEARED THEM BECAUSE THEY RAIDED THE INDIANS. THE COMANCHE HAD WARS WITH THE STATE OF TEXAS. HOWEVER, THEY FINALLY AGREED TO A PEACE TREATY WITH THEM THAT HAS LASTED OVER 150 YEARS!
BY THE MID 1800'S THEIR POPULATION DECREASED DRAMATICALLY. DUE TO EUROPEAN DISEASES AND CHOLERA, SMALL POX AND MEASLES. IN THE 1860'S THE ARMY BEGAN MOVING THE COMANCHE INTO THE RESERVATIONS. THEY BUILT CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AND GAVE THEM MONEY FOR THEIR LANDS THE U.S. ACQUIRED (ABOUT 100,000 SQUARE MILES). THEY WANTED THEM TO STOP HUNTING THE BUFFALO ALSO. IN 1875 THE LAST FREE BAND OF COMANCHE WAS LED BY QUAHADA, A WARRIOR, TO SURRENDER AND MOVE TO FORT SILL. THEY HAD COUNCILS TO MAKE DECISIONS.
WOMEN SOMETIMES GAVE BIRTH TO THEIR BABIES ON THE TRAIL. SOME OF THE WOMEN WOULD HELP HER AND AFTER A FEW HOURS OF REST, SHE WOULD PUT THE BABY IN A CRADLEBOARD AND REJOIN THE THE GROUP! THE CRADLE BOARDS WERE MADE WITH A FLAT BOARD FOR THE BABY'S BACK AND A BASKET FROM WILLOW WAS WOVEN TO KEEP THE BABY INSIDE. IF IT WAS A COLD DAY THEY WRAPPED THEM IN A BLANKET. DRY MOSS OR LICHEN FROM TREES WAS USED FOR DIAPERS. THE WOMEN KEPT THEIR BABY IN A CRADLE BOARD FOR ABOUT 10 MONTHS. THE FATHER ASKED A MEDICINE MAN TO NAME HIS CHILD.
THEY LOOKED AT THEIR CHILDREN AS THEIR MOST PRECIOUS GIFT. THEY WERE RARELY PUNISHED. BOYS LEARNED TO HUNT AND GIRLS TO GATHER FOODS, COOK MEALS, PREPARE HIDES, AND MAKE TIPIS, AND SEW. THEY TYPICALLY USED BUFFALO HIDES. LATER THEY USED DEER HIDES. THEIR CLOTHING WAS MADE OF DEERSKIN. THEY USED MANY DESIGNS TO TATTOO THEIR BODY.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
THE BAND WAS THE PRIMARY SOCIAL UNIT TO COMANCHES. THE BAND MIGHT HAVE ABOUT 100 PEOPLE. SOME OF THE BANDS BROKE AWAY THEM. A GROUP OF ARAPAHOS MOVED INTO THE COMANCHERIA. THE SOUTHERN GROUP BECAME KNOWN AS PENATEKAS. THEY USED JOKES AND INSULTING NAMES TO NAME VARIOUS BANDS. THEY DID NOT NECESSARILY GET ALONG WITH THE SETTLERS. THEY FEARED THEM BECAUSE THEY RAIDED THE INDIANS. THE COMANCHE HAD WARS WITH THE STATE OF TEXAS. HOWEVER, THEY FINALLY AGREED TO A PEACE TREATY WITH THEM THAT HAS LASTED OVER 150 YEARS!
BY THE MID 1800'S THEIR POPULATION DECREASED DRAMATICALLY. DUE TO EUROPEAN DISEASES AND CHOLERA, SMALL POX AND MEASLES. IN THE 1860'S THE ARMY BEGAN MOVING THE COMANCHE INTO THE RESERVATIONS. THEY BUILT CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AND GAVE THEM MONEY FOR THEIR LANDS THE U.S. ACQUIRED (ABOUT 100,000 SQUARE MILES). THEY WANTED THEM TO STOP HUNTING THE BUFFALO ALSO. IN 1875 THE LAST FREE BAND OF COMANCHE WAS LED BY QUAHADA, A WARRIOR, TO SURRENDER AND MOVE TO FORT SILL. THEY HAD COUNCILS TO MAKE DECISIONS.
WOMEN SOMETIMES GAVE BIRTH TO THEIR BABIES ON THE TRAIL. SOME OF THE WOMEN WOULD HELP HER AND AFTER A FEW HOURS OF REST, SHE WOULD PUT THE BABY IN A CRADLEBOARD AND REJOIN THE THE GROUP! THE CRADLE BOARDS WERE MADE WITH A FLAT BOARD FOR THE BABY'S BACK AND A BASKET FROM WILLOW WAS WOVEN TO KEEP THE BABY INSIDE. IF IT WAS A COLD DAY THEY WRAPPED THEM IN A BLANKET. DRY MOSS OR LICHEN FROM TREES WAS USED FOR DIAPERS. THE WOMEN KEPT THEIR BABY IN A CRADLE BOARD FOR ABOUT 10 MONTHS. THE FATHER ASKED A MEDICINE MAN TO NAME HIS CHILD.
THEY LOOKED AT THEIR CHILDREN AS THEIR MOST PRECIOUS GIFT. THEY WERE RARELY PUNISHED. BOYS LEARNED TO HUNT AND GIRLS TO GATHER FOODS, COOK MEALS, PREPARE HIDES, AND MAKE TIPIS, AND SEW. THEY TYPICALLY USED BUFFALO HIDES. LATER THEY USED DEER HIDES. THEIR CLOTHING WAS MADE OF DEERSKIN. THEY USED MANY DESIGNS TO TATTOO THEIR BODY.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
MICMAK INDIANS
THESE INDIANS ARE A FIRST NATION INDIGENOUS TO NORTHEASTERN NEW ENGLAND AND CANADA. THEY HAVE A POPULATION OF ABOUT 40,000 OF WHEN NEARLY 11,000 SPEAK ALGONQUIN LANGUAGE MORE THAN MICMAK. APPARENTLY THEIR NAME MEANSTHE FAMILY OR RED EARTH. THEIR TERRITORY WAS DIVIDED INTO SEVEN TRADITIONAL DISTRICTS. EACH DISTRICT HAD IT'S OWN GOVERNMENT AND BOUNDARIES.
THE COUNCIL MEMBERS WERE BAND CHIEF ELDERS AND OTHER WORTHY COMMUNITY LEADERS. IN ADDITION TO THE DISTRICT COUNCILS THEIR WAS THE GRAND COUNCIL WITH CAPTAINS. THERE WERE ELDERS WHO DEALT WITH THE TREATIES WITH THE NON-NATIVE TRIBES. THERE WAS A GRAND CHIEF GIVEN TO ONE OF THE DISTRICT CHIEFS. THIS WAS A HEREDITY TITLE. THE GRAND COUNCIL MET ON AN ISLAND IN MNIKU AND TODAY IT STILL MEETS THERE.
THE MICMAK WERE MEMBERS OF AN ALLIANCE WITH FOUR OTHER NATIONS. THIS TRIBAL ALLIANCE STILL EXISTS TODAY. BY 1610 THEIR GRAND CHIEF WAS CONVERTED TO CATHOLICISM. AND BAPTIZED. HE ALLIED WITH FRENCH JESUITS AND THE MICMAK COULD CHOOSE CATHOLICISM. OR MICMAK TRADITION. AFTER 1710 THE MICMAK USED THE MILITARY FORCE AGAINST THE BRITISH. THE MILITARY RESISTANCE ENDED WITH THE FRENCH DEFEAT AT THE SIEGE OF LOUISBORG. AFTER THE WAR, THEY FELT OVERWHELMED BY THE BRITISH WHO SEIZED THEIR LAND WITHOUT PAYMENT.
BETWEEN 1720 TO 1779 THE MICMAK SIGNED A SERIES OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP TREATIES. WITH GREAT BRITAIN. BUT THEY DID NOT GET LAND BACK. LATER THEY SETTLED ALSO IN NEWFOUNDLAND WHICH HAD BEEN WHERE THE BEOTHUK TRIBE ONCE LIVED. HOWEVER, THEY BECAME EXTINCT. THE MICMAK HAD THERE FIRST INTERNATIONAL TREATY OF WATERTOWN AFTER OUR U.S. GAINED INDEPENDENCE IN 1776. SOME OF THE THE MICMAK JOINED THE CONTINENTAL ARMY. IN 2010 CANADA AND NOVA SCOTIA SIGNED AGREEMENTS WITH THE MICMAK COUNCIL. THIS WAS THE FIRST COLLABORATION IN CANADIAN HISTORY.
PRECONTACT POPULATION IS ESTIMATED AT 50 TO 100,000. IN 1616 THE MICMAK POPULATION DROPPED TO 3000 DUE TO EUROPEAN DISEASES. AND ALCOHOLISM LED FURTHER TO THE DECLINE OF THEIR POPULATION. AFTER 1750 THEIR POPULATION INCREASED AND BECAME STABLE DURING THE 1800'S. THEIR POPULATION CELEBRATES TREATY DAY ANNUALLY ON OCTOBER 1ST. 1752 WAS
THE FIRST SIGNIFIED YEAR WITH THE PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP TREATY. AS LONG AS THEY CONTINUED IN PEACE THEY WOULD BE GIVEN GIFTS.
IN MICMAK MYTHOLOGY EVILNESS AMONG MEN CAUSED THEM TO KILL EACH OTHER CAUSING GREAT SADNESS TO THE SUN GOD. THIS CAUSED A GREAT FLOOD. THE PEOPLE TRY TO SURVIVE USING THEIR CANOES, BUT ONLY AN OLD MAN AND AN OLD WOMAN SURVIVE TO POPULATE THE WORLD.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
THE COUNCIL MEMBERS WERE BAND CHIEF ELDERS AND OTHER WORTHY COMMUNITY LEADERS. IN ADDITION TO THE DISTRICT COUNCILS THEIR WAS THE GRAND COUNCIL WITH CAPTAINS. THERE WERE ELDERS WHO DEALT WITH THE TREATIES WITH THE NON-NATIVE TRIBES. THERE WAS A GRAND CHIEF GIVEN TO ONE OF THE DISTRICT CHIEFS. THIS WAS A HEREDITY TITLE. THE GRAND COUNCIL MET ON AN ISLAND IN MNIKU AND TODAY IT STILL MEETS THERE.
THE MICMAK WERE MEMBERS OF AN ALLIANCE WITH FOUR OTHER NATIONS. THIS TRIBAL ALLIANCE STILL EXISTS TODAY. BY 1610 THEIR GRAND CHIEF WAS CONVERTED TO CATHOLICISM. AND BAPTIZED. HE ALLIED WITH FRENCH JESUITS AND THE MICMAK COULD CHOOSE CATHOLICISM. OR MICMAK TRADITION. AFTER 1710 THE MICMAK USED THE MILITARY FORCE AGAINST THE BRITISH. THE MILITARY RESISTANCE ENDED WITH THE FRENCH DEFEAT AT THE SIEGE OF LOUISBORG. AFTER THE WAR, THEY FELT OVERWHELMED BY THE BRITISH WHO SEIZED THEIR LAND WITHOUT PAYMENT.
BETWEEN 1720 TO 1779 THE MICMAK SIGNED A SERIES OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP TREATIES. WITH GREAT BRITAIN. BUT THEY DID NOT GET LAND BACK. LATER THEY SETTLED ALSO IN NEWFOUNDLAND WHICH HAD BEEN WHERE THE BEOTHUK TRIBE ONCE LIVED. HOWEVER, THEY BECAME EXTINCT. THE MICMAK HAD THERE FIRST INTERNATIONAL TREATY OF WATERTOWN AFTER OUR U.S. GAINED INDEPENDENCE IN 1776. SOME OF THE THE MICMAK JOINED THE CONTINENTAL ARMY. IN 2010 CANADA AND NOVA SCOTIA SIGNED AGREEMENTS WITH THE MICMAK COUNCIL. THIS WAS THE FIRST COLLABORATION IN CANADIAN HISTORY.
PRECONTACT POPULATION IS ESTIMATED AT 50 TO 100,000. IN 1616 THE MICMAK POPULATION DROPPED TO 3000 DUE TO EUROPEAN DISEASES. AND ALCOHOLISM LED FURTHER TO THE DECLINE OF THEIR POPULATION. AFTER 1750 THEIR POPULATION INCREASED AND BECAME STABLE DURING THE 1800'S. THEIR POPULATION CELEBRATES TREATY DAY ANNUALLY ON OCTOBER 1ST. 1752 WAS
THE FIRST SIGNIFIED YEAR WITH THE PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP TREATY. AS LONG AS THEY CONTINUED IN PEACE THEY WOULD BE GIVEN GIFTS.
IN MICMAK MYTHOLOGY EVILNESS AMONG MEN CAUSED THEM TO KILL EACH OTHER CAUSING GREAT SADNESS TO THE SUN GOD. THIS CAUSED A GREAT FLOOD. THE PEOPLE TRY TO SURVIVE USING THEIR CANOES, BUT ONLY AN OLD MAN AND AN OLD WOMAN SURVIVE TO POPULATE THE WORLD.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
LUNAR ECLIPSES
ON THE WINTER SOLSTICE OF DECEMBER 21ST THERE WAS A TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE. THE MOON WAS RED AND BROWN AND DISAPPEARED BEHIND THE SHADOWS OF THE EARTH. IT WAS AN INTERESTING ECLIPSE SINCE THE MOON IS AT IT'S HIGHEST POINT IN THE SKY. IT IS THE 1ST TIME IN 400 HUNDRED YEARS THAT IT HAS HAPPENED ON THE WINTER SOLSTICE! THERE WAS ANOTHER LUNAR ECLIPSE IN JUNE ON THE 26TH. THIS ONE COVERED 54% OF THE MOON SHADOW. THE ECLIPSE IS PART OF A LUNAR SAROS 120 SERIES REPEATING EVERY 18 YEARS AND 10 DAYS. THE FINAL PARTIAL LUNAR SAROS 120 SERIES REPEATING EVERY 18 YEARS AND 10 DAYS. THE FINAL PARTIAL LUNAR ECLIPSE WILL OCCUR IN JULY 2064
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
APALACHEE INDIANS
THESE INDIANS ARE ORIGINALLY FROM THE PANHANDLE OF FLORIDA AND NOW THEY LIVE IN LOUISIANA. THEIR HISTORICAL TERRITORY WAS KNOWN FOR TO THE SPANISH COLONISTS AS THE APALACHEE PROVINCE. THEY OCCUPIED VELDA MOUND AROUND 1450 CE. BY THE 17TH CENTURY THEY ABANDONED IT TO MOVE TO THE APALACHEE BAY. THEY SPOKE MUSKOGEE WHICH IS NOW EXTINCT. ONCE EUROPEANS MOVED IN THEY WERE FORCED TO MOVE TO LOUISIANA NEAR RAPIDES PARISH.
ABOUT 1100 A.D. THESE PEOPLE BEGAN TO CULTIVATE CROPS. AGRICULTURE BECAME IMPORTANT TO THEM. IT WAS PART OF THE FORT WATTON CULTURE, A FLORIDA CULTURE, INFLUENCED BY MISSISSIPPI CULTURE. THEY GREW SURPLUS CROPS AND THEN SETTLED INTO LARGER VILLAGES. THEY SPECIALIZED IN THE ARTISTIC GOODS. AT THE TIME WHEN DE SOTO ARRIVED IN 1540, THE APALACHEE LIVED IN VARIOUS SIZED VILLAGES, AND SOME LIVED ON FARMSTEADS.
SOME OF THEIR ABORIGINAL VILLAGES ARE PROTECTED IN LAKE JACKSON MOUNDS ARCHAEOLOGICAL STATE PARK. THIS IS WHERE THE LARGEST COMMUNITY WAS WITH SEVERAL MOUNDS AND 200 HOUSES. THEY WERE FARMERS OF CORN, BEANS SQUASH, PUMPKINS. AND SUNFLOWERS. THEY ALSO COLLECTED VARIOUS WILD PLANTS, HICKORY NUTS, AND ACORNS. THEY HUNTED AND OF COURSE ATE FISH FROM THE OCEAN. THEY HAD AN EXPANSIVE TRADE NETWORK ALL THE WAY TO THE GREAT LAKES. THEY MADE SHELLS, SHARKS TEETH, DRIED FISH AND TURTLE MEAT AND OTHER ITEMS FOR TRADE. THEY MADE POTTERY, WOVE CLOTH, AND CURED BUCKSKINS. THEIR HOUSES WERE FROM CYPRESS AND POPLAR TREES AND COVERED WITH PALMS LEAVES. THEY MADE OVEN UNDER THE GROUND. THEY STORED THEIR MEAT, ETC. IN PITS LINED WITH MATTING. THE APALACHEE WORE DEERSKIN LOINCLOTHS. THE WOMEN MADE SKIRTS OF SPANISH MOSS OR OTHER FIBERS. THEY DID USE FACE TATTOOS. THE MEN SMOKED CEREMONIAL TOBACCO. THEY ARE CONSIDERED AS THE MOST ADVANCED INDIGENOUS NATION IN FLORIDA.
TWO SPANISH EXPEDITIONS ENCOUNTERED THE APALACHEE IN 1650. HOWEVER, THE APALACHEE OVERPOWERED THEM. IN 1650 HOWEVER THEM. IN 1539 DE SOTO CAME BACK HERE SEEKING GOLD AND THE APALACHEE HATED THE SPANISH BECAUSE OF PREVIOUS TENSION. THE APALACHEE WERE PREPARED AND KILLED MANY OF THEIR HORSES AND THE SPANISH LEFT THEM ALONE. TODAY THE TRIBE IS LOCATED IN LOUISIANA AND HAS ABOUT 300 MEMBERS.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
ABOUT 1100 A.D. THESE PEOPLE BEGAN TO CULTIVATE CROPS. AGRICULTURE BECAME IMPORTANT TO THEM. IT WAS PART OF THE FORT WATTON CULTURE, A FLORIDA CULTURE, INFLUENCED BY MISSISSIPPI CULTURE. THEY GREW SURPLUS CROPS AND THEN SETTLED INTO LARGER VILLAGES. THEY SPECIALIZED IN THE ARTISTIC GOODS. AT THE TIME WHEN DE SOTO ARRIVED IN 1540, THE APALACHEE LIVED IN VARIOUS SIZED VILLAGES, AND SOME LIVED ON FARMSTEADS.
SOME OF THEIR ABORIGINAL VILLAGES ARE PROTECTED IN LAKE JACKSON MOUNDS ARCHAEOLOGICAL STATE PARK. THIS IS WHERE THE LARGEST COMMUNITY WAS WITH SEVERAL MOUNDS AND 200 HOUSES. THEY WERE FARMERS OF CORN, BEANS SQUASH, PUMPKINS. AND SUNFLOWERS. THEY ALSO COLLECTED VARIOUS WILD PLANTS, HICKORY NUTS, AND ACORNS. THEY HUNTED AND OF COURSE ATE FISH FROM THE OCEAN. THEY HAD AN EXPANSIVE TRADE NETWORK ALL THE WAY TO THE GREAT LAKES. THEY MADE SHELLS, SHARKS TEETH, DRIED FISH AND TURTLE MEAT AND OTHER ITEMS FOR TRADE. THEY MADE POTTERY, WOVE CLOTH, AND CURED BUCKSKINS. THEIR HOUSES WERE FROM CYPRESS AND POPLAR TREES AND COVERED WITH PALMS LEAVES. THEY MADE OVEN UNDER THE GROUND. THEY STORED THEIR MEAT, ETC. IN PITS LINED WITH MATTING. THE APALACHEE WORE DEERSKIN LOINCLOTHS. THE WOMEN MADE SKIRTS OF SPANISH MOSS OR OTHER FIBERS. THEY DID USE FACE TATTOOS. THE MEN SMOKED CEREMONIAL TOBACCO. THEY ARE CONSIDERED AS THE MOST ADVANCED INDIGENOUS NATION IN FLORIDA.
TWO SPANISH EXPEDITIONS ENCOUNTERED THE APALACHEE IN 1650. HOWEVER, THE APALACHEE OVERPOWERED THEM. IN 1650 HOWEVER THEM. IN 1539 DE SOTO CAME BACK HERE SEEKING GOLD AND THE APALACHEE HATED THE SPANISH BECAUSE OF PREVIOUS TENSION. THE APALACHEE WERE PREPARED AND KILLED MANY OF THEIR HORSES AND THE SPANISH LEFT THEM ALONE. TODAY THE TRIBE IS LOCATED IN LOUISIANA AND HAS ABOUT 300 MEMBERS.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
SEMINOLE INDIANS
THIS TRIBE ORIGINALLY LIVED IN FLORIDA. THEY PRIMARILY LIVE IN OKLAHOMA. THE SEMINOLE WERE A GROUP OF TRIBES INCLUDING CREEKS FROM GEORGIA AND ALALABAMA WHO SETTLED IN FLORIDA. THE WORD SEMINOLE IS SPANISH FOR MICCOSUKEE, WHO WERE RECOGNIZED AS A SEPARATE TRIBE IN 1962.
AFTER DISTANCING THEMSELVES FROM THE CREEKS THEY ESTABLISHED A THRIVING TRADE NETWORK DURING THE BRITISH AND SECOND SPANISH PERIODS (1767 - 1821). THE TRIBE EXPANDED CONSIDERABLY AND WAS FURTHER SUPPLEMENTED FROM THE LATE 18TH CENTURY WITH THE FREE BLACK SEMINOLES OR BLACKS WHO HAD ESCAPED FROM SLAVERY WHO SETTLED INTO COMMUNITIES NEAR SEMINOLE TOWNS. THEY LIVED WITH THE INDIANS AND PAID THEM TO BE PROTECTED FROM SLAVERY.
HOWEVER IN 1818 - 1860 THERE WERE A SERIES OF WARS BETWEEN THE SEMINOLES AND THE U.S. FOLKS IN THE NORTH. THEY WERE FORCED TO MOVE WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI. AS THESE FOLKS REMOVED THEM FROM THEIR ORIGINAL LANDS. FEWER THAN 200 SEMINOLES REMAIN IN FLORIDA AND THESE FOLKS FOCUSED ON THEIR TRADITIONAL CUSTOMS AND CULTURAL TRADITIONS. MOST OF THEM SPEAK MIKASUKI AND SOME CREEK AND SOME ENGLISH.
THE GREEN CORN DANCE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND IS CELEBRATED AMONG CREEK AS WELL. THEY RITUALLY USE TOBACCO. THEY CONSTRUCTED OPEN AIR THATCHED ROOFED HOUSES OR CHICKIES. IN THE LATE 1800'S THE SEMINOLES ESTABLISHED A 5000 ACRE RESERVE IN FLORIDA. BY 1957 THEY RECEIVED FEDERAL RECOGNITION. MY FAMILY OF ORIGIN HAS VISITED THE RESERVATION AND THEY ATTRACT FOREIGN TOURISTS. THEN MEN HAVE AN INTERESTING AND CHALLENGING EVENT OF DANCING IN A RING WITH RATTLESNAKES! THE WOMEN MAKE BEAUTIFUL MISTAKES.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
AFTER DISTANCING THEMSELVES FROM THE CREEKS THEY ESTABLISHED A THRIVING TRADE NETWORK DURING THE BRITISH AND SECOND SPANISH PERIODS (1767 - 1821). THE TRIBE EXPANDED CONSIDERABLY AND WAS FURTHER SUPPLEMENTED FROM THE LATE 18TH CENTURY WITH THE FREE BLACK SEMINOLES OR BLACKS WHO HAD ESCAPED FROM SLAVERY WHO SETTLED INTO COMMUNITIES NEAR SEMINOLE TOWNS. THEY LIVED WITH THE INDIANS AND PAID THEM TO BE PROTECTED FROM SLAVERY.
HOWEVER IN 1818 - 1860 THERE WERE A SERIES OF WARS BETWEEN THE SEMINOLES AND THE U.S. FOLKS IN THE NORTH. THEY WERE FORCED TO MOVE WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI. AS THESE FOLKS REMOVED THEM FROM THEIR ORIGINAL LANDS. FEWER THAN 200 SEMINOLES REMAIN IN FLORIDA AND THESE FOLKS FOCUSED ON THEIR TRADITIONAL CUSTOMS AND CULTURAL TRADITIONS. MOST OF THEM SPEAK MIKASUKI AND SOME CREEK AND SOME ENGLISH.
THE GREEN CORN DANCE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND IS CELEBRATED AMONG CREEK AS WELL. THEY RITUALLY USE TOBACCO. THEY CONSTRUCTED OPEN AIR THATCHED ROOFED HOUSES OR CHICKIES. IN THE LATE 1800'S THE SEMINOLES ESTABLISHED A 5000 ACRE RESERVE IN FLORIDA. BY 1957 THEY RECEIVED FEDERAL RECOGNITION. MY FAMILY OF ORIGIN HAS VISITED THE RESERVATION AND THEY ATTRACT FOREIGN TOURISTS. THEN MEN HAVE AN INTERESTING AND CHALLENGING EVENT OF DANCING IN A RING WITH RATTLESNAKES! THE WOMEN MAKE BEAUTIFUL MISTAKES.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
MY NEW PLAN
I PLAN TO HAVE A NEW BUSINESS MANUFACTURING SILK FLOWERS AND SILK TREES THAT ARE ALL NATIVE TO NORTHERN CALIFORNIA. THE FACT THAT I'M AN ETHNOBOTANIST MEANS THAT I'D DIRECT AN ARTIST TO DRAW SOME IMAGES OF THE NATIVE PLANTS THAT WERE USED FOR FOOD BY THE NATIVE AMERICANS OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA. THESE PLANTS WOULD INCLUDE MANY OAKS, HICKORY, BAY LAUREL, PONDEROSA PINE, DIGGER PINE, MANZANITA, DOUGLAS FIR, MADRONE, CATTAILS, SEDGES, NATIVE GRASSES, MULE EARS, CURLY DOCK, MAIDENHAIR FERN, BRISTLECONE PINE, WILD RICE, CLOVER, MINER'S LETTUCE, MONKEY FLOWER, BUTTERCUP, LILAC SPECIES, CEONOTHUS, MT. MAHOGANY, SOAPROOT, ELDERBERRY TREES, BLACKBERRIES, GOOSEBERRY, YAMPA, RASPBERRIES, BUCKEYES, TOYON, ANGELICA ROOT, YERBA BUENA, MINTS, SWORD FERN, BURDOCK, BALSOM ROOT, YERBA SANTA, BLACK AND WHITE WILLOW, FIDDLENECK, TULE, CLARKIA, WILD ROSE, CEONOTHUS, SAGE, COW PARSNIP, AND CHICORY.
THESE SILK FLOWERS WILL BE OFFERED FOR SALE TO GIFT STORES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY THAT HAVE NATURE THEMES. IT WILL BRING PEOPLE HAPPINESS WHO ARE NOT ABLE TO ENJOY THE OUTDOORS BECAUSE OF VARIOUS DISABILITIES. AND IT WILL BE OF INTEREST TO THOSE NATURE LOVERS WHO ARE ARTISTIC AND WANT TO CREATE SPECIAL NOOKS IN THEIR OFFICES OR IN THEIR HOMES THAT REMIND THEM OF OUR SPIRITUAL CALIFORNIA FLORA.
THESE SILK FLOWERS WILL BE OFFERED FOR SALE TO GIFT STORES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY THAT HAVE NATURE THEMES. IT WILL BRING PEOPLE HAPPINESS WHO ARE NOT ABLE TO ENJOY THE OUTDOORS BECAUSE OF VARIOUS DISABILITIES. AND IT WILL BE OF INTEREST TO THOSE NATURE LOVERS WHO ARE ARTISTIC AND WANT TO CREATE SPECIAL NOOKS IN THEIR OFFICES OR IN THEIR HOMES THAT REMIND THEM OF OUR SPIRITUAL CALIFORNIA FLORA.
MY FAVORITE HIKE IS IN YOSEMITE
MY FAVORITE HIKE IS IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK. IT IS CALLED THE HIKE TO UPPER YOSEMITE AND IT IS 7.2 MILES ROUND TRIP. IT TAKES MOST OF A DAY AND EVEN IN THE SUMMER YOU CAN SEE SNOW ON DISTANT PEAKS. IT IS A WINDY UPWARD CRAW TO THE TOP OF UPPER FALLS AND ABOUT 1/2 OF THE TRAIL IS SHADED BY TREES. THERE ARE DEER VISIBLE AND SOME OCCASIONAL SNAKES AND BEARS. THIS FALLS IS 2400' TALL AND IS THE 5TH TALLEST FALLS IN THE WORLD. IT IS QUITE DRAMATIC AS IT DROPS 1500' TO MIDDLE CASCADE AND THEN TUMBLES ANOTHER 700' DOWN.
YOU SHOULD BE SURE TO BRING STURDY HIKING BOOT AND A HIKING STICK TO PREVENT FALLING. DRESS IN MULTIPLE LAYERS OF CLOTHS AS IT GETS COLDER ONCE YOU HIKE TO THE TOP.
EACH STOPPING POINT HAS A FANTASTIC VIEW OF THE MOUNTAIN RANGES. I NOTICED THE LAST TIME I WAS THERE AN ASSORTMENT OF DIFFERENT BIRDS AT THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT VEGETATION TYPES IN THE VARIOUS ELEVATIONS.
YOU CAN NOTICE A CHANGE IN THE SOIL TYPES AS WELL AS YOU CLIMB TO DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS. I HIGHLY RECOMMEND THIS TRAIL AS WELL AS THE PANORAMA TRAIL IN YOSEMITE WHICH TAKES QUITE A BIT LONGER TO HIKE AS IT SHIFTS THROUGH VARIOUS ELEVATIONS THAT ARE ROCKY AND SLIPPERY DUE TO THE FALLS.
YOU SHOULD BE SURE TO BRING STURDY HIKING BOOT AND A HIKING STICK TO PREVENT FALLING. DRESS IN MULTIPLE LAYERS OF CLOTHS AS IT GETS COLDER ONCE YOU HIKE TO THE TOP.
EACH STOPPING POINT HAS A FANTASTIC VIEW OF THE MOUNTAIN RANGES. I NOTICED THE LAST TIME I WAS THERE AN ASSORTMENT OF DIFFERENT BIRDS AT THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT VEGETATION TYPES IN THE VARIOUS ELEVATIONS.
YOU CAN NOTICE A CHANGE IN THE SOIL TYPES AS WELL AS YOU CLIMB TO DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS. I HIGHLY RECOMMEND THIS TRAIL AS WELL AS THE PANORAMA TRAIL IN YOSEMITE WHICH TAKES QUITE A BIT LONGER TO HIKE AS IT SHIFTS THROUGH VARIOUS ELEVATIONS THAT ARE ROCKY AND SLIPPERY DUE TO THE FALLS.
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
ABENAKE NATION
THE ABENAKI TRIBE IS A MEMBER OF THE WOBANAKE CONFEDERACY WHO ARE ADVISERS OF THE IROQUOIS. THESE ALLIES SPEAK RELATED LANGUAGES WHICH MEAN PEOPLE FROM THE EAST. TODAY 2000 ABENAKIS LIVE ON TWO RESERVES IN QUEBEC, AND 10,000 LIVE IN AREAS IN NEW ENGLAND. IN QUEBEC THEY OWN THEIR LAND AND THEY SPEAK FRENCH NOW. THEY LIVE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE, VERMONT AND MAINE. THERE ARE THREE BANDS. ABENAKI HISTORY IS INTERESTING AND IMPORTANT AND THEY ARE STILL HERE TODAY. THEIR LANGUAGE IS ENDANGERED AS CHILDREN DON'T WANT TO LEARN IT AND DON'T UNDERSTAND IT.
THE DRUM CALLS FOLKS INTO THE CIRCLE AND THEY FORM INTO PROCESSION. THE ELDERS LEAD THE CIRCLE AND THE MEN LEAD THE PROCESSION, THEN THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN COME. THEN SOME YOUNG WARRIORS FOLLOW.THEY SING A WELCOME SONG. THEY DO ROUND DANCES, GREEN CORN, PINE NEEDLE DANCE, SNAKE DANCE, AND ANIMAL CLAN DANCE.A COMMUNAL FEAST IS HELD AFTER THE DAYTIME DANCING STOPS. AT NIGHT TIME A FIRE IS IN THE CIRCLE AND SOCIAL DANCING BEGINS AND THEY MAKE NEW FRIENDS.
PRIOR TO MARRIAGE THE FAMILIES EXCHANGE GIFTS. A MARRIAGE CEREMONY IS A MAJOR GATHERING FOR FAMILIES. A CIRCLE IS FORMED WITH THE MARRIAGE PARTY IN THE CENTER. ALL KINDS OF SONGS WERE SUNG. A MARRIAGE POLE IS PUT IN PLACE AT THE EASTERN ENTRANCE OF THE CIRCLE AND A BLANKET IS PLACED AT THE BASE OF THE POLE FOR GIFTS.
THEY HAD A DIVERSION OF LABOR AND RELIGIOUS BELIEF. WOMEN COLLECTED ALL TYPES OF BERRIES, NUTS, ROOTS, RICE, ONIONS, CHIVES, GARLIC, CABBAGE, AND OTHER PLANTS. THEY GATHERED HERBS FOR MEDICINES TO EAT. THEY PLANTED CROPS OF CORN, BEANS, AND SQUASH. THEY WERE DRIED AND COULD BE USED DURING THE WINTER. THEY ALSO PLANTED SNOW PEAS, CUCUMBERS AND GOURDS. THE MEN HUNTED AND TRAPPED WILD GAME SUCH AS MOOSE, DEER, RABBIT, TURKEY FOR FOOD ANDMADE IT INTO VENISON. THEY ASLO CAUGHT FISH USING NETS - TURTLES, CLAMS, SALMON, AND TROUT. A HUNTER'S BOUNTY WAS SHARED BY ALL AND HE KEPT A BASIC SUPPLY OF FOOD FOR HIS FAMILY.
SOMETIMES THEIR MEN WENT TO WAR TO PROTECT THEIR FAMILIES. BOTH GENDERS TOLD STORIES, MADE ARTWORK, PLAYED INSTRUMENTS, AND USED TRADITIONAL MEDICINE. IN THE PAST ONLY MEN WERE CHIEFS, BUT TODAY WOMEN CAN BE CHIEFS.
THEIR DECISION MAKING PROCESS IS SOMETHING THE ABENAKI ENGAGE IN WHEN THEY HAVE TO MAKE GROUP DECISIONS FOR THE BEST OF ALL THEIR PEOPLE. CONSENSUS MEANS THAT ALL UNDERSTAND THE DECISIONS NOT THAT ALL AGREE. THE NEEDS AND ATTITUDES OF ALL ARE INVOLVED AND THEY BRING THEIR IDEAS INTO THE DISCUSSION. THE SMALLEST GROUP DELIBERATES ON AN ISSUE OR MATTER. THE LEADER REPORTS THEIR DECISION TO THE FACILITATOR. IF THEIR IS DISAGREEMENT, THEY ARE ASKED TO DELIBERATE AGAIN. THE FACILITATOR KEEPS ASKING THEM TO TALK THINGS OVER UNTIL A CONSENSUS IS MADE.
THREE TRUTHS ARE INVOLVED -WHEN AN ISSUE IS DISCUSSED, THE GROUPS CONSIDER THE GOOD AND THE BAD.
1) PEACE - DOES IT PRESERVE PEACE?
2) RIGHTEOUSNESS - IS IT MORALLY CORRECT?
3) POWER - DOES IT PRESERVE THE PRESENT AND FUTURE INTEGRITY? NO ONE CAN IMPOSE THEIR WILL OR MAKE A DECISION FOR ANOTHER. ALL MUST UNDERSTAND THE VIEWPOINT AND AGREE OF THEIR OWN FREE WILL.
A PRAYER: OD GREAT SPIRIT WHOSE VOICE I HEAR IN THE WINDS AND WHOSE BREATH GIVES LIFE TO THE WORLD, HEAR ME. I AM ONE OF YOU CHILDREN, SMALL AND WEEK. I NEED YOUR STRENGTH AND WISDOM. LET ME WALK IN BEAUTY AND MAKE MY EYES EVER BEHOLD. THE RED SUNSET MAKES WISE HANDS RESPECT THE THINGS YOU HAVE MADE, MAKE MY EARS SHARP TO HEAR YOUR VOICE. MAKE ME EVER READY TO COME TO YOU WHEN LIFE FADES AS A SUNSET, MY SPIRIT MAY COME TO YOU WITHOUT SHAME.
THEY USED TO BUILD AND LIVE IN BIRCH BARK WIGWAMS. TODAY THEY LIVE IN MODERN HOUSES. THEIR ABORIGINAL CLOTHING FOR MEN WAS BREECH CLOTHS; THEIR WOMEN WORE WRAPS AROUND DEERSKIN SKIRTS AND NO SHIRTS! THEY MADE DECORATED MOCASSINS WITH GLASS BEADS. SOME OF THEIR CHIEFS WOULD WEAR TALL FEATHERED HEADDRESSES. THEY DID NOT PAINT THEIR SKIN WITH TATTOOS. THEY WERE WELL KNOWN FOR THEIR BIRCH BARK CANOES.
NATIVE -LANGUAGES.ORG
BIGORRIN.ORG
THEIR CHIEFS ARE CALLED SAGAMA IN THEIR LANGUAGE, AND THEY HAVE NO FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED TRIBES IN THE U.S. THEIR GATHERINGS OF TODAY ARE NOT DONE AS THEY WERE BEFORE. THEY HAVE POWWOWS THAT ARE PERFORMED PER COMMERCIAL AND ENTERTAINMENT PURPOSES. PRIOR TO CONTACT THE EASTERN WOODLAND PROBABLY HELD SMALL GATHERINGS TO CELEBRATE. MARRIAGE, DEATH, THE PLANTING MOON, THE HARVEST MOON, WARFARE, AND TRADING, WOULD BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER. THEIR GATHERINGS ARE MORE TRADITIONAL AND ARTISTIC. THEY USUALLY HAVE AT LEAST 100 CARS AT A TIME AT A CEREMONY.
AT SUNRISE EACH DAY OF THE GATHERING THE SPIRITUAL LEADERS GATHER INTO A CIRCLE TO SMOKE AND MAKE PRAYERS FOR THE GATHERING. THEY ASK THE CREATOR, MOTHER EARTH , FATHER SKY AND THE FOUR DIRECTIONS TO BLESS THE GATHERING. THEY MAKE OTHER OFFERINGS.
THE DRUM CALLS FOLKS INTO THE CIRCLE AND THEY FORM INTO PROCESSION. THE ELDERS LEAD THE CIRCLE AND THE MEN LEAD THE PROCESSION, THEN THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN COME. THEN SOME YOUNG WARRIORS FOLLOW.THEY SING A WELCOME SONG. THEY DO ROUND DANCES, GREEN CORN, PINE NEEDLE DANCE, SNAKE DANCE, AND ANIMAL CLAN DANCE.A COMMUNAL FEAST IS HELD AFTER THE DAYTIME DANCING STOPS. AT NIGHT TIME A FIRE IS IN THE CIRCLE AND SOCIAL DANCING BEGINS AND THEY MAKE NEW FRIENDS.
PRIOR TO MARRIAGE THE FAMILIES EXCHANGE GIFTS. A MARRIAGE CEREMONY IS A MAJOR GATHERING FOR FAMILIES. A CIRCLE IS FORMED WITH THE MARRIAGE PARTY IN THE CENTER. ALL KINDS OF SONGS WERE SUNG. A MARRIAGE POLE IS PUT IN PLACE AT THE EASTERN ENTRANCE OF THE CIRCLE AND A BLANKET IS PLACED AT THE BASE OF THE POLE FOR GIFTS.
THEY HAD A DIVERSION OF LABOR AND RELIGIOUS BELIEF. WOMEN COLLECTED ALL TYPES OF BERRIES, NUTS, ROOTS, RICE, ONIONS, CHIVES, GARLIC, CABBAGE, AND OTHER PLANTS. THEY GATHERED HERBS FOR MEDICINES TO EAT. THEY PLANTED CROPS OF CORN, BEANS, AND SQUASH. THEY WERE DRIED AND COULD BE USED DURING THE WINTER. THEY ALSO PLANTED SNOW PEAS, CUCUMBERS AND GOURDS. THE MEN HUNTED AND TRAPPED WILD GAME SUCH AS MOOSE, DEER, RABBIT, TURKEY FOR FOOD ANDMADE IT INTO VENISON. THEY ASLO CAUGHT FISH USING NETS - TURTLES, CLAMS, SALMON, AND TROUT. A HUNTER'S BOUNTY WAS SHARED BY ALL AND HE KEPT A BASIC SUPPLY OF FOOD FOR HIS FAMILY.
SOMETIMES THEIR MEN WENT TO WAR TO PROTECT THEIR FAMILIES. BOTH GENDERS TOLD STORIES, MADE ARTWORK, PLAYED INSTRUMENTS, AND USED TRADITIONAL MEDICINE. IN THE PAST ONLY MEN WERE CHIEFS, BUT TODAY WOMEN CAN BE CHIEFS.
THEIR DECISION MAKING PROCESS IS SOMETHING THE ABENAKI ENGAGE IN WHEN THEY HAVE TO MAKE GROUP DECISIONS FOR THE BEST OF ALL THEIR PEOPLE. CONSENSUS MEANS THAT ALL UNDERSTAND THE DECISIONS NOT THAT ALL AGREE. THE NEEDS AND ATTITUDES OF ALL ARE INVOLVED AND THEY BRING THEIR IDEAS INTO THE DISCUSSION. THE SMALLEST GROUP DELIBERATES ON AN ISSUE OR MATTER. THE LEADER REPORTS THEIR DECISION TO THE FACILITATOR. IF THEIR IS DISAGREEMENT, THEY ARE ASKED TO DELIBERATE AGAIN. THE FACILITATOR KEEPS ASKING THEM TO TALK THINGS OVER UNTIL A CONSENSUS IS MADE.
THREE TRUTHS ARE INVOLVED -WHEN AN ISSUE IS DISCUSSED, THE GROUPS CONSIDER THE GOOD AND THE BAD.
1) PEACE - DOES IT PRESERVE PEACE?
2) RIGHTEOUSNESS - IS IT MORALLY CORRECT?
3) POWER - DOES IT PRESERVE THE PRESENT AND FUTURE INTEGRITY? NO ONE CAN IMPOSE THEIR WILL OR MAKE A DECISION FOR ANOTHER. ALL MUST UNDERSTAND THE VIEWPOINT AND AGREE OF THEIR OWN FREE WILL.
A PRAYER: OD GREAT SPIRIT WHOSE VOICE I HEAR IN THE WINDS AND WHOSE BREATH GIVES LIFE TO THE WORLD, HEAR ME. I AM ONE OF YOU CHILDREN, SMALL AND WEEK. I NEED YOUR STRENGTH AND WISDOM. LET ME WALK IN BEAUTY AND MAKE MY EYES EVER BEHOLD. THE RED SUNSET MAKES WISE HANDS RESPECT THE THINGS YOU HAVE MADE, MAKE MY EARS SHARP TO HEAR YOUR VOICE. MAKE ME EVER READY TO COME TO YOU WHEN LIFE FADES AS A SUNSET, MY SPIRIT MAY COME TO YOU WITHOUT SHAME.
THEY USED TO BUILD AND LIVE IN BIRCH BARK WIGWAMS. TODAY THEY LIVE IN MODERN HOUSES. THEIR ABORIGINAL CLOTHING FOR MEN WAS BREECH CLOTHS; THEIR WOMEN WORE WRAPS AROUND DEERSKIN SKIRTS AND NO SHIRTS! THEY MADE DECORATED MOCASSINS WITH GLASS BEADS. SOME OF THEIR CHIEFS WOULD WEAR TALL FEATHERED HEADDRESSES. THEY DID NOT PAINT THEIR SKIN WITH TATTOOS. THEY WERE WELL KNOWN FOR THEIR BIRCH BARK CANOES.
NATIVE -LANGUAGES.ORG
BIGORRIN.ORG
MALISET INDIANS
THE INDIANS OCCUPIED MUCH OF WHAT IS NOW CONSIDERED TO BE EASTERN -BORDER LINE OF THE U.S. AND CANADA. AFTER 1732 THEY OBTAINED RIGHTS TO CROSS BETWEEN CANADA AND THE U.S. AS THEIR VILLAGES WERE IN BOTH COUNTRIES. THE HOULTEN BAND HAS MALISEET INDIANS AND IS COMPRISED OF 800 INDIANS. THEY HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN HUNTERS AND GATHERERS. THEY ARE GREAT FISHERMEN AND LIVE ALONG THE ST. JOHN RIVER BASIN AND CATCH BROWN AND BROOK TROUT. THEY HAVE A FARM AND COMMERCIAL LAND HOLDINGS. THEY SPEAK AN ALGONQUIN LANGUAGE. IT IS SPOKEN BY 1500 PEOPLE TODAY. HOWEVER, THEIR LANGUAGE IS IN DANGER AS THE CHILDREN DO NOT SPEAK IT. IT IS VERY SONG LIKE AND HAS COMPLEX VERBS. THESE INDIANS BELONG TO THE EASTERN WABANAKI ALLIANCE, A LOOSE CONFEDERATION. THE MALISEET AND PASSAMAQUODDY PEOPLE WERE CLOSELY RELATED NEIGHBORS. THEY CONSIDER THEMSELVES POLITICALLY INDEPENDENT. AS WITH MANY TRIBES, THEIR POPULATIONS WERE DECIMATED BY EUROPEAN DISEASES OF SMALLPOX, MEASLES, AND SYPHILIS.
THEY MADE BEAUTIFUL BIRCH BARK BASKETS, PAINTED CERAMIC VESSELS, PORCUPINE QUILL MOCCASINS, AND WERE FAMOUS FOR THEIR BEAD WORK. THEY LIVED IN SMALL ROUND BUILDINGS CALLED WIGWAMS. THEY LIVE ON RESERVATIONS THAT ARE LEGALLY UNDER THEIR CONTROL. EACH COMMUNITY IS CALLED A TRIBE. IN CANADA THEY CALL THEMSELVES FIRST NATIONS. EACH TRIBE HAS IT'S OWN GOVERNMENT. THEIR LEADER IS CALLED SAKOM OR A GOVERNOR .
THE WOMEN WORE LONG DRESSES WITH REMOVABLE SLEEVES. THE MEN WORE BREECH CLOTHS AND MOCCASINS. DURING COLONIAL TIMES THEY ADAPTED TO EUROPEAN CLOTHES. THEY HAD NO WAR BONNETS. THEY MADE BEADED CAPS OR HATS. THEY DID NOT USE TATTOOS. THEY ARE WELL KNOWN FOR THEIR BIRCH BARK CANOES WHICH THEY USED TO MAKE BY HAND. THEY USED DOGS FOR PACK ANIMALS TO TRAVEL OVER LAND. THEY ALSO USED SLEDS AND SNOWSHOES IN THE WINTER.
FISH WAS MOST IMPORTANT TO THEIR DIET AND THEY SPEARED THEM WITH FLINT SPEARS! THE MEN HUNTED BIG GAME SUCH AS MOOSE AND DEER. WOMEN PLANTED AND HARVESTED CORN AND GATHERED FRUIT. THEY MADE WAMPUM BUT OF WHITE AND PURPLE SHELL BEADS AND THESE WERE IMPORTANT AS AN ART MATERIAL. THEY MADE DESIGNS ON WAMPUM BELTS THAT TOLD A STORY.
THESE FIVE TRIBES - MALISET, MICMACS, PASSAMAQUODDIES, ABBEAKIS, AND PENOBSCOTS FORMED AN ALLIANCE CALLED WABANAKI CONFEDERACY. THEY STILL FACE PROBLEMS TODAY. THEY SIGNED TREATIES WITH THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT WHICH GAVE THEM OWNERSHIP OF THEIR GOVERNMENT LANDS AND GAVE THEM SPECIAL FISHING, HUNTING, AND LOGGING RIGHTS. THIS MADE SOME ANGLOS VERY ANGRY AND THEY BURNED ONE OF THEIR SACRED SITES. THEIR STILL IS TENSION BETWEEN THESE FOLKS. THEIR RELIGION IS VERY COMPLEX.
MALISEETS.COM
NATIVE- LANGUAGES.ORG
THEY MADE BEAUTIFUL BIRCH BARK BASKETS, PAINTED CERAMIC VESSELS, PORCUPINE QUILL MOCCASINS, AND WERE FAMOUS FOR THEIR BEAD WORK. THEY LIVED IN SMALL ROUND BUILDINGS CALLED WIGWAMS. THEY LIVE ON RESERVATIONS THAT ARE LEGALLY UNDER THEIR CONTROL. EACH COMMUNITY IS CALLED A TRIBE. IN CANADA THEY CALL THEMSELVES FIRST NATIONS. EACH TRIBE HAS IT'S OWN GOVERNMENT. THEIR LEADER IS CALLED SAKOM OR A GOVERNOR .
THE WOMEN WORE LONG DRESSES WITH REMOVABLE SLEEVES. THE MEN WORE BREECH CLOTHS AND MOCCASINS. DURING COLONIAL TIMES THEY ADAPTED TO EUROPEAN CLOTHES. THEY HAD NO WAR BONNETS. THEY MADE BEADED CAPS OR HATS. THEY DID NOT USE TATTOOS. THEY ARE WELL KNOWN FOR THEIR BIRCH BARK CANOES WHICH THEY USED TO MAKE BY HAND. THEY USED DOGS FOR PACK ANIMALS TO TRAVEL OVER LAND. THEY ALSO USED SLEDS AND SNOWSHOES IN THE WINTER.
FISH WAS MOST IMPORTANT TO THEIR DIET AND THEY SPEARED THEM WITH FLINT SPEARS! THE MEN HUNTED BIG GAME SUCH AS MOOSE AND DEER. WOMEN PLANTED AND HARVESTED CORN AND GATHERED FRUIT. THEY MADE WAMPUM BUT OF WHITE AND PURPLE SHELL BEADS AND THESE WERE IMPORTANT AS AN ART MATERIAL. THEY MADE DESIGNS ON WAMPUM BELTS THAT TOLD A STORY.
THESE FIVE TRIBES - MALISET, MICMACS, PASSAMAQUODDIES, ABBEAKIS, AND PENOBSCOTS FORMED AN ALLIANCE CALLED WABANAKI CONFEDERACY. THEY STILL FACE PROBLEMS TODAY. THEY SIGNED TREATIES WITH THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT WHICH GAVE THEM OWNERSHIP OF THEIR GOVERNMENT LANDS AND GAVE THEM SPECIAL FISHING, HUNTING, AND LOGGING RIGHTS. THIS MADE SOME ANGLOS VERY ANGRY AND THEY BURNED ONE OF THEIR SACRED SITES. THEIR STILL IS TENSION BETWEEN THESE FOLKS. THEIR RELIGION IS VERY COMPLEX.
MALISEETS.COM
NATIVE- LANGUAGES.ORG
WINTER SOLSTICE
TODAY IS THE WINTER SOLSTICE, DECEMBER 21 ST. IT IS A TIME WHEN ABORIGINAL PEOPLE OBSERVED CELEBRATIONS AS THEY KNEW THIS DAY HAD THE SHORTEST AMOUNT OF DAYLIGHT. I CELEBRATED BY GOING TO LUNCH AT A VIETNAMESE RESTAURANT. THE REASON FOR OUR DIFFERENT SEASONS IS THAT AS THE EARTH ROTATES AROUND THE SUN, AND IT ALSO SPINS ON IT'S AXIS SO THAT WE HAVE DIFFERENT TIMES OF SUNSET AND SUNRISE IN DIFFERENT SEASONS. OUR NORTHERN HAMPSHIRE GETS LESS SUNLIGHT AND THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE GETS MORE SUNLIGHT. THE SOLSTICE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MANY ANCIENT MYTHS.
IN ROME THE SOLSTICE WAS CELEBRATED AS A FEAST OF SATURNELLA. THE BRITISH CELEBRATED IT WITH A PAGAN YULE LOG IN A FIERY DISPLAY TO MELT THE HEART ON A COLD DAY. MOST CULTURES HOLD ONTO THIS DAY AS A RECOGNITION OF REBIRTH INVOLVING HOLIDAYS, FESTIVALS AND RITUALS. THIS SYSTEM IS BASED ON SUN'S HEIGHT ABOVE THE HORIZON. SOME MIDWINTER FESTIVALS ARE CELEBRATED BY EAST ASIAN CULTURES AND EUROPEAN CULTURES. THE PERSIAN CULTURE ALSO RECOGNIZES IT AS THE BEGINNING OF WINTER. THE SOLSTICE ITSELF MAY HAVE BEEN A SPECIAL MOMENT OF THE ANNUAL CYCLE OF THE YEAR DURING NEOLITHIC TIMES. ASTRONOMICAL EVENTS CONTROLLED THE MATING OF ANIMALS, SOWING OF CROPS, COLLECTION OF WILD PLANTS, AND THE USE OF WINTER RESERVES. MANY CULTURES HONOR LIFE - DEATH -REBIRTH DEITIES OR NEW BEGINNINGS. IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY THE GODS AND GODDESSES MET ON WINTER AND SUMMER SOLSTICE.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
IN ROME THE SOLSTICE WAS CELEBRATED AS A FEAST OF SATURNELLA. THE BRITISH CELEBRATED IT WITH A PAGAN YULE LOG IN A FIERY DISPLAY TO MELT THE HEART ON A COLD DAY. MOST CULTURES HOLD ONTO THIS DAY AS A RECOGNITION OF REBIRTH INVOLVING HOLIDAYS, FESTIVALS AND RITUALS. THIS SYSTEM IS BASED ON SUN'S HEIGHT ABOVE THE HORIZON. SOME MIDWINTER FESTIVALS ARE CELEBRATED BY EAST ASIAN CULTURES AND EUROPEAN CULTURES. THE PERSIAN CULTURE ALSO RECOGNIZES IT AS THE BEGINNING OF WINTER. THE SOLSTICE ITSELF MAY HAVE BEEN A SPECIAL MOMENT OF THE ANNUAL CYCLE OF THE YEAR DURING NEOLITHIC TIMES. ASTRONOMICAL EVENTS CONTROLLED THE MATING OF ANIMALS, SOWING OF CROPS, COLLECTION OF WILD PLANTS, AND THE USE OF WINTER RESERVES. MANY CULTURES HONOR LIFE - DEATH -REBIRTH DEITIES OR NEW BEGINNINGS. IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY THE GODS AND GODDESSES MET ON WINTER AND SUMMER SOLSTICE.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
KICKAPOO INDIANS
KICKAPOO ARE NATIVE AMERICAN PEOPLE WHO LIVED TO LAKE ERIE AND MICHIGAN. THEIR NAME IS DERIVED FROM AN ALGONQUIN WORD, AND IT MEANS HE STANDS OUT OR MOVES ABOUT. THEIR LANGUAGE IS SIMILAR TO THE SIOUX, FOX, AND THE SHAWNEES. THE KICKAPOO BELIEVE THAT THEY AND THE SHAWNEE WERE ONCE ONE PEOPLE. AFTER A DISAGREEMENT THE TRIBES SPLIT.
THEY LIVE IN PERMANENT VILLAGES IN THE SUMMER AND THEY BUILT LONGHOUSES. IN THE WINTER TIMES THEY WOULD BREAK INTO SMALL GROUPS AND GO INTO CAMPS. PRINCIPAL CROPS THAT WERE GROWN WERE CORN, SQUASH, AND BEANS. THEY HUNTED BUFFALO IN THE WINTER TIME AND THEY GAINED ACCESS TO THE HORSE WHICH WAS USED TO HUNT BUFFALO.
THERE MAY HAVE BEEN 4000 ORIGINALLY. IN 1684 FRENCH TRADERS ESTIMATED THERE WERE 2500 IN 1684 LIVING IN KANSAS, OKLAHOMA AND TEXAS. IN 1650'S THE KICKAPOO WERE INVADED BY TRIBES WHO HAD MOVED TO THE GREAT LAKES. THE IROQUOIS FORCED THEM TO LEAVE THE HOMELAND AND SETTLE IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN. THEY DISCOVERED THEIR CROPS DIDN'T GROW AS WELL HERE. SO HUNTING WAS THEIR MAIN SOURCE OF SUSTENANCE. BEFORE LONG THE AREA WAS HUNTED OUT. THE RESULTING LACK OF FOOD COUPLED WITH EUROPEAN DISEASES, RESULTED IN UNHAPPY TIMES. NICOLAS PERROT ESTABLISHED A TRADING POST ON THE MISSISSIPPI. UNFORTUNATELY THEY ALLIED WITH THE FRENCH AND FOUGHT THE IROQUOIS FOR 14 YEARS AND FINALLY DEFEATED THEM. THEY ALSO FOUGHT THE FOX FOR THREE YEARS AND FINALLY THEY AGREED TO PEACE TERMS.
DURING THE 1700'S THE KICKAPOO SEPARATED INTO TWO SEPARATE BANDS. THE PRAIRIE BAND LIVED IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS AND THE VERMILLION BAND WERE FRIENDLY AND LIVED IN ILLINOIS.
THE KICKAPOO'S RELIGION ENTERED INTO EVERY FACET OF THEIR LIFE. THEY BELIEVE IN A SPIRIT WHO IS 'KISIIHIAT', WHO CREATED THE WORLD AND LIVES IN THE SKY. HE CREATEDTHE WORLD AND HAD ASSISTANCE TO THE SPIRIT MESSENGERS. THEY HAVE A CULTURE HERO WHO CREATED THE INDIAN WORLD AND TAUGHT THE KICKAPOO TO BUILD THEIR HOUSES. THEIR RELIGION IS ORGANIZED AROUND SACRED BUNDLES FOR HERBAL SOCIETIES. THEY HAVE A CYCLE OF CEREMONY THAT PLAYS A PART IN THEIR CULTURAL INTEGRATION IN MEXICO AND OKLAHOMA. THEY CELEBRATE THEIR NEW YEAR IN FEBRUARY AND THEN THEY HAVE THIS CYCLE OF CEREMONIES. FESTIVALS INCLUDE THE CLAN AND BUNDLES. SPECIAL CERMONIAL FOODS PLAY A ROLE IN THE FOODS THAT ARE EATEN. THEY PLAY DRUMS, FLUTES, AND RATTLES AND DANCE TO THE SONGS SUNG DURING CEREMONIES. THE BUFFALO AND WOMEN DANCE ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH TREATING ILLNESS AND INFERTILITY. THEY ALSO USE ALL TRADITIONAL MEDICINES TOO.
SOME CURRENT INDIANS MAKE PAINTED MASKS OUT OF WOOD AND ADD FEATHER HEADDRESSES. THEY ALSO MADE THEIR OWN CLOTHING OUT OF DEER HIDE AND DECORATED IT WITH SHELLS.
EVERYCULTURE.COM AND ESSORTMENT.COM
THEY LIVE IN PERMANENT VILLAGES IN THE SUMMER AND THEY BUILT LONGHOUSES. IN THE WINTER TIMES THEY WOULD BREAK INTO SMALL GROUPS AND GO INTO CAMPS. PRINCIPAL CROPS THAT WERE GROWN WERE CORN, SQUASH, AND BEANS. THEY HUNTED BUFFALO IN THE WINTER TIME AND THEY GAINED ACCESS TO THE HORSE WHICH WAS USED TO HUNT BUFFALO.
THERE MAY HAVE BEEN 4000 ORIGINALLY. IN 1684 FRENCH TRADERS ESTIMATED THERE WERE 2500 IN 1684 LIVING IN KANSAS, OKLAHOMA AND TEXAS. IN 1650'S THE KICKAPOO WERE INVADED BY TRIBES WHO HAD MOVED TO THE GREAT LAKES. THE IROQUOIS FORCED THEM TO LEAVE THE HOMELAND AND SETTLE IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN. THEY DISCOVERED THEIR CROPS DIDN'T GROW AS WELL HERE. SO HUNTING WAS THEIR MAIN SOURCE OF SUSTENANCE. BEFORE LONG THE AREA WAS HUNTED OUT. THE RESULTING LACK OF FOOD COUPLED WITH EUROPEAN DISEASES, RESULTED IN UNHAPPY TIMES. NICOLAS PERROT ESTABLISHED A TRADING POST ON THE MISSISSIPPI. UNFORTUNATELY THEY ALLIED WITH THE FRENCH AND FOUGHT THE IROQUOIS FOR 14 YEARS AND FINALLY DEFEATED THEM. THEY ALSO FOUGHT THE FOX FOR THREE YEARS AND FINALLY THEY AGREED TO PEACE TERMS.
DURING THE 1700'S THE KICKAPOO SEPARATED INTO TWO SEPARATE BANDS. THE PRAIRIE BAND LIVED IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS AND THE VERMILLION BAND WERE FRIENDLY AND LIVED IN ILLINOIS.
THE KICKAPOO'S RELIGION ENTERED INTO EVERY FACET OF THEIR LIFE. THEY BELIEVE IN A SPIRIT WHO IS 'KISIIHIAT', WHO CREATED THE WORLD AND LIVES IN THE SKY. HE CREATEDTHE WORLD AND HAD ASSISTANCE TO THE SPIRIT MESSENGERS. THEY HAVE A CULTURE HERO WHO CREATED THE INDIAN WORLD AND TAUGHT THE KICKAPOO TO BUILD THEIR HOUSES. THEIR RELIGION IS ORGANIZED AROUND SACRED BUNDLES FOR HERBAL SOCIETIES. THEY HAVE A CYCLE OF CEREMONY THAT PLAYS A PART IN THEIR CULTURAL INTEGRATION IN MEXICO AND OKLAHOMA. THEY CELEBRATE THEIR NEW YEAR IN FEBRUARY AND THEN THEY HAVE THIS CYCLE OF CEREMONIES. FESTIVALS INCLUDE THE CLAN AND BUNDLES. SPECIAL CERMONIAL FOODS PLAY A ROLE IN THE FOODS THAT ARE EATEN. THEY PLAY DRUMS, FLUTES, AND RATTLES AND DANCE TO THE SONGS SUNG DURING CEREMONIES. THE BUFFALO AND WOMEN DANCE ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH TREATING ILLNESS AND INFERTILITY. THEY ALSO USE ALL TRADITIONAL MEDICINES TOO.
SOME CURRENT INDIANS MAKE PAINTED MASKS OUT OF WOOD AND ADD FEATHER HEADDRESSES. THEY ALSO MADE THEIR OWN CLOTHING OUT OF DEER HIDE AND DECORATED IT WITH SHELLS.
EVERYCULTURE.COM AND ESSORTMENT.COM
CENTER FOR SPIRIT LIVING
I ATTENDED THIS SPIRITUAL CENTER LAST WEEK. EACH WEEK IS A LESSON. THIS MONTH THE THEME IS GLADNESS. THE PRESENTATION WAS INTRODUCED BY THE CHOIR SINGING SOME WONDERFUL SPIRITUAL TUNES. THE LESSON WAS WHEN WE DIVERT OUR ATTENTION TO OUR TRUE NATURE WE LOOSE OUR GLADNESS - SO STAY FOCUSED ON WHO YOU ARE AND WANT TO BE. KEEP A SENSE OF HUMOR- IT IS TENSION RELIEVING. LEARN TO LAUGH AT YOURSELF. HAPPINESS IS CONTAGIOUS. THINK AS IF YOU ARE A BEE AND INFEST HAPPINESS WITH OTHERS. YOU DON'T HAVE TO TALK ABOUT IT. JUST BE JOY AND LEARN TO INTERACT FACE TO FACE. THE MINISTER TOOK A DAY OFF WHEN HE WAS GRUMPY! WHEN YOU LIGHTEN UP YOU HAVE THIS KIND OF AWARENESS. STAY OPEN TO THE RIDICULOUS AND LET IT SOFTEN THE PLACES IN YOUR HEART SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE SHOULD KEEP FOCUS ON CHEERFULNESS. LAUGHTER BOOSTS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. TAKE YOURSELF LESS SERIOUSLY....LOOK FOR LIGHT AND FUN THINGS. BE A CHANNEL FOR GOD AND BRING JOY TO PEOPLE.
A CHRISTMAS CAROL
THIS WAS A MUSICAL I SAW LAST WEEK AT THE SIXTH STREET PLAYHOUSE WHICH WAS A SHORT VERSION OF SCROOGE. IT DISPLAYED ABOUT 20 OR SO CHILDREN IN THE PLAY. THE ACTOR PLAYING SCROOGE HAD A MEAN AND HONERY DISPOSITION. HE MET SOME CHILDREN OF HIS EMPLOYEE, BOB CRATCHET. THEY SANG SOME SONGS BUT HE DID NOT CHEER UP. FINALLY HE WAS TRANSFORMED AFTER MEETING THE GHOST OF CHRISTMAS PAST, THE GHOST OF CHRISTMAS PRESENT, AND THE GHOST OF CHRISTMAS FUTURE! THE CHARACTERS WERE DRESSED IN SOME NEAT 1800'S COSTUMES. THE CHILDREN SPOKE IN ENGLISH ACCENTS, SOME OF WHOM WE COULD NOT HEAR- OH WELL. THE CHILDREN DANCED AND SANG TO MANY DIFFERENT SONGS ACCOMPANIED BY A FIDDLER. SCROOGE LEARNED HIS LESSON OF GIVING AS A WAY TO BE KIND FROM HIS EXPOSURE TO THE GHOSTS. HE GAVE MR. CRATCHET'S FAMILY A TURKEY FOR CHRISTMAS! AND HE GAVE SOME OF THE CHILDREN SOME COINS.
Friday, December 17, 2010
HURON INDIANS
THESE INDIANS WERE ALSO KNOWN AS WYANDOT WHO ORIGINALLY INHABITED CENTRAL ONTARIO. THEY FOUGHT WITH THE IROQUOIS. IN 1650 THEY SPLIT INTO TWO GROUPS AFTER BEING DRIVEN FROM THEIR LANDS. THE FIRST GROUP TRAVELLED TO QUEBEC. THE LARGE ONE MOVED TO THE OHIO VALLEY. DURING THE 1840'S THE GOVERNMENT MOVED THEM TO KANSAS AND I'M SURE IT TOOK MANY YEARS TO GET USED TO THIS NEW LAND BASE. THERE WERE 40,000 HURON PRIOR TO EUROPEAN ARRIVAL. IN 1600'S WHEN THE FRENCH ARRIVED THERE WAS A CONFEDERACY OF FOUR MAIN HURON. BANDS, OF 20 VILLAGES. THEY BUILT FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS OF UP TO 1000 MEMBERS. THEY FOUGHT WITH NEIGHBORS TRIBES AND EUROPEANS. BY 1640 THERE WERE ONLY 10,000 HURONS. SOME MOVED WITH OTHER TRIBES AND A FEW THOUSAND MOVED TO KANSAS. THE HURON LIVING IN THE U.S. ARE KNOWN AS WYANDOT AND ARE FOUND PRIMARILY IN KANSAS AND OKLAHOMA.
THE HURON WAS THE 1ST GREAT CONFEDERACY AND ABOUT 1560 PEOPLE WERE JOINED BY THE ARENDAHORIN AND ANOTHER TRIBE. THEY HAD CLANS IN THEIR SOCIETY. THEIR GOVERNMENT WAS A COUNCIL CHOSEN BY CLAN MOTHERS.
THEY WERE A SPIRITUAL PEOPLE WHO BELIEVED IN A GOD. THEY HAD A CEREMONY THAT WAS UNIQUE TO THEM - A FEAST OF THE DEAD. THEY HAD IT ONCE EVERY 10 YEARS. IT ALLOWED THE SOULS OF DEPARTED TO ENTER THE SPIRITUAL REALM.
IN 1609 THE HURON ENTERED AN ALLIANCE WITH THE FRENCH AGAINST THE IROQUOIS. THE HURON SIGNED A TRADE AGREEMENT WITH THE FRENCH. THE HURON SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH THE FRENCH. THE HURON WERE THE INTERMEDIARIES BETWEEN THE FRENCH AND OTHER TRIBES.
FRANCISCAN MISSIONARIES DID NOT SUCCEED IN BUILDING A MISSION IN HURON TERRITORY IN 1615. HOWEVER, ONE WAS BUILT IN 1634.
THE HURON AND IROQUOIS CONTINUED TO QUARREL AND EVENTUALLY IROQUOIS TOOK THEIR TERRITORIES. THE REMAINING HURON MOVED TO WISCONSIN. AFTER 1832 THEY WERE MOVED TO KANSAS. THEY ARE ALL CALLED WYONDOT TODAY ABOUT 4000 LIVE IN CANADA AND THE U.S.
ESSORTMENTS.COM
THE HURON WAS THE 1ST GREAT CONFEDERACY AND ABOUT 1560 PEOPLE WERE JOINED BY THE ARENDAHORIN AND ANOTHER TRIBE. THEY HAD CLANS IN THEIR SOCIETY. THEIR GOVERNMENT WAS A COUNCIL CHOSEN BY CLAN MOTHERS.
THEY WERE A SPIRITUAL PEOPLE WHO BELIEVED IN A GOD. THEY HAD A CEREMONY THAT WAS UNIQUE TO THEM - A FEAST OF THE DEAD. THEY HAD IT ONCE EVERY 10 YEARS. IT ALLOWED THE SOULS OF DEPARTED TO ENTER THE SPIRITUAL REALM.
IN 1609 THE HURON ENTERED AN ALLIANCE WITH THE FRENCH AGAINST THE IROQUOIS. THE HURON SIGNED A TRADE AGREEMENT WITH THE FRENCH. THE HURON SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH THE FRENCH. THE HURON WERE THE INTERMEDIARIES BETWEEN THE FRENCH AND OTHER TRIBES.
FRANCISCAN MISSIONARIES DID NOT SUCCEED IN BUILDING A MISSION IN HURON TERRITORY IN 1615. HOWEVER, ONE WAS BUILT IN 1634.
THE HURON AND IROQUOIS CONTINUED TO QUARREL AND EVENTUALLY IROQUOIS TOOK THEIR TERRITORIES. THE REMAINING HURON MOVED TO WISCONSIN. AFTER 1832 THEY WERE MOVED TO KANSAS. THEY ARE ALL CALLED WYONDOT TODAY ABOUT 4000 LIVE IN CANADA AND THE U.S.
ESSORTMENTS.COM
ALGONQUIN INDIANS
THIS TRIBE IS ACTUALLY MANY TRIBES THAT ARE FOUND IN NEW ENGLAND AND THE GREAT LAKES. THE STATES THEY OCCUPIED INCLUDED NEW YORK, PENNSYLVANIA, NEW JERSEY, AND DELAWARE. THEY LIVED IN MANY VILLAGES WHICH ACTUALLY HAD 900 INDIANS EACH. THEY BUILT DOME SHAPED WIGWAMS, FROM SAPLINGS COVERED WITH BIRTH BARK, CHESTNUT, OAK OR ELM. THEY ALSO PLACED BARK OVER THEIR WIGWAMS. THEY WOVE MATS OUT OF RUSH AND CEDAR BRANCHES. BEDS WERE MADE FROM SPRUCE BOUGHS COVERED WITH SKINS. THEY SAT ON ROLLED UP SKINS AND HIDES.
MANY VILLAGES WERE STAKES WITH PALISADES. THEY MADE MOST OF THEIR CLOTHING FROM ELK AND DEER HIDES. THEY DECORATED THEIR OUTFITS WITH SHELLS, STONES, PAINT AND PORCUPINE QUILLS. MEN WORE BREECH CLOTH AND THE WOMEN WORE WRAP AROUND SKIRTS, LEGGINGS, AND MOCCASINS. THEY WOVE TURKEY DOWN ROBES.
THEY WERE MAINLY HUNTERS AND DID SOME FARMING USING FISH TO FERTILIZE CORN FIELDS. ON THE COAST THEY COLLECTED CLAMS, OYSTERS, LOBSTERS, MUSSELS AND OTHER SHELLFISH. THEY WRAPPED FISH IN SEAWEED THEN COOKED IT IN A PIT DUG IN THE EARTH. THEY WERE EXCELLENT HUNTERS, FISHERS, AND FOOD GATHERERS. THEY HUNTED MOOSE, CARIBOU, AND BEAVER AND OTHER ANIMALS.
THEY HAD BIG POWWOWS EVERY SIX MONTHS. EACH TRIBE BROUGHT IT'S CHIEF TO THE POWWOW COUNCIL. IT WAS AN OCCASION FOR FEASTING AND DANCING. ARGUMENTS BETWEEN GROUPS WERE SETTLED, AND TRADING WAS COMPLETED.
THEIR MEN MADE CANOES AND MADE WEAPONS . THEY USED SPEARS TO CATCH FISH. THE WOMEN WOVE FISHNETS, MATS, AND BARK CONTAINERS. THEY MADE BIRCH BARK BOXES AND DECORATED THEM WITH PORCUPINE QUILLS. THEIR ART INCLUDED ALSO STITCHED BAGS AND CLOTHING OF DEER HIDE EMBROIDERED WITH FLORAL PATTERNS. THEY USED BIRCH BARK TO MAKE MANY ITEMS SUCH AS CANOES AND WIGWAM GIFT ITEMS.
THE SNOW SNAKE WAS A GAME PLAYED BY TRIBES OF THE GREAT LAKES. A SNOWSNAKE WAS A LONG STICK OF MAPLEWOOD. ONE END WAS CARVED TO LOOK LIKE A SNAKE'S HEAD. THEY PACKED DOWN SNOW ON A LONG, LEVEL STRIP OF GROUND. EACH PLAYER SLID THE STICK AROUND THE GROUND. THE ONE WHO SLID THE STICK AROUND THEW FARTHEST WON.
ON THE EAST COAST THERE WERE MANY TRIBES THAT LOST 75% OF THEIR PEOPLE AFTER MEETING THE EUROPEANS - THEY GOT SMALLPOX AND MEASLES. TODAY THEIR ARE MORE THAN 1/2 MILLION ALGONQUIN TRIBES IN THE REGION OF NORTHEAST AMERICA.
MCE.K12TN.NET
MANY VILLAGES WERE STAKES WITH PALISADES. THEY MADE MOST OF THEIR CLOTHING FROM ELK AND DEER HIDES. THEY DECORATED THEIR OUTFITS WITH SHELLS, STONES, PAINT AND PORCUPINE QUILLS. MEN WORE BREECH CLOTH AND THE WOMEN WORE WRAP AROUND SKIRTS, LEGGINGS, AND MOCCASINS. THEY WOVE TURKEY DOWN ROBES.
THEY WERE MAINLY HUNTERS AND DID SOME FARMING USING FISH TO FERTILIZE CORN FIELDS. ON THE COAST THEY COLLECTED CLAMS, OYSTERS, LOBSTERS, MUSSELS AND OTHER SHELLFISH. THEY WRAPPED FISH IN SEAWEED THEN COOKED IT IN A PIT DUG IN THE EARTH. THEY WERE EXCELLENT HUNTERS, FISHERS, AND FOOD GATHERERS. THEY HUNTED MOOSE, CARIBOU, AND BEAVER AND OTHER ANIMALS.
THEY HAD BIG POWWOWS EVERY SIX MONTHS. EACH TRIBE BROUGHT IT'S CHIEF TO THE POWWOW COUNCIL. IT WAS AN OCCASION FOR FEASTING AND DANCING. ARGUMENTS BETWEEN GROUPS WERE SETTLED, AND TRADING WAS COMPLETED.
THEIR MEN MADE CANOES AND MADE WEAPONS . THEY USED SPEARS TO CATCH FISH. THE WOMEN WOVE FISHNETS, MATS, AND BARK CONTAINERS. THEY MADE BIRCH BARK BOXES AND DECORATED THEM WITH PORCUPINE QUILLS. THEIR ART INCLUDED ALSO STITCHED BAGS AND CLOTHING OF DEER HIDE EMBROIDERED WITH FLORAL PATTERNS. THEY USED BIRCH BARK TO MAKE MANY ITEMS SUCH AS CANOES AND WIGWAM GIFT ITEMS.
THE SNOW SNAKE WAS A GAME PLAYED BY TRIBES OF THE GREAT LAKES. A SNOWSNAKE WAS A LONG STICK OF MAPLEWOOD. ONE END WAS CARVED TO LOOK LIKE A SNAKE'S HEAD. THEY PACKED DOWN SNOW ON A LONG, LEVEL STRIP OF GROUND. EACH PLAYER SLID THE STICK AROUND THE GROUND. THE ONE WHO SLID THE STICK AROUND THEW FARTHEST WON.
ON THE EAST COAST THERE WERE MANY TRIBES THAT LOST 75% OF THEIR PEOPLE AFTER MEETING THE EUROPEANS - THEY GOT SMALLPOX AND MEASLES. TODAY THEIR ARE MORE THAN 1/2 MILLION ALGONQUIN TRIBES IN THE REGION OF NORTHEAST AMERICA.
MCE.K12TN.NET
Thursday, December 16, 2010
HOW TO SUCCEED IN LIFE by MARIAN ELDEMAN
MARIAN IS A BLACK LADY WHO GREW UP IN NORTH CAROLINA AND TOLD HER STORY OF HAVING APPRECIATIVE PARENTS AND A LOT OF SUPPORT IN HER BLACK COMMUNITY. SHE WAS TOLD TO DO WELL IN SCHOOL. SHE BECAUSE A LAWYER. UNFORTUNATELY OUR CULTURE REWARDS GREED OF ALL KINDS. SHE WAS TAUGHT A DIFFERENT SET OF VALUES. HER KEY TO RAISING CHILDREN IS TO APPRECIATE THEM FOR WHO THEY ARE VS. WHAT THEY ACCOMPLISH. SHE WAS A CHILD ADVOCATE.
SHE WRITES THAT SHE IS SORRY FOR THE TIMES SHE DID NOT AFFIRM HER CHILDREN ENOUGH. HER BOOK IS ABOUT SOME OF THE SHORT COMINGS OF HER PARENTING. SHE HAD A LIVE-IN GRANDMA FOR 13 YEARS WHO RAISED HER KIDS WITH HER HUSBAND! SHE LIVES IN A WEALTHY WASHINGTON D.C. NEIGHBORHOOD AND KNOWS THEY ARE A PRIVILEGED FAMILY.
SHE SPEAKS THAT WE NEED TO BECOME MORE AWARE OF AND RESPECT ALL TYPES OF RACES. PAY ATTENTION TO DETAIL, AND TAKE INITIATIVE. PAY ATTENTION IN SCHOOL AND MAKE PROGRESS AS YOU SEE FIT. DO WORK THAT YOU LOVE VS. WHAT MAKES MONEY. SPREAD YOUR WEALTH AND SKILLS TO YOUR COMMUNITY. TAKE SOME RISKS IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE WHAT YOU WANT AND PLEASE ASK FOR WHAT YOU WANT. SPEND YOUR TIME IN A WORTHY CAUSE. SHE SPEAKS TO PARENTS TO TAKE PARENTING SERIOUSLY AND INSIST THAT THE FOLKS YOU WORK FOR REPRESENT YOU WELL. YOUNG MEN NEED TO HELP AROUND THE HOUSE WITH CHORES TO GET THEM DONE - NO MATTER WHAT IT IS. THESE ARE FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES. CLEAN UP YOUR OWN MESS. TALK OUR THE CHANGING ROLES OF THE MOM AND DAD AS THEIR JOBS CHANGE.
REMEMBER THAT IT'S MORE IMPORTANT TO HAVE FRIENDS THAN TO DEMEAN ETHNIC RACES. ANOTHER LESSON IS TO NEVER GIVE UP NO MATTER HOW HARD LIFE GETS. BE CONFIDENT THAT YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE. DON'T BE AFRAID OF HARD WORK AND TEACHING YOUR CHILDREN TO WORK. FOCUS ON WHAT YOU HAVE , NOT ON WHAT YOU DON'T HAVE. LIVE IN THE PRESENT - ACCEPT EACH MINUTE AS AN UNREPEATABLE MINUTE. THE ONLY PERSON YOU CAN CONTROL IS YOURSELF. FIRST REMAKE YOURSELF, THEN TACKLE HOW TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE WORLD. HELP YOUR CHILDREN FEEL PRIDE IN THEIR HERITAGE AND THEIR SENSE OF HISTORY.
SHE WRITES THAT SHE IS SORRY FOR THE TIMES SHE DID NOT AFFIRM HER CHILDREN ENOUGH. HER BOOK IS ABOUT SOME OF THE SHORT COMINGS OF HER PARENTING. SHE HAD A LIVE-IN GRANDMA FOR 13 YEARS WHO RAISED HER KIDS WITH HER HUSBAND! SHE LIVES IN A WEALTHY WASHINGTON D.C. NEIGHBORHOOD AND KNOWS THEY ARE A PRIVILEGED FAMILY.
SHE SPEAKS THAT WE NEED TO BECOME MORE AWARE OF AND RESPECT ALL TYPES OF RACES. PAY ATTENTION TO DETAIL, AND TAKE INITIATIVE. PAY ATTENTION IN SCHOOL AND MAKE PROGRESS AS YOU SEE FIT. DO WORK THAT YOU LOVE VS. WHAT MAKES MONEY. SPREAD YOUR WEALTH AND SKILLS TO YOUR COMMUNITY. TAKE SOME RISKS IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE WHAT YOU WANT AND PLEASE ASK FOR WHAT YOU WANT. SPEND YOUR TIME IN A WORTHY CAUSE. SHE SPEAKS TO PARENTS TO TAKE PARENTING SERIOUSLY AND INSIST THAT THE FOLKS YOU WORK FOR REPRESENT YOU WELL. YOUNG MEN NEED TO HELP AROUND THE HOUSE WITH CHORES TO GET THEM DONE - NO MATTER WHAT IT IS. THESE ARE FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES. CLEAN UP YOUR OWN MESS. TALK OUR THE CHANGING ROLES OF THE MOM AND DAD AS THEIR JOBS CHANGE.
REMEMBER THAT IT'S MORE IMPORTANT TO HAVE FRIENDS THAN TO DEMEAN ETHNIC RACES. ANOTHER LESSON IS TO NEVER GIVE UP NO MATTER HOW HARD LIFE GETS. BE CONFIDENT THAT YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE. DON'T BE AFRAID OF HARD WORK AND TEACHING YOUR CHILDREN TO WORK. FOCUS ON WHAT YOU HAVE , NOT ON WHAT YOU DON'T HAVE. LIVE IN THE PRESENT - ACCEPT EACH MINUTE AS AN UNREPEATABLE MINUTE. THE ONLY PERSON YOU CAN CONTROL IS YOURSELF. FIRST REMAKE YOURSELF, THEN TACKLE HOW TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE WORLD. HELP YOUR CHILDREN FEEL PRIDE IN THEIR HERITAGE AND THEIR SENSE OF HISTORY.
OSAGE INDIANS
THIS NATION IS A SIOUAN LANGUAGE TRIBE ORIGINATING IN THE OHIO VALLEY IN PRESENT KENTUCKY. THEIR ANCESTORS LIVED FOR 1000'S OF YEARS. THEY WARRED WITH THE INVADING IROQUOIS THEY MIGRATED WEST TO THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
AT THE HEIGHT OF THE POWER 1700'S THEY BECAME THE DOMINANT POWER IN THEIR REGIONS. THEY ARE FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED. THEY LIVE THROUGH THE COUNTRY. GEORGE CALLEN DESCRIBED THEM AS THE TALLEST RACE OF MEN IN NORTH, EITHER RED OR WHITE SKINS. MOST MEN ARE ABOUT 6' TALL AND SOME 7 FEET TALL.
THE FRENCH MADE CONTACT OF THE OSAGE IN 1673 BY EXPLORER JACQUES MARQUET. THEIR EARLY HISTORY SHOWED FOR 1000'S OF YEARS THEY WERE PART OF A GROUP OF DHEGIAN-SIOUAN SPEAKING PEOPLE. ACCORDING TO THEIR STORIES THEY MIGRATED WEST BECAUSE OF THE WAR WITH THE IROQUOIS AND TO HAVE MORE GAME. SOME BELIEVE THEY STARTED MIGRATING WEST AS EARLY AS 1200 A.D. THEY HAD LONG YEARS OF WAR WITH INVADING IROQUOIS. EVENTUALLY THEY REACHED THIS HISTORIC LANDS. BY 1673 THE FRENCH RECORDED THAT THEY HAD SETTLED NEAR THE OSAGE RIVER IN THE WESTERN PRESENT DAY MISSION. BY 1690 THEY ADOPTED THE HORSE. THEY HELD HIGH RANK AMONG OLD HUNTING TRIBES OF THE GREAT PLAINS. THEY MADE ANNUAL BUFFALO HUNTING FORAGE INTO THE GREAT PLAINS.THEIR WOMEN CULTIVATED CORN, SQUASH , AND OTHER VEGETABLES, AND HARVESTED NUTS AND WILD BERRIES.
EARLY FRENCH EXPLORERS IN 1673 ENCOUNTERED THE OSAGE IN CANADA. THE OSAGE AND PAWNEE CONTROLLED MUCH OF MODERN DAY KANSAS.
THEY WERE EXPERIENCED WARRIORS ALLIED WITH THE FRENCH TRADE DURING THE 1700'S. IN 1724 THEY ALLIED WITH THE FRENCH TO GET CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI REGION.
WIKIPEDIA
AT THE HEIGHT OF THE POWER 1700'S THEY BECAME THE DOMINANT POWER IN THEIR REGIONS. THEY ARE FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED. THEY LIVE THROUGH THE COUNTRY. GEORGE CALLEN DESCRIBED THEM AS THE TALLEST RACE OF MEN IN NORTH, EITHER RED OR WHITE SKINS. MOST MEN ARE ABOUT 6' TALL AND SOME 7 FEET TALL.
THE FRENCH MADE CONTACT OF THE OSAGE IN 1673 BY EXPLORER JACQUES MARQUET. THEIR EARLY HISTORY SHOWED FOR 1000'S OF YEARS THEY WERE PART OF A GROUP OF DHEGIAN-SIOUAN SPEAKING PEOPLE. ACCORDING TO THEIR STORIES THEY MIGRATED WEST BECAUSE OF THE WAR WITH THE IROQUOIS AND TO HAVE MORE GAME. SOME BELIEVE THEY STARTED MIGRATING WEST AS EARLY AS 1200 A.D. THEY HAD LONG YEARS OF WAR WITH INVADING IROQUOIS. EVENTUALLY THEY REACHED THIS HISTORIC LANDS. BY 1673 THE FRENCH RECORDED THAT THEY HAD SETTLED NEAR THE OSAGE RIVER IN THE WESTERN PRESENT DAY MISSION. BY 1690 THEY ADOPTED THE HORSE. THEY HELD HIGH RANK AMONG OLD HUNTING TRIBES OF THE GREAT PLAINS. THEY MADE ANNUAL BUFFALO HUNTING FORAGE INTO THE GREAT PLAINS.THEIR WOMEN CULTIVATED CORN, SQUASH , AND OTHER VEGETABLES, AND HARVESTED NUTS AND WILD BERRIES.
EARLY FRENCH EXPLORERS IN 1673 ENCOUNTERED THE OSAGE IN CANADA. THE OSAGE AND PAWNEE CONTROLLED MUCH OF MODERN DAY KANSAS.
THEY WERE EXPERIENCED WARRIORS ALLIED WITH THE FRENCH TRADE DURING THE 1700'S. IN 1724 THEY ALLIED WITH THE FRENCH TO GET CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI REGION.
WIKIPEDIA
CREEK INDIAN
BEFORE 1500 A.D. THEY GOT THEIR NAME FROM A CREEK IN GEORGIA. THEY BEGAN TO IDENTIFY WITH THE NAME MUSKOGEE. THESE INDIANS ARE ORIGINAL RESIDENTS OF THE AMERICAN SOUTHEAST - GEORGIA, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, AND NORTH CAROLINA. IN THE 1800'S THEY WERE FORCED TO MOVE TO OKLAHOMA LIKE OTHER SOUTHERN TRIBES. TODAY THEIR ARE 20,000 MUSKOGEE CREEK IN OKLAHOMA TODAY. OTHERS HAVE JOINED THE SEMINOLE IN FLORIDA.
THEY ARE ORGANIZED BY 2 TRIBES. THE POARCH CREEKS LIVE IN ALABAMA ON A RESERVATION THAT IS UNDER CONTROL. THEY ALSO MUST OBEY AMERICAN LAWS. THE OKLAHOMA CREEKS LIVE ON TRUST LAND. THEY HAD IN THE PAST A CHIEF CALLED MIKO WHO WAS SELECTED BY A TRIBAL COUNCIL. THESE CHIEFS WERE MALE - TODAY THEY ARE ELECTED AND CAN BE MALE OR FEMALE.
THE MUSCOGEE NATION ANCESTORS ORIGINALLY CONSTRUCTED EARTHEN PYRAMIDS ALONG THE RIVERS OF THE REGION. THEY OCCUPIED THE TOWNS OF COOSA AND TALLAPOOSA RIVERS, UPPER CREEKS, IN THE SOUTHEAST.
IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY THE MUSCOGEE LEADERSHIP EXCHANGED AND THEIR TRIBES WERE MOVED BEYOND THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. IN 1832 THEIR LEADERSHIP EXCHANGED THE LAST OF ANCESTRAL HOMELANDS FOR NEW LAND IN OKLAHOMA. MANY PEOPLE FELT VERY UNCOMFORTABLE LIVING AWAY FROM THEIR HOMELAND. IN 1836 THE ARMY MOVED 20,000 TO INDIAN TERRITORIES. THE NEW NATION WAS ON THE ARKANSAS RIVER . THEY REESTABLISHED FARMS AND PLANTATIONS AND SENT REPRESENTATIVES TO A NATIONAL COUNCIL WHICH MET NEAR HIGH SPRINGS.
THE CIVIL WAR WAS DISASTROUS FOR THE CREEK AS THEY DESIRED NEUTRALITY. EVENTUALLY THEY FOUGHT BOTH THE UNION AND THE CONFEDERATES. THEIR NATION MAINTAINED A PRINCIPAL CHIEF THROUGHOUT THIS PERIOD.
http://www.bigorrin.org/
THEY ARE ORGANIZED BY 2 TRIBES. THE POARCH CREEKS LIVE IN ALABAMA ON A RESERVATION THAT IS UNDER CONTROL. THEY ALSO MUST OBEY AMERICAN LAWS. THE OKLAHOMA CREEKS LIVE ON TRUST LAND. THEY HAD IN THE PAST A CHIEF CALLED MIKO WHO WAS SELECTED BY A TRIBAL COUNCIL. THESE CHIEFS WERE MALE - TODAY THEY ARE ELECTED AND CAN BE MALE OR FEMALE.
THE MUSCOGEE NATION ANCESTORS ORIGINALLY CONSTRUCTED EARTHEN PYRAMIDS ALONG THE RIVERS OF THE REGION. THEY OCCUPIED THE TOWNS OF COOSA AND TALLAPOOSA RIVERS, UPPER CREEKS, IN THE SOUTHEAST.
IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY THE MUSCOGEE LEADERSHIP EXCHANGED AND THEIR TRIBES WERE MOVED BEYOND THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. IN 1832 THEIR LEADERSHIP EXCHANGED THE LAST OF ANCESTRAL HOMELANDS FOR NEW LAND IN OKLAHOMA. MANY PEOPLE FELT VERY UNCOMFORTABLE LIVING AWAY FROM THEIR HOMELAND. IN 1836 THE ARMY MOVED 20,000 TO INDIAN TERRITORIES. THE NEW NATION WAS ON THE ARKANSAS RIVER . THEY REESTABLISHED FARMS AND PLANTATIONS AND SENT REPRESENTATIVES TO A NATIONAL COUNCIL WHICH MET NEAR HIGH SPRINGS.
THE CIVIL WAR WAS DISASTROUS FOR THE CREEK AS THEY DESIRED NEUTRALITY. EVENTUALLY THEY FOUGHT BOTH THE UNION AND THE CONFEDERATES. THEIR NATION MAINTAINED A PRINCIPAL CHIEF THROUGHOUT THIS PERIOD.
http://www.bigorrin.org/
Tuesday, December 14, 2010
MARRIANE WILLIAMSON
THIS LADY BECAME INTERNATIONALLY FAMOUS FOR SPEAKING ABOUT HOW GOD WORKS MIRACLES IN PEOPLE'S LIVES. SHE HAD SUFFERED FROM A MAJOR NERVOUS BREAKDOWN AND WAS KNOWN TO ME AS I STRUGGLED THROUGH DEPRESSION AFTER LEAVING MY JOB AND BECOMING A MOM. ALSO ALL THE COACHES I KNEW KNEW OF HER. I HEARD HER SPEAK IN SEBASTOPOL ONCE AND SHE HAD A WAY OF SPEAKING THAT GOT PEOPLE THINKING ABOUT BECOMING MOTIVATED - SORT OF WHAT IO WAS DOING WITH GROUPS OF PEOPLE AS A COACH.
IN 1989 SHE FOUNDED PROJECT ANGEL FOOD A MEALS ON WHEELS PROGRAM TO SERVE 1000 PEOPLE DAILY. SHE FOUNDED THE DEPARTMENT OF PEACE CAMPAIGN, A GRASSROOTS CAMPAIGN TO ESTABLISH A U S DEPARTMENT OF PEACE. IN 2006 NEWSWEEK NAMED MARRIANE ONE OF THE 50 MOST INFLUENTIAL BABY BOOMERS. SHE HAS WRITTEN 10 PUBLISHED BOOKS AND FOUR WERE BEST SELLERS.
HER MOST OFTEN USED QUOTE IS "OUR DEEPEST FEAR IS THAT WE ARE INADEQUATE. OUR DEEPEST FEAR IS THAT WE ARE POWERFUL BEYOND MEASURE." THE PURPOSE OF OUR LIVES IS TO GIVE BIRTH TO THE BEST WHICH IS WRITTEN WITHIN US. HER PHILOSOPHY ADOPTS A NEW THOUGHT APPROACH TO SPIRITUALITY.
SHE GAINED ATTENTION BY DISCUSSING HER COURSE IN MIRACLES ON THE OPRAH WINFREY SHOW. I STARTED TO TAKE HER COURSE IN MIRACLES AT MY CHURCH A LONG TIME AGO WHEN I SUFFERED FROM DEPRESSION. I DID NOT FIND IT THAT USEFUL, I DID USE HER TAPES TO HELP ME TRANSFORM MY LIFE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING.
IN 1989 SHE FOUNDED PROJECT ANGEL FOOD A MEALS ON WHEELS PROGRAM TO SERVE 1000 PEOPLE DAILY. SHE FOUNDED THE DEPARTMENT OF PEACE CAMPAIGN, A GRASSROOTS CAMPAIGN TO ESTABLISH A U S DEPARTMENT OF PEACE. IN 2006 NEWSWEEK NAMED MARRIANE ONE OF THE 50 MOST INFLUENTIAL BABY BOOMERS. SHE HAS WRITTEN 10 PUBLISHED BOOKS AND FOUR WERE BEST SELLERS.
HER MOST OFTEN USED QUOTE IS "OUR DEEPEST FEAR IS THAT WE ARE INADEQUATE. OUR DEEPEST FEAR IS THAT WE ARE POWERFUL BEYOND MEASURE." THE PURPOSE OF OUR LIVES IS TO GIVE BIRTH TO THE BEST WHICH IS WRITTEN WITHIN US. HER PHILOSOPHY ADOPTS A NEW THOUGHT APPROACH TO SPIRITUALITY.
SHE GAINED ATTENTION BY DISCUSSING HER COURSE IN MIRACLES ON THE OPRAH WINFREY SHOW. I STARTED TO TAKE HER COURSE IN MIRACLES AT MY CHURCH A LONG TIME AGO WHEN I SUFFERED FROM DEPRESSION. I DID NOT FIND IT THAT USEFUL, I DID USE HER TAPES TO HELP ME TRANSFORM MY LIFE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING.
BELIEF OF REINCARNATION
REINCARNATION IS BELIEVED TO OCCUR WHEN THE SOULS OR SPIRIT OF THE BODY AFTER DEATH COMES BACK TO LIFE IN A NEWBORN BODY. IT'S ALSO KNOWN AS TRANSMIGRATION OF THE SOUL. IT IS A BELIEF THAT IS CENTRAL THE MAJORITY OF INDIAN RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS SUCH AS HINDU, BUDDHISM, JAINISM, AND MANY MEXICAN CULTURES. IT WAS CENTRAL TO SOME GREEK PHILOSOPHERS THIS BELIEF IS FOUND IN MANY OTHER COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD SUCH AS SIBERIA , WEST AFRICA, NORTH AMERICA, AND AUSTRALIA.
THE SOUL CAN REINCARNATE INTO ANOTHER FORM EITHER HUMAN, ANIMAL OR INSECT. THE ENTIRE PROCESS IS REFERRED TO AS SAMSARA. DEVAS OR GODS MAY ALSO DIE AND LIVE AGAIN. AND HINDU GODS ARE SAID TO HAVE REINCARNATED . CELTIC RELIGION ALSO HAS REINCARNATING GODS. MANY CHRISTIANS STILL REGARD JESUS AS A DIVINE INCARNATION AND THEY BELIEVE HE AND SOME PROPHETS MAY INCARNATE AGAIN.
THE BUDDHA LIVED A TIME OF GREAT CREATIVITY IN PHILOSOPHY IN INDIA THEY HAD MANY CONCEPTIONS OF NATURE OF LIFE AND DEATH WERE PROPOSED. SOME WERE MATERIALISTIC, HOLDING THAT THERE IS NO EXISTENCE THAT THERE WE ARE ANNIHILATED UPON DEATH. SOME MUSLIM SEATS BELIEVE THEIR FOUNDERS HAVE SPECIAL SENSE OF DIVINE INCARNATION. THE BUDDHIST CONCEPT OF REINCARNATION DIFFERS FROM OTHERS IN THAT THERE IS NO EXTERNAL SOUL BUT A STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS THAT LINKS LIFE WITH LIFE. IN BUDDHIST TRADITION THE PROCESS OCCURS ACROSS FIVE OR SIX REALMS OF EXISTENCE INCLUDING THE HUMAN, ANY ANIMALS, AND VARIOUS TYPES OF SUPERNATURAL BEINGS.
HISTORY OF REINCARNATION
THE NOTION OF THIS BELIEF IS DATED TO AT LEAST 1200 B.C. IN INDIA AND GREECE. OR IT MAY HAVE ORIGINATED IN THE TRIBAL RELIGIONS OF THE GANGES VALLEY; OR IN PREHISTORIC TRADITIONS OF SOUTH INDIA.
EARLY GREEK DISCUSSION DATES TO THE 6TH CENTURY B.C. PHERECYDES IS AN EARLY GREEK THINKER WHO CONSIDERED REBIRTH IN 450 B.C. PLATO ALSO WROTE ABOUT REINCARNATION IN 400 - 300 B.C. PLATO'S TEACHER SOCRATES SAID UPON HIS DEATH THAT "I AM CONFIDENT THAT THERE IS TRULY SUCH A THING AS LIVING AGAIN, AND THAT THE LIVING SPRING FROM THE DEAD."
PAST LIVES
AN ATTEMPT TO KNOW ABOUT PAST LIVES BEEN DEVELOPED IN VARIOUS WAYS IN DIFFERENT PLACES. THE EARLY BUDDHIST TEXTS DISCUSS TECHNIQUES FOR RECALLING PREVIOUS BIRTHS, BASED UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF OF HIGHER LEVELS OF MEDITATION.
TIBETAN BUDDHISM HAS DEVELOPED A UNIQUE SCIENCE OF DEATH AND REBIRTH , A GOD DEAL OF WHICH IS SET DOWN IN A POPULAR BOOK - THE TIBETAN BOOK OF THE DEAD. THE ORPHIC RELIGION IN GREECE IN THE 6TH CENTURY B.C. TAUGHT REINCARNATION IN MYSTERY SCHOOLS. THE WHEEL OF BIRTH REVOLVES, THE SOUL ALTERNATES BETWEEN FREEDOM AND CAPTIVITY AROUND A WIDE CIRCLE OF NECESSITY.
TAOIST
TAOIST DOCUMENTS FROM 3RD CENTURY B.C. CLAIMED THAT LAU TZU APPEARED ON EARTH AS DIFFERENT PERSONS AND IN DIFFERENT TIMES BEGINNING IN THE SOVEREIGNS AND FIVE EMPERORS. TZU STATES "BIRTH IS NOT A BEGINNING, DEATH IS NOT AN END." THERE IS CONTINUITY WITHOUT A STARTING POINT . TIME IS CONTINUITY WITH A STARTING POINT.
THE CELTS
THE CELTS BELIEVED THAT THE SOULS OF MEN ARE IMMORTAL AND AFTER A FIXED NUMBER OF YEARS THEY WILL ENTER INTO ANOTHER BODY. THE HUMAN SOUL IS INDESTRUCTIBLE WHICH ACCORDING TO THEM, PASSES AT DEATH FROM ONE TENEMENT TO ANOTHER.
NORSE MYTHOLOGY
REINCARNATION ALSO APPEARS IN NORSE MYTHOLOGY. THE EDITOR OF POETIC EDDA SAYS THAT THE LOVERS IN THE STORY WERE REBORN A SECOND TIME. THE VIKINGS PROBABLY ALSO BELIEVE IN REINCARNATION.
19TH CENTURY PHILOSOPHERS
THE DISCUSSION OF REINCARNATION WAS ENTERED INTO BY AMERICAN TRANSCENDENTALISTS -HENRY THOREAU, WALT WHITMAN, AND RALPH EMERSON. LATER IN THE EARLY 1900'S INTEREST IN REINCARNATION WAS INTRODUCED INTO PSYCHOLOGY DUE TO WILLIAM JAMES WHO DISCUSSED COMPARATIVE RELIGION AND THE NATURE OF EMPIRICISM.
AT THIS TIME THE IDEA OF REINCARNATION WAS BOOSTED AT A THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. HYPNOSIS USED TO RETRIEVE FORGOTTEN MEMORIES WAS TRIED FOR STUDYING PAST LIFE RECALL. THE DALI LAMA SAID IT'S GOING TO BE HARD TO DISPROVE REINCARNATION. IT IS A BELIEF HELD IN ALL MAJOR RELIGIONS EXCEPT CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM.
NATIVE AMERICAN NATIONS
MANY NATIVE AMERICAN INUIT TRADITIONS BELIEVE IN REINCARNATION. IN THE NORTH POLE IT IS ENSHRINED IN THE INUIT LANGUAGE. A WINNEBAGO SHAMAN TELLS OF THIS STORY OF HUMAN REINCARNATION. HE TALKS ABOUT HIS TWO PREVIOUS LIVES AND HOW HE DIED AND CAME BACK A THIRD TIME. THE TIME BETWEEN HIS LIVES HE EXPRESSES AS BEING BLESSED BY EARTH MAKER AND HIS SPECIAL POWERS TO HEAL THE SICK.
"HIS GHOST WAS TAKEN TO WHERE THE SUN SETS. WHILE THERE HE SAID I THOUGHT I'D COME BACK TO EARTH AGAIN. "MY SON, DID YOU NOT SPEAK OF WANTING TO GO TO THE EARTH AGAIN? YOU CAN GO, BUT ASKED THE CHIEF FIRST. THE CHIEF TOLD HIM TO GO AND OBTAIN YOUR REVENGE UPON THE PEOPLE WHO KILLED YOUR RELATIVES AND YOU. THEN HE WAS BROUGHT DOWN TO EARTH. HE LIVED A LONG LIFE AND WAS BURIED. SOMEONE SAID TO HIM LET'S GO AGAIN. SO THEN THEY WENT TOWARD THE SETTING OF THE SUN AND MET ALL THE DEAD. AND HE HE CAME TO THE EARTH AGAIN (RADIN 1923).
WIKIPEDIA
THE SOUL CAN REINCARNATE INTO ANOTHER FORM EITHER HUMAN, ANIMAL OR INSECT. THE ENTIRE PROCESS IS REFERRED TO AS SAMSARA. DEVAS OR GODS MAY ALSO DIE AND LIVE AGAIN. AND HINDU GODS ARE SAID TO HAVE REINCARNATED . CELTIC RELIGION ALSO HAS REINCARNATING GODS. MANY CHRISTIANS STILL REGARD JESUS AS A DIVINE INCARNATION AND THEY BELIEVE HE AND SOME PROPHETS MAY INCARNATE AGAIN.
THE BUDDHA LIVED A TIME OF GREAT CREATIVITY IN PHILOSOPHY IN INDIA THEY HAD MANY CONCEPTIONS OF NATURE OF LIFE AND DEATH WERE PROPOSED. SOME WERE MATERIALISTIC, HOLDING THAT THERE IS NO EXISTENCE THAT THERE WE ARE ANNIHILATED UPON DEATH. SOME MUSLIM SEATS BELIEVE THEIR FOUNDERS HAVE SPECIAL SENSE OF DIVINE INCARNATION. THE BUDDHIST CONCEPT OF REINCARNATION DIFFERS FROM OTHERS IN THAT THERE IS NO EXTERNAL SOUL BUT A STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS THAT LINKS LIFE WITH LIFE. IN BUDDHIST TRADITION THE PROCESS OCCURS ACROSS FIVE OR SIX REALMS OF EXISTENCE INCLUDING THE HUMAN, ANY ANIMALS, AND VARIOUS TYPES OF SUPERNATURAL BEINGS.
HISTORY OF REINCARNATION
THE NOTION OF THIS BELIEF IS DATED TO AT LEAST 1200 B.C. IN INDIA AND GREECE. OR IT MAY HAVE ORIGINATED IN THE TRIBAL RELIGIONS OF THE GANGES VALLEY; OR IN PREHISTORIC TRADITIONS OF SOUTH INDIA.
EARLY GREEK DISCUSSION DATES TO THE 6TH CENTURY B.C. PHERECYDES IS AN EARLY GREEK THINKER WHO CONSIDERED REBIRTH IN 450 B.C. PLATO ALSO WROTE ABOUT REINCARNATION IN 400 - 300 B.C. PLATO'S TEACHER SOCRATES SAID UPON HIS DEATH THAT "I AM CONFIDENT THAT THERE IS TRULY SUCH A THING AS LIVING AGAIN, AND THAT THE LIVING SPRING FROM THE DEAD."
PAST LIVES
AN ATTEMPT TO KNOW ABOUT PAST LIVES BEEN DEVELOPED IN VARIOUS WAYS IN DIFFERENT PLACES. THE EARLY BUDDHIST TEXTS DISCUSS TECHNIQUES FOR RECALLING PREVIOUS BIRTHS, BASED UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF OF HIGHER LEVELS OF MEDITATION.
TIBETAN BUDDHISM HAS DEVELOPED A UNIQUE SCIENCE OF DEATH AND REBIRTH , A GOD DEAL OF WHICH IS SET DOWN IN A POPULAR BOOK - THE TIBETAN BOOK OF THE DEAD. THE ORPHIC RELIGION IN GREECE IN THE 6TH CENTURY B.C. TAUGHT REINCARNATION IN MYSTERY SCHOOLS. THE WHEEL OF BIRTH REVOLVES, THE SOUL ALTERNATES BETWEEN FREEDOM AND CAPTIVITY AROUND A WIDE CIRCLE OF NECESSITY.
TAOIST
TAOIST DOCUMENTS FROM 3RD CENTURY B.C. CLAIMED THAT LAU TZU APPEARED ON EARTH AS DIFFERENT PERSONS AND IN DIFFERENT TIMES BEGINNING IN THE SOVEREIGNS AND FIVE EMPERORS. TZU STATES "BIRTH IS NOT A BEGINNING, DEATH IS NOT AN END." THERE IS CONTINUITY WITHOUT A STARTING POINT . TIME IS CONTINUITY WITH A STARTING POINT.
THE CELTS
THE CELTS BELIEVED THAT THE SOULS OF MEN ARE IMMORTAL AND AFTER A FIXED NUMBER OF YEARS THEY WILL ENTER INTO ANOTHER BODY. THE HUMAN SOUL IS INDESTRUCTIBLE WHICH ACCORDING TO THEM, PASSES AT DEATH FROM ONE TENEMENT TO ANOTHER.
NORSE MYTHOLOGY
REINCARNATION ALSO APPEARS IN NORSE MYTHOLOGY. THE EDITOR OF POETIC EDDA SAYS THAT THE LOVERS IN THE STORY WERE REBORN A SECOND TIME. THE VIKINGS PROBABLY ALSO BELIEVE IN REINCARNATION.
19TH CENTURY PHILOSOPHERS
THE DISCUSSION OF REINCARNATION WAS ENTERED INTO BY AMERICAN TRANSCENDENTALISTS -HENRY THOREAU, WALT WHITMAN, AND RALPH EMERSON. LATER IN THE EARLY 1900'S INTEREST IN REINCARNATION WAS INTRODUCED INTO PSYCHOLOGY DUE TO WILLIAM JAMES WHO DISCUSSED COMPARATIVE RELIGION AND THE NATURE OF EMPIRICISM.
AT THIS TIME THE IDEA OF REINCARNATION WAS BOOSTED AT A THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. HYPNOSIS USED TO RETRIEVE FORGOTTEN MEMORIES WAS TRIED FOR STUDYING PAST LIFE RECALL. THE DALI LAMA SAID IT'S GOING TO BE HARD TO DISPROVE REINCARNATION. IT IS A BELIEF HELD IN ALL MAJOR RELIGIONS EXCEPT CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM.
NATIVE AMERICAN NATIONS
MANY NATIVE AMERICAN INUIT TRADITIONS BELIEVE IN REINCARNATION. IN THE NORTH POLE IT IS ENSHRINED IN THE INUIT LANGUAGE. A WINNEBAGO SHAMAN TELLS OF THIS STORY OF HUMAN REINCARNATION. HE TALKS ABOUT HIS TWO PREVIOUS LIVES AND HOW HE DIED AND CAME BACK A THIRD TIME. THE TIME BETWEEN HIS LIVES HE EXPRESSES AS BEING BLESSED BY EARTH MAKER AND HIS SPECIAL POWERS TO HEAL THE SICK.
"HIS GHOST WAS TAKEN TO WHERE THE SUN SETS. WHILE THERE HE SAID I THOUGHT I'D COME BACK TO EARTH AGAIN. "MY SON, DID YOU NOT SPEAK OF WANTING TO GO TO THE EARTH AGAIN? YOU CAN GO, BUT ASKED THE CHIEF FIRST. THE CHIEF TOLD HIM TO GO AND OBTAIN YOUR REVENGE UPON THE PEOPLE WHO KILLED YOUR RELATIVES AND YOU. THEN HE WAS BROUGHT DOWN TO EARTH. HE LIVED A LONG LIFE AND WAS BURIED. SOMEONE SAID TO HIM LET'S GO AGAIN. SO THEN THEY WENT TOWARD THE SETTING OF THE SUN AND MET ALL THE DEAD. AND HE HE CAME TO THE EARTH AGAIN (RADIN 1923).
WIKIPEDIA
Monday, December 13, 2010
SONOMA COUNTY'S ACORN CROP
I WENT HIKING AT BISHOP'S RANCH AND NOTICED THAT THERE WERE FEW ACORNS OF ANY TYPE THIS FALL. I ASKED THE MANAGER ABOUT THAT AND HE AGREED THAT HE HAD NOT SEEN MANY THIS YEAR AS WELL. I ALSO WAS AT THE JUNIOR COLLEGE AND NOTICED THAT THEY HAD SOME ACORNS ON THE GROUND AND A LADY FROM THE LAGUNA LAND TRUST WAS PICKING THEM UP. SHE SAID IT WAS INDEED A POOR YEAR FOR ACORNS IN THIS AREA.
I STARTED THINKING ABOUT HOW THE PREHISTORIC INDIANS USED TO TRADE BETWEEN SO MANY MILES WHEN RESOURCES WERE SCARCE IN ONE AREA. SO THE FOLKS IN MENDOCINO COUNTY - THE WAILAKI AND THE YUKI, AND PERHAPS THE SOUTHEAST POMO COULD HAVE TRADED WITH THE EASTERN POMO AND THE LYTTON TRIBE POMO FOR ACORNS IN EXCHANGE FOR WASHINGTON SHELL BEAD MONEY, OR PERHAPS FOR DEER MEAT OR TANNED HIDE.. WHO KNOWS. OR PERHAPS THEY WOULD HAVE HAD A STORED CONTAINER OF LAST YEAR'S ACORNS TO USE THAT WERE NOT SHELLED??
HOWEVER, I KNOW THAT IN PREHISTORIC TIMES THE INDIANS CONSIDERED THE ACORN MUSH SPIRITUAL AND I KNOW THEY WOULD HAVE SENT LONG DISTANCE RUNNERS TO FIND THIS RESOURCE AND BRING WITH THEM SOME ITEMS FOR EXCHANGE IF THEY DIDN'T HAVE ANY STORED. THE LONG DISTANCE RUNNER'S USED CHIA SEEDS TO CHEW ON THAT KEPT THEM FULL DURING THEIR RUN.
I STARTED THINKING ABOUT HOW THE PREHISTORIC INDIANS USED TO TRADE BETWEEN SO MANY MILES WHEN RESOURCES WERE SCARCE IN ONE AREA. SO THE FOLKS IN MENDOCINO COUNTY - THE WAILAKI AND THE YUKI, AND PERHAPS THE SOUTHEAST POMO COULD HAVE TRADED WITH THE EASTERN POMO AND THE LYTTON TRIBE POMO FOR ACORNS IN EXCHANGE FOR WASHINGTON SHELL BEAD MONEY, OR PERHAPS FOR DEER MEAT OR TANNED HIDE.. WHO KNOWS. OR PERHAPS THEY WOULD HAVE HAD A STORED CONTAINER OF LAST YEAR'S ACORNS TO USE THAT WERE NOT SHELLED??
HOWEVER, I KNOW THAT IN PREHISTORIC TIMES THE INDIANS CONSIDERED THE ACORN MUSH SPIRITUAL AND I KNOW THEY WOULD HAVE SENT LONG DISTANCE RUNNERS TO FIND THIS RESOURCE AND BRING WITH THEM SOME ITEMS FOR EXCHANGE IF THEY DIDN'T HAVE ANY STORED. THE LONG DISTANCE RUNNER'S USED CHIA SEEDS TO CHEW ON THAT KEPT THEM FULL DURING THEIR RUN.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)