THIS COUNTRY HAS THE WORLD'S POPULOUS NATION, 203 MILLION! THEY LIVE ON 1000 ISLANDS. THEY HAVE ABOUT 2 TO 300 ETHNIC GROUPS ON ISLANDS. THEIR PEOPLE ARE MULTI-CULTURAL.THE NATURE OF THE THIS ISLAND IS SIMILAR TO INDIA. THEY STRUGGLE FROM HAVING EUROPEANS TAKE OVER THEIR COUNTRY. TODAY THEY HAVE OVER 200 MILLION FOLKS IN THE ISLANDS. THE NATURE OF THE CULTURE IS SIMILAR TO INDIA. THEIR CLIMATE IS HOT AND NEAR THE EQUATOR.
INDONESIANS ARE SHORT AND HAVE BLACK HAIR AND BROWN SKIN. THEY MINGLE WITH OTHER POLYNESIANS THERE. INDONESIA IS A WORK IN PROGRESS. THE NAME MEANT INDIAN ISLANDS. THE NAME WAS GIVEN WAS GIVEN IN 1850. IT IS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. INDOS AND HAS PARALLELS IN MELANESIA, MICRONESIA AND POLYNESIA. THE CULTURE IS A WORK IN PROGRESS UNDERGOING PARTICULAR STRESSES. MOST FOLKS ARE MULTIETHNIC. LARGE CITIES MAY CONSIST OF MANY ETHNIC GROUPS AND SOME CITIES HAVE DEVELOPED CENTURIES OF INTERACTION OF PEOPLE AND POLITICAL ADMINISTRATION. SOME REGIONS SHARE A LONG TERM MALAYO-MUSLIM INFLUENCE. UPLAND AND UPLAND AND UPRIVER PEOPLE IN THESE REGIONS HAVE INDIFFERENT SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS ORIENTATIONS.
INDONESIA IS ONE OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST ARCHIPELEGO NATIONS. IT IS SURROUNDING BUY OCEANS AND STRAITS. IT'S LOCATION HAS PLAYED A PROFOUND ROLE IN ECONOMICS, CULTURAL, AND RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENTS.
TRADING SHIPS FOR OVER 2000 YEARS HAVE SAILED FROM INDIA AND CHINA TO THESE ISLANDS WITH SPICES AND FOREST PRODUCTS. SMALL AND LARGE KINGDOMS GREW AS A RESULT OF GREAT TRADE. INDONESIA HAS SOME OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST ISLANDS. THEY HAVE MOUNTAIN PEAKS OF 9000' AND THEY HAVE 400 VOLCANOES. THERE HAVE BEEN 29 ERUPTIONS, SOME WITH TRAFFIC EFFECTS.
JAVA IS THE WORLD'S MOST DENSELY SETTLED AREA, WITH 60% OF THE COUNTRIES POPULATION.
THEY HAVE TWO TYPES OF AGRICULTURE: PERMANENT IRRIGATED RICE AND FARMING AND ROTATING SWIDDEN AND SLASH AND BURN FARMING OF RICE, CORN, BEANS, AND OTHER CROPS. THEIR RELIGION IS MUSLIM, HINDUS, AND BUDDISTS WHICH UNIFIES THEM .
INDONESIA HAD A LONG TIME OF COLONIAL CONTACT. THESE ISLANDS WERE UNDER DUTCH RULE. FROM 1670 TO 1942. THEY WERE INTERESTED PLANTATION CROP AND DID LITTLT DEVELOP SOCIETY. IN 1942 A JAPANESE INVASION LED TO THEIR INDEPENDENCE IN 1949. THE ISLANDS OF JAVA , MADERA, AND BALI MAKE UP 7% LAND AREA. THESE ISLANDS HAVE 63%THE POPULATION AND IS THE CENTER OF MODERN TOURIST INDUSTRY. THERE ARE A DOZEN DIFFERENT CULTURES.
MOST ISLANDS ARE FORM GEOGRAPHICAL ENCLAVES. FORESTS IN THE INNER ISLANDS ARE NOW LARGELY GONE. SOME ISLANDS HAVE RICH JUNGLES. MANY OF THEIR AGRICULTURAL FIELDS HAVE FIELDS HAVE VEGITABLES, TROPICAL FRUITS, SAGO, AND CULTIVATED OR FOREST CROPS AND CULTIVATED OR FOREST CROPS. THEY HAD PLANTATION CROPS OF RUBBER, SISAL, COFFEE, TAX AND TOBACCO AND COCONUTS. OTHER ISLANDS HAVE MINES OF GOLD, TIN, AND NICKLE. SOME HAVE LIQUID GAS.
NATIVE LANGUAGE IS USED IN THEIR HOMES, BUT INDONESIAN IN PUBLIC. THEIR MOTTO IS UNITY AND DIVERSITY. THE CHILDREN SING THE NATIONAL ANTHEM AND BEGIN THEIR DAY WITH RAISING THE FLAG.
ABOUT 200 C.E. THE SMALL STATE'S DECLINATION ABOUT 1400 C.E THERE WERE MUSLIM TRADERS. THE AREA'S ARCHITECTURE WAS DEEPLY INFLUENCED BY INDIA, BUDDHISM, AND HINDUISM. DURING NEXT TWO HUNDRED YEARS DUTCH AND EAST INDIA HAD LOCAL BATTLES AND EAST INDIA COMPANY HAD LOCAL BATTLES TO TRADERS. THE COMPANY WENT BANKRUPT.
IN 1942 THE JAPANESE TOOK OVER THE INDIES AND IMPRISONED DUTCH UNDER HARSH CONDITIONS. BY 1945 THE INDONESIANS DECLARED INDEPEPENDANCE THE DUTCH DID NOT WIN.
PAST CIVILIZATIONS ARE BY ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS. THERE ARE 4 TO 6 MILLION CHINESE HERE. THEY HAVE MOSTLY STAYED IN THEIR SMALL COMMUNITIES. THERE HAS BEEN PERIODIC VIOLENCE TOWARD CHINESE.
INDONESIA HAS BEEN ONE OF THE MOST CORRUPT NATIONS MANIPULATION OF CONTRACTS. BECAUSE JAVA HAS SO MANY FOLKS, THEY HAVE MOVED FOLKS TO OUTER ISLANDS. BUT IT HAS NOT EASED POPULATION PRESSURE IN JAVA. BOTH MEN AND WOMEN SHARE THE VILLAGE CHORES. MEN PLOW FOR AGRICULTURE. AND MEN AND WOMEN HARVEST PLANTS. MEN PREDOMINANTLY HUNT AND FISH. IF MEN SEEK LONG TERM WORK OUTSIDE THE VILLAGE WOMEN MAY DO ALL THE FARMING. WOMEN ARE IN STORES , SMALL INDUSTRIES, AND MARKETS. TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ARE MOSTLY MEN. THERE ARE BOTH HETEROSEXUAL AND HOMOSEXUAL COUPLES. SOME MARIAGES. ARE ARRANGED. MOST FAMILIES ARE NUCLEA4R.
INHERITANCE PATTERNS ARE CHANGING AND CAN PRODUCE CONFLICTS. THEIR GOVERNMENT SYSTEM FOR YOUNG CHILDREN ARE POORLY EQUIPPED. MANY INDONESIANS HAVE GAINED ADVANCED DEGREES ABROAD AND HAVE RETURNED TO SERVE COUNTRY.
WOMEN WALKING ALONE ARE SOME TIMES HARRASSED. IN HOMES PEOPLE ARE TREATED WELL. PATIENCE IS AWARDED AND THEY ARE GIVEN A SUMPTUANCE MEAL BY A HOST. THE MUSLIMS HAVE DIFFERENT CUSTOMS. SOME SHAKE HANDS. PEOPLE LEARN CORRECT BEHAVIOR THROUGH AGE.
80% OF FOLKS HERE ARE MUSLIM. IN 1990 ABOUT 10% ARE
CHRISTIAN FOLKS WITH TWICE AS MANY PROTESTANTS AND A FEW HINDUS. THERE ARE WITCH CRAFT PRACTICES. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS CONVERTED FREELY AMONG NON MUSLIMS.
MOST PEOPLE LIVE IN SMALLSTONE ANS WOOD BAMBOO HOMES IN URBAN VILLAGES OR COMPOUNDS. THEY HAD POOR ACCESSTO CLEAN WATER. TRADITIONAL HOUSES ARE BUILT IN A SINGLE DAY WITH CERTAIN CHURCHES. WINDOWS OF GLASS ARE PRECIOUS ARE PRECIOUS. INDONESIAN CUISINE IS VERY DIVERSE. THE WOMEN IN BALI CARRY TOWERING BASKETS OF FRUIT ON THEIR HEADS DURING TEMPLE FESTIVALS. WHITE RICE IS A STAPLE IN MOST MARKETS. IN OTHER PLACES IT IS SAGO OR CORN. FISH PLAYS A SMALL PART IN THE DIETS. REFRIGERATION IS SOMEWHAT RARE. POOR FOLKS HAVE MUCH LESS ACCESS TO VARIOUS FOODS.
THE MOST STRIKING FESTIVAL IS THE MUSLIM MONTH OF FASTING OR RAMADAN. THEY FAST DURING THE HOT DAY AND DRINK AT NIGHT. AT THE END THEY VISIT EACH OTHER'S HOMES TO SHARE FOOD. SOME FOOD IS SHARED AND SERVED TO THE SPIRITS OF THE DECEASED AND EATEN BY PARTICIPANTS. THEY HAVE CELEBRATIONS ON MARRIAGES AND FUNERALS. SOME SPECIAL OCCASIONS HAVE STRANGE FOODS. SOME HAVE BUFFALO FOR A FUNERAL OR MARRIAGE.
ABOUT 60% ARE FARMERS WHO PRODUCE SUBSISTANCE CROPS. THERE ARE SOME LARGE PLANTATIONS. COMMON FARM ANIMALS ARE CATTLE, BUFFALO, HORSES, CHICKENS AND IN MUSLIM AREAS THEY HAVE PIGS. BOTH FRESHWATER AND SEA FISHING ARE IMPORTANT TO VILLAGE AND NATIONAL ECONOMIES. PROCESSED WOOD IS GOOD FOR EXPORT AND FOR PEOPLE HERE. IN COLONIAL TIMES THE COUNTRY HAD AGRICULTURE FOR SINGLE CRAFT AND THE OTHER WAS EXPORT ORIENTED.
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IN 1997 THEY HAD A SEVERE ECONOMIC DOWNTURN. IN MANY AREAS OF INDONESIA CLANS HAVE LAND RIGHTS. SOME OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES HAVE BEEN WELL KNOWN TRADERS AS ARE THE CHINESE. BUGIS SAILING SHIPS ARE BUILT BY HAND, AND ARE 30 TO 150 TONS AND FOODS TO MANY ISLANDS HERE. THEY HAVE COMPLEX MARKET SYSTEMS WITH VARIOUS WAYS TO TRANSPORT GOODS,
THESE ISLANDS HAVE CHIEFDOMS THAT WERE HIERARCHIALLY ORDERED. THEY HAD CENTERS FOR ARTS.: MUSIC, POETRY, DANCE, THEATRE, POETRY. SILVERMAKING AND BATIKS.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
Friday, September 28, 2012
TRANSPLANTING NATIVE SPECIES
IN CALIFORNIA NATIVES WIDENED THE POPULATION OF NATIVE SPECIES. TRANSPORTING THE NATIVE SPECIES BY TRANSPLANTING OR SOWING SEEDS AT TRADITIONAL COLLECTION SITES AWAY FROM AND ADJACENT TO VILLAGE SITES. THIS WAY OF INTERVENING WITH CERTAIN PLANTS THAT WERE FAVORED GROWING NEAR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES. THIS DELIBERATE MOVEMENT OF PLANTS MOVEMENT OF PLANTS NEAR VILLAGES OCCURRED FOR 1000'S OF YEARS.
IN TREATING THE WILD PLANTS THE NATIVES ALSO REMOVED OR WEEDED CERTAIN PLANTS FROM THEIR VILLAGE AREAS. WE KNOW THEY REMOVED DOUGLAS FIR SEEDLINGS.
LARGE BEDS OF DESIRABLE PLANTS SUCH AS SEDGE AND BRACKEN FERNIN SIERRAS WERE WEEDED IN ORDER TO PRODUCE MORE TUBERS FOR BASKETRY MATERIAL.
THE POMO WEEDED CERTAIN BULBS WITH MEDICINAL VALUE AS WELL. WEEDING IMPROVES THE POTENTIAL OF CERTAIN PLANTS TO BE PRESENT BY CLEARING AWAY DEAD ROOTS AND BRANCHES, AND EXCESSIVE LITTER FROM AROUND THE TRANSPLANTED PLANT. SOME OF THE ROOT OF THE SOAPROOT WAS LEFT FOR REJUVENATION IN SEVERALYEARS.
KAT ANDERSON
Thursday, September 27, 2012
THAILAND CULTURE
ASSOCIATED WITH DOMINANT ETHNIC GROUPS. IT WAS A MONARCHY UNTIL 1952. IN 1939 THEIR NAME CHANGED TO SIAM VS. THAILAND. MILITARY DICTATES RULED UNTIL THE EARLY 1970'S. SINCE THEN THE MILITARY DICTATORS RULED THE NATION, BUT DIMINISHED IN THE 1990'S. MORE LIBERAL POLICIES WERE ADOPTED. THE KINGDOMS OF THAILAND HAS 4 MAIN REGIONS. THE THAI LIVE MAINLY IN THE CENTRAL REGIONS WITH HILLS IN THE CENTRAL REGION.
BANKOK, THE CAPITAL, WAS INVADED IN 1767 BY BURMESE. IT HAS OVER 10 MILLION FOLKS. THEY HAVE 75 ETHNIC GROUPS. THEY HAVE 75 ETHNIC GROUPS WITH 84% OF THE POPULATION. THEY HAVE CHINESE AND MALAY SPEAKING MUSLIMS. MANY ETHNIC GROUPSSPEAK NON KHIMER.
THEIR MOST POTENT NATIONAL SYMBOL IS THE KING AND THE IMAGE OF BUDDISM. THEIR EARLIEST BRONZE ARTIFACT DATE IS 3000 YEARS AGO. THEY HAD AGRICULTURE THAT FAR BACK. IN THE 8TH AND 9TH CENTURIES INDIAN CIVILIZATION WAS IN THIS COUNTRY. AS EARLY AS THE 5TH OR 6TH CENTURY. THAI SPEAKING PEOPLE MIGRATED TO THE SOUTH. THE FOUNDER OF THE KINGDOM PROMOTED BUDDISM. BY 1580 A PART OF THAILAND WAS REJUVENATED . THAILAND IS A MAJOR PRODUCER OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS,
THAILAND IS A HOMOGENOUS COUNTRY WITH 75 ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS. THE CHINESE HAVE BEEN HERE FOR CENTURIES THEY EXPORTED RICE . BY THE 20TH CENTURY THEY HAD THEIR OWN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. BY 1930 THE GOVERNMENT CLOSED THEIR NEWSPAPER.
THEIR TRADITIONAL HOUSE IS RAISED ON A FRAMEWORK OF WOODEN POSTS TP PROTECT FROM FLOODS. UNDERNEATH THE PORCH THE WOMEN COULD SLEEP. THE HOUSE IS MADE OF PRECONSTRUCTED FABRIC THAT FITS TOGETHER. THE REAR OF THE HOUSE HAS A PLACE TO CLOTHES. TYPICASLLY THEY SAT ON MATS AND HAD LITTLE FURNITURE. IN LARGER HOUSES THEY HAVE A SEPARATE KITCHEN AND GRANERY.
RICE IS THE STAPLE AT EVERY MEAL. THEY BRING DISHES OF SIDE PLATES, SOUP, AND SALAD. SOME EAT STICKY RICE. FISH IS POPULAR AS ARE CURRIES. SOME FOLKS EAT MEAT. CHINESE MAKE NOODLE DISHES. SWEETS ARE EATEN AS SNACKS. THEY EAT GREEN PAPAYA SALAD. THE WOMEN USED DECORATIVE CARVING OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS. THEY PRODUCE COMMERCIAL ALCOHOLIC DRINKS.
THE LAND HAS A DIVERSIFIED ORIENTED ECONOMY THAT GREW RAPIDLY IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY. TOURISM HAS LED TO IT'S GROWTH. AGRICULTURAL PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO OVER 60 PERCENT OF THE WORKFORCE. 85% ARE BUDDISTS. LARGE ESTATES ARE RARE. ABOUT 90% OF FARMERS OWN LAND. THEIR PRIMARY AGRICULTURE CROPS ARE RICE, TAPIOCA, SUGAR CON AND FRUITS. IN ADULT TO FRESH AND FROZEN AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS. THEY HAVE LARGE FISHING INDUSTRY. THEY ARE ONE OF THE WORLD'S LEADING PRODUCERS OF RUBBER. THE COUNTRY IS A CENTER CUTTING AND SELLING GEMS. IT IS A PLACE FOR TOURISTS DESTINATION. THE U.S. IS A MAJOR SOURCE OF INVESTMENT.
THEY EXPORT COMPUTERS, CIRCUITS, AND OTHER ELECTRICAL GADGETS.
FOLKS FIND THEIR OWN PARTNERS. DURING MARRIAGE THEY GET MANY GIFTS. POLYGYMY WAS COMMON IN THE PAST BUT NOT NOW. THEY ALSO HAVE DIVORCE WITHOUT LAWYERS.
IDEALLY A MARRIED COUPLE HAS THEIR OWN HOUSEHOLD. MANY LIVE WITH THIS KIND OF HUSBAND OR WIFE. IT OFTEN INCLUDES MEMBERS OF THE EXTENDED FAMILY. THIS COULD INCLUDE INCLUDE SISTERS, BROTHERS, WIDOWED, PARENTS, OR DISTANT RELATIVES. THE HUSBAND IS HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, AND THE WIFE HAS SPENDING AUTHORITY. SHE TAKES CARE OF THE CHILDREN. ADULTS ENJOY THEIR CHILDREN. A MOTHER KEEPS HER BABY WITH HER WHEN OUT OF THE HOUSE. KIDS ARE GIVEN FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT. THEY ARE NO LONGER BREAST AFTER TWO TO THREE YEARS. CHILDREN LEARN HOW TO USE IMPLEMENTS THST THEY WILL LATER USE AND SEE ADULTS PERFORMING AGRICULTURE. GIRLS ARE EDUCATED AT HOME UNTIL 1932 WHEN THEY DEVELOPED PUBLIC SCHOOLS. BOYS ATTENDED BUDDHIST MONASTERIES.
THERE WAS AN ECONOMIC CRISIS IN THE LATE 1990'S WITH AN INCREASE IN CHILDREN UNIVERSITIES, TECHNICAL SCHOOLS, AND RELIGIOUS UNIVERSITIES. THE FIRST UNIVERSITY WAS BUILT IN 1916. IN THE 20'S AN ARTS AND CRAFTS SCHOOL WAS BUILT. ALL OF THE UNIVERSITIES ARE IN BANGKOK. BY 1945 THEY BUILT ANOTHER UNIVERSITY. THERE ARE ONLY PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES THAT FOCUS IN BUSINESS AND EDUCATION.
THE THAI AND BUDDISTS FOLLOW A CUSTOM OF NOT TOUCHING A PERSON ON THE HEAD. THEY REMOVE SANDALSWHEN ENTERING A TEMPLE COMPLEX. MONKS ARE NOT TO COME INTO CONTACT WITH WOMEN. YOU SHOULD MEET A PERSON IN PRAYER LIKE GESTURE. MANY LARGE TREES ARE CONSIDERED TO SERVE AS THE HOME OF SPIRITS WITH OFFERINGS.
THEY NO LONGER HAVE A SIGNIFICANT PRODUCER OF NARCOTICS, BUT IS A ROUTE FOR HEROIN. THESE DRUGS ARE AFFECTING THERE SOCIAL PROBLEMS. THEIR TRADITIONAL HEALERS ARE GENERALLY MALE. TRADING IS CONDUCTED BY BOTH SEXES.
KIN GROUPS MAY SHARE DOMESTIC TASKS. THERE ARE A NUMBER OF RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS THAT ARE HELD THROUGHOUT THE THE COUNTRY. THERE ARE LOCAL EVENTS RELATED TO CERTAIN PLACES RELATED TO AND INDIVIDUALS. THE BUDDIST CALENDAR BEGINS IN MID APRIL WHEN BUDDAS ARE WASHED. THE CELEBRATION IS MARKED BY DOUSING PEOPLE WITH WATER. THEY ALSO HAVE FESTIVE BEHAVIOR WITH DANCING, SINGING, AND THEATRE. IT INCLUDES CEREMONIESOF BANYON TREES WHERE BUDDHA SAT. LENT IS A PERIOD OF CEREMONIAL RETREAT. FOR MONKS. THEY HAVE A FEBRUARY CELEBRATION WHERE CANDLES ARE LIT AT TEMPLES. BUDDISTS BELIEVE THAT THOSE WHO DIE ARE REBORN IN A FORM THAT IS APPROPRIATE TO THE AMOUNT OF MERIT THEY ACCUMULATE WHILE ALIVE.
THEY HAVE AIDS EPIDEMIC AND THE GOVERNMENT AND THE GOVERNMENT IS IS DEVOTING RESOURCES TO PROVIDE FOR ASSISTING PATIENTS. IN THE 1990'S THE GOVERNMENT ADOPTEDA POLICY OF SELF RELIANCE THAT INCLUDED ATTENTION TO TRADITIONNAL MEDICINE. MANY HEALERS ARE UNLICENSED.
THERE IS SUPPORT FOR THE ARTS THROUGH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ARTS AND DANCE RUNS PROGRAMS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. THEY HAVE PRIVATE ART GALLERIES, HOUSES, AND AUCTIONS.
THEIR WRITTEN LITERATURE DATES BACK TO 1250 TO 1350 THEY HAVE POETRY FROM THE 15TH CENTURY.
DURING HISTORIC TIMES THERE WERE ROYAL AND COMMON TEXT TRADITIONS. THE MOBILITY IMPORTED TEXTILE FROM CHINA, INDIA, AND PERSIA. PAINTING WAS DONE AS WELL AS WEAVINGS.. THEY HAVE AN ITALIAN BORN SCULPTURE WHO IS THE CENTRAL FIGURE. OF MODERN ART IN THAILAND.
CLASSICAL DANCE DEVELOPED FROM FOLK DANCES AND ELABORATE DANCING. TEACHER TRAINING AND PUBLISHING IN IN SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES ARE WELL DEVELOPED. THE GOVERNMENT HAS PROGRAMSTO ENCOURAGE STUDENTS TO TAKE PHYSICAL SCIENCE.
THAILANDEVERYCULTURE.COM
BANKOK, THE CAPITAL, WAS INVADED IN 1767 BY BURMESE. IT HAS OVER 10 MILLION FOLKS. THEY HAVE 75 ETHNIC GROUPS. THEY HAVE 75 ETHNIC GROUPS WITH 84% OF THE POPULATION. THEY HAVE CHINESE AND MALAY SPEAKING MUSLIMS. MANY ETHNIC GROUPSSPEAK NON KHIMER.
THEIR MOST POTENT NATIONAL SYMBOL IS THE KING AND THE IMAGE OF BUDDISM. THEIR EARLIEST BRONZE ARTIFACT DATE IS 3000 YEARS AGO. THEY HAD AGRICULTURE THAT FAR BACK. IN THE 8TH AND 9TH CENTURIES INDIAN CIVILIZATION WAS IN THIS COUNTRY. AS EARLY AS THE 5TH OR 6TH CENTURY. THAI SPEAKING PEOPLE MIGRATED TO THE SOUTH. THE FOUNDER OF THE KINGDOM PROMOTED BUDDISM. BY 1580 A PART OF THAILAND WAS REJUVENATED . THAILAND IS A MAJOR PRODUCER OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS,
THAILAND IS A HOMOGENOUS COUNTRY WITH 75 ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS. THE CHINESE HAVE BEEN HERE FOR CENTURIES THEY EXPORTED RICE . BY THE 20TH CENTURY THEY HAD THEIR OWN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. BY 1930 THE GOVERNMENT CLOSED THEIR NEWSPAPER.
THEIR TRADITIONAL HOUSE IS RAISED ON A FRAMEWORK OF WOODEN POSTS TP PROTECT FROM FLOODS. UNDERNEATH THE PORCH THE WOMEN COULD SLEEP. THE HOUSE IS MADE OF PRECONSTRUCTED FABRIC THAT FITS TOGETHER. THE REAR OF THE HOUSE HAS A PLACE TO CLOTHES. TYPICASLLY THEY SAT ON MATS AND HAD LITTLE FURNITURE. IN LARGER HOUSES THEY HAVE A SEPARATE KITCHEN AND GRANERY.
RICE IS THE STAPLE AT EVERY MEAL. THEY BRING DISHES OF SIDE PLATES, SOUP, AND SALAD. SOME EAT STICKY RICE. FISH IS POPULAR AS ARE CURRIES. SOME FOLKS EAT MEAT. CHINESE MAKE NOODLE DISHES. SWEETS ARE EATEN AS SNACKS. THEY EAT GREEN PAPAYA SALAD. THE WOMEN USED DECORATIVE CARVING OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS. THEY PRODUCE COMMERCIAL ALCOHOLIC DRINKS.
THE LAND HAS A DIVERSIFIED ORIENTED ECONOMY THAT GREW RAPIDLY IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY. TOURISM HAS LED TO IT'S GROWTH. AGRICULTURAL PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO OVER 60 PERCENT OF THE WORKFORCE. 85% ARE BUDDISTS. LARGE ESTATES ARE RARE. ABOUT 90% OF FARMERS OWN LAND. THEIR PRIMARY AGRICULTURE CROPS ARE RICE, TAPIOCA, SUGAR CON AND FRUITS. IN ADULT TO FRESH AND FROZEN AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS. THEY HAVE LARGE FISHING INDUSTRY. THEY ARE ONE OF THE WORLD'S LEADING PRODUCERS OF RUBBER. THE COUNTRY IS A CENTER CUTTING AND SELLING GEMS. IT IS A PLACE FOR TOURISTS DESTINATION. THE U.S. IS A MAJOR SOURCE OF INVESTMENT.
THEY EXPORT COMPUTERS, CIRCUITS, AND OTHER ELECTRICAL GADGETS.
FOLKS FIND THEIR OWN PARTNERS. DURING MARRIAGE THEY GET MANY GIFTS. POLYGYMY WAS COMMON IN THE PAST BUT NOT NOW. THEY ALSO HAVE DIVORCE WITHOUT LAWYERS.
IDEALLY A MARRIED COUPLE HAS THEIR OWN HOUSEHOLD. MANY LIVE WITH THIS KIND OF HUSBAND OR WIFE. IT OFTEN INCLUDES MEMBERS OF THE EXTENDED FAMILY. THIS COULD INCLUDE INCLUDE SISTERS, BROTHERS, WIDOWED, PARENTS, OR DISTANT RELATIVES. THE HUSBAND IS HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, AND THE WIFE HAS SPENDING AUTHORITY. SHE TAKES CARE OF THE CHILDREN. ADULTS ENJOY THEIR CHILDREN. A MOTHER KEEPS HER BABY WITH HER WHEN OUT OF THE HOUSE. KIDS ARE GIVEN FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT. THEY ARE NO LONGER BREAST AFTER TWO TO THREE YEARS. CHILDREN LEARN HOW TO USE IMPLEMENTS THST THEY WILL LATER USE AND SEE ADULTS PERFORMING AGRICULTURE. GIRLS ARE EDUCATED AT HOME UNTIL 1932 WHEN THEY DEVELOPED PUBLIC SCHOOLS. BOYS ATTENDED BUDDHIST MONASTERIES.
THERE WAS AN ECONOMIC CRISIS IN THE LATE 1990'S WITH AN INCREASE IN CHILDREN UNIVERSITIES, TECHNICAL SCHOOLS, AND RELIGIOUS UNIVERSITIES. THE FIRST UNIVERSITY WAS BUILT IN 1916. IN THE 20'S AN ARTS AND CRAFTS SCHOOL WAS BUILT. ALL OF THE UNIVERSITIES ARE IN BANGKOK. BY 1945 THEY BUILT ANOTHER UNIVERSITY. THERE ARE ONLY PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES THAT FOCUS IN BUSINESS AND EDUCATION.
THE THAI AND BUDDISTS FOLLOW A CUSTOM OF NOT TOUCHING A PERSON ON THE HEAD. THEY REMOVE SANDALSWHEN ENTERING A TEMPLE COMPLEX. MONKS ARE NOT TO COME INTO CONTACT WITH WOMEN. YOU SHOULD MEET A PERSON IN PRAYER LIKE GESTURE. MANY LARGE TREES ARE CONSIDERED TO SERVE AS THE HOME OF SPIRITS WITH OFFERINGS.
THEY NO LONGER HAVE A SIGNIFICANT PRODUCER OF NARCOTICS, BUT IS A ROUTE FOR HEROIN. THESE DRUGS ARE AFFECTING THERE SOCIAL PROBLEMS. THEIR TRADITIONAL HEALERS ARE GENERALLY MALE. TRADING IS CONDUCTED BY BOTH SEXES.
KIN GROUPS MAY SHARE DOMESTIC TASKS. THERE ARE A NUMBER OF RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS THAT ARE HELD THROUGHOUT THE THE COUNTRY. THERE ARE LOCAL EVENTS RELATED TO CERTAIN PLACES RELATED TO AND INDIVIDUALS. THE BUDDIST CALENDAR BEGINS IN MID APRIL WHEN BUDDAS ARE WASHED. THE CELEBRATION IS MARKED BY DOUSING PEOPLE WITH WATER. THEY ALSO HAVE FESTIVE BEHAVIOR WITH DANCING, SINGING, AND THEATRE. IT INCLUDES CEREMONIESOF BANYON TREES WHERE BUDDHA SAT. LENT IS A PERIOD OF CEREMONIAL RETREAT. FOR MONKS. THEY HAVE A FEBRUARY CELEBRATION WHERE CANDLES ARE LIT AT TEMPLES. BUDDISTS BELIEVE THAT THOSE WHO DIE ARE REBORN IN A FORM THAT IS APPROPRIATE TO THE AMOUNT OF MERIT THEY ACCUMULATE WHILE ALIVE.
THEY HAVE AIDS EPIDEMIC AND THE GOVERNMENT AND THE GOVERNMENT IS IS DEVOTING RESOURCES TO PROVIDE FOR ASSISTING PATIENTS. IN THE 1990'S THE GOVERNMENT ADOPTEDA POLICY OF SELF RELIANCE THAT INCLUDED ATTENTION TO TRADITIONNAL MEDICINE. MANY HEALERS ARE UNLICENSED.
THERE IS SUPPORT FOR THE ARTS THROUGH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ARTS AND DANCE RUNS PROGRAMS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. THEY HAVE PRIVATE ART GALLERIES, HOUSES, AND AUCTIONS.
THEIR WRITTEN LITERATURE DATES BACK TO 1250 TO 1350 THEY HAVE POETRY FROM THE 15TH CENTURY.
DURING HISTORIC TIMES THERE WERE ROYAL AND COMMON TEXT TRADITIONS. THE MOBILITY IMPORTED TEXTILE FROM CHINA, INDIA, AND PERSIA. PAINTING WAS DONE AS WELL AS WEAVINGS.. THEY HAVE AN ITALIAN BORN SCULPTURE WHO IS THE CENTRAL FIGURE. OF MODERN ART IN THAILAND.
CLASSICAL DANCE DEVELOPED FROM FOLK DANCES AND ELABORATE DANCING. TEACHER TRAINING AND PUBLISHING IN IN SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES ARE WELL DEVELOPED. THE GOVERNMENT HAS PROGRAMSTO ENCOURAGE STUDENTS TO TAKE PHYSICAL SCIENCE.
THAILANDEVERYCULTURE.COM
Wednesday, September 26, 2012
MY RELATIVES ON MY FATHER'S SIDE
WHEN I WAS YOUNG, ABOUT 5, I REMEMBER MY FATHER'S FATHER IN TROY, OHIO. HE LIVED TWO DOORS FROM US. MY MOM COOKED FOR ALL OF THEM. I KNOW HE SMOKED AS THERE WERE MANY PIPES IN THIS OLD HOUSE. I DON'T REMEMBER MY FATHER'S MOM AND PERHAPS SHE DIED EARLIER. IN ANY CASE THEY WERE AT ONE TIME MILIONNAIRES. WE LIVED IN AN OLD HOUSE ON MAIN STREET AND SO DID THEY. MY UNCLE VERNON LIVED IN MY GRANDFATHER'S HOUSE. I THINK MY GRANDFATHER PASSED AWAY BEFORE I WAS EIGHT. I HELPED MY UNCLE CLEAN THE HOUSE. ONCE IN A WHILE. IT HAD A NEAT SECRET SECRET STAIRWAY TO GO UPSTAIRS. MY GRANDFATHER, FATHER AND UNCLE VERNON MANAGED A LARGE COUNTRY WESTERN STORE DOWNTOWN. IT WAS A LARGE TWO STORY BUILDING THAT ORIGINALLY SOLD HORSE SUPPLIES, SADDLES, BRUSHES, AND WESTERN CLOTHIN FOR MEN AND YOUNG WOMEN. THEY SOLD COWBOY AND COWGIRLS OUTFITS AND VARIOUS WESTERN BOOTS, AS WELL AS BRIDLES FOR HORSES AND BRUSHES, ETC. THE SORE SOLD ADULT AND CHILDREN'S NEAT WESTERN CLOTHING TOO. THEY GOT THERE GOODS FROM KANSAS. MY MOM HELPED THEM AS AN ACCOUNTANT AND SECRETERY TO THE STORE. AS CHILDREN BROTHER AND I PLAYED UPSTAIRS. MY MOM ALWAYS THOUGHT THE STORE WAS WAS NOT A GOOD INVESTMENT. THEY ENDED UP GOING BANKRUPT AS PEOPLE GREW OUT OF NEEDING HORSE SUPPLIES.
MY FATHER'S UNCLE AND HIS WIFE , THE CAMPBELL'S, LIVED IN TROY WE SOMETIMES HAD THEM OVER FOR DINNER. I THINK THEY WERE RETIRED AT THE TIME. THEY SOMETIMES CAME OVER TO OUR HOUSE AS THEY ENJOYED PLAYING POOL. THEY HAD AN OLD HOUSE THAT WAS FULL OF ANTIQUES. I BELIEVE THEY MOVED TO CLEVELAND AND Y UNCLE MOVED THERE. I HELPED CLEAN UP HIS HOUSE AS WELL.
MY FATHER'S UNCLE AND HIS WIFE , THE CAMPBELL'S, LIVED IN TROY WE SOMETIMES HAD THEM OVER FOR DINNER. I THINK THEY WERE RETIRED AT THE TIME. THEY SOMETIMES CAME OVER TO OUR HOUSE AS THEY ENJOYED PLAYING POOL. THEY HAD AN OLD HOUSE THAT WAS FULL OF ANTIQUES. I BELIEVE THEY MOVED TO CLEVELAND AND Y UNCLE MOVED THERE. I HELPED CLEAN UP HIS HOUSE AS WELL.
PLAYING TENNIS WITH MY FAMILY
MY HUSBAND AND I HAVE PLAYED TENNIS AND VOLLEYBALL DURING THE YEARS WHEN WE WERE IN COLLEGE AND IN PHOENIX AS WELL AS IN CALIFORNIA. MY PARENTS USED TO PLAY TENNIS AS WELL. I MAY HAVE NEVER GOT THAT GOOD AT IT BUT ENJOYED THE EXERSIZE. IN PHOENIX OUR ASU COLLEGE HAD PLENTY OF COURTS AND WHEN E GOT BORED WE TOOK OUR TENNIS RACKETS AND BIKED TO SCHOOL. WE LIVED VERY CLOSE TO THE COLLEGEIN SOME COMMUNAL HOUSES. SOME OF THESE WERE ONLY $100 DOLLARS FOR RENT.ARIZONA IS PRETTY CHEAP FOR COMPARED TO CALIFORNIA.
WE ALSO PLAYED SOME TENNIS AT THE HIGH SCHOOL ONCE WE MOVED TO HEALDSBURG. WE JUST PLAYED FOR FUNI HAD OUR SON COME PLAY WITH US.WE TRIED TO TEACH HIM HOW TO SERVE THE BALL AND HOW TO HIT THE BALL TO LAND IN THE OPPONENTS COURT. IT WAS JUST FOR FUN, NOT VERY SERIOUS.KEVIN LIKED THE CHALLENGE OF GETTING THE BALL ACROSS THE NET SO WE COULD HIT IT.
WE ALSO PLAYED SOME TENNIS AT THE HIGH SCHOOL ONCE WE MOVED TO HEALDSBURG. WE JUST PLAYED FOR FUNI HAD OUR SON COME PLAY WITH US.WE TRIED TO TEACH HIM HOW TO SERVE THE BALL AND HOW TO HIT THE BALL TO LAND IN THE OPPONENTS COURT. IT WAS JUST FOR FUN, NOT VERY SERIOUS.KEVIN LIKED THE CHALLENGE OF GETTING THE BALL ACROSS THE NET SO WE COULD HIT IT.
GINGERBREAD HOUSES IN CHRISTMAS
I WENT TO A HOME AND TRAIN SHOW WHEN I SAW A LOT OF HOME SETTINGS WITH CHRISTMAS THEMES WITH GINGERBREAD HOUSES. IT REMINDED ME OF MAKING MANY GINGERBREAD HOUSES DURING CHRISTMAS AT SOME PARTIES WITH MY YOUNG SON. THE GINGERBREAD STRUCTURE WAS ALREADY MADE AND MY SON, MY HUSBAND AND I ADDED ALL KINDS OG CANDIES TO IT TO MAKE IT LOOK FESTIVE AND CUTE. THEY HAD A DINNER AND VARIOUS FINGER FOODS FOR US THERE TO SNACK ON.
WHEN WE BROUGHT THE HOUSE HOME , I NOTICED THAT AUNTS ATTACKED THE SUGAR HOUSE! IT NEVER DID LAST LONG AND IT WAS TOO SWEET TO EAT. ANYWAY IT WA AN ARTISTIC WAY TO ENJOY EACH OTHER DURING CHRISTMAS WITH A GROUP OF OTHER FOLKS.
WHEN WE BROUGHT THE HOUSE HOME , I NOTICED THAT AUNTS ATTACKED THE SUGAR HOUSE! IT NEVER DID LAST LONG AND IT WAS TOO SWEET TO EAT. ANYWAY IT WA AN ARTISTIC WAY TO ENJOY EACH OTHER DURING CHRISTMAS WITH A GROUP OF OTHER FOLKS.
BIKE TRIPS
ALL THREE OF US IN THE FAMILY HAVE ALL TERRAIN BIKES WE USED TO TAKE OUR BIKES TO YOSEMITE AS WELL AS OTHER PARKS. WE USED THEM TO ANNADEL STATE PARKS IN SANTA ROSA AS WELL. WE TOOK THEM TO THE SEASIDE ALONG THE SHORE BY MONTERREY. THEY HAVE MILES OF BIKE TRAILS TO ENJOY AND AND MANY PEOPLE RIDE IN SMALL CARRIAGES DRIVEN BY BIKE RIDERS. WE HAVE ALSO TAKEN OUR BIKES TO ANGEL ISLAND WHERE YOU CAN RIDE AROUND THIS ISLAND WITHOUT CARS TO INTERFERE WITH YOUR TRIP.
A NICE PARK WE TOOK OUR BIKES TO RIDE IN SANTA CRUZ IS WILDER RANCH STATE PARK. IT HAS SOME RUGGED EASIER TRAILS ON THE COAST. WE VIEWED THE OLD BUILDINGS AND PEOPLE IN THE FARM BUILDINGS, WELDING TOOLS THEY HAVE A LIVING HISTORY DAY THERE AS WELL. WILDER RANCH STATE PARK IS A SPECIAL PLACE WITH 34 MILES OF WINDING TRAILS ALONG THE COAST. WE VIEWED THE OLD BUILDINGS AND PEOPLE IN LIVING HISTORY COSTUMES AT TIMES. THIS RANCH WAS A PRODUCTIVE DAIRY RANCH WITH AN ADOBE BUILDING. THEY HAVE FARM ANIMALS AND CARETAKERS. CHILDREN ENJOY LOOKNG AT HOW A RANCH IS RUN. THEY HAVE FARM ANIMALS AND OLD TIME CARETAKERS.
WE ALSO TOOK OUR BIKES TO JEDDIDIAH STATE PARK ALONG THE HUMBOLDT COUNTY COASTLINE. IT IS A MODERATE BIKING TRAIL ALONG THE OCEAN. IT WAS FAIRLY PEACEFUL THERE AND GENTLE ROLLING HILLS. THE TRAIL GOES TO OPEN SPACE. SOME OF THE TRAIL IS AONG THE HIGHWAY.
A NICE PARK WE TOOK OUR BIKES TO RIDE IN SANTA CRUZ IS WILDER RANCH STATE PARK. IT HAS SOME RUGGED EASIER TRAILS ON THE COAST. WE VIEWED THE OLD BUILDINGS AND PEOPLE IN THE FARM BUILDINGS, WELDING TOOLS THEY HAVE A LIVING HISTORY DAY THERE AS WELL. WILDER RANCH STATE PARK IS A SPECIAL PLACE WITH 34 MILES OF WINDING TRAILS ALONG THE COAST. WE VIEWED THE OLD BUILDINGS AND PEOPLE IN LIVING HISTORY COSTUMES AT TIMES. THIS RANCH WAS A PRODUCTIVE DAIRY RANCH WITH AN ADOBE BUILDING. THEY HAVE FARM ANIMALS AND CARETAKERS. CHILDREN ENJOY LOOKNG AT HOW A RANCH IS RUN. THEY HAVE FARM ANIMALS AND OLD TIME CARETAKERS.
WE ALSO TOOK OUR BIKES TO JEDDIDIAH STATE PARK ALONG THE HUMBOLDT COUNTY COASTLINE. IT IS A MODERATE BIKING TRAIL ALONG THE OCEAN. IT WAS FAIRLY PEACEFUL THERE AND GENTLE ROLLING HILLS. THE TRAIL GOES TO OPEN SPACE. SOME OF THE TRAIL IS AONG THE HIGHWAY.
Thursday, September 20, 2012
MY EARLY TRIPS TO WISCONSIN
WHEN I WAS A YOUNG CHILD MY FAMILY USUALLY HAD A WINTER VACATION TO WISCONSIN TO VISIT MY MOM'S FAMILTES. WE BROUGHT OUR WINTER CLOTHES TO PLAY IN THE SNOW WITH A TOBOGGAN.. WE BROUGHT LOTS OF WINTER WINTER CLOTHES. I REMEMBER VISITING MY GRANDMOTHER AND GRANDFATHER KLOSTERHUBER'S HOUSE AS A VERY YOUNG CHILD. MY GRANDFAHER WAS QUITE A FISHERMAN AS WELL AS A GARDENER. HE MADE HIS LIVING WORKING MOSTLY AS A FURNITURE UPOLSTERER. I REMEMBER HIM SHOWING ME THE GIANT WORMS IN HIS GARDEN AS I SAW HIS FLOWERS AND VEGETABLE GARDEN. HE USED THE WORMS TO CATCH HIS FISH. HE ALSO BUILT A SMALL SMOKE HOUSE TO SMOKE HIS FISH FROM GREEN BAY OR LAKE MICHIGAN. THEY HAD FOUR CHILDREN AND INVITED MANY OF THEIR BROADER FAMILY AND GRANDCHILDREN OVER FOR LARGE DINNER. I REMEMBER A BARREL OF PICKLES THAT THEY KEPT IN A LOWER BASEMENT. HE PROBABLY GREW THE CUCUMBERS.MY GRANDMOTHER KNITTED, CHROCHETED, COOKED, AND RAISED HER CHILDREN WELL. MY MOM GAVE ME A LARGE TABLE CLOTH THAT SHE USED SMALL THREAD TO CHROCHET. I WILL KEEP IT ALL MY LIFE. SHE WAS REMARKABLY TALENTED IN THE HOME ECONOMIC SKILLS. I DON'T THINK SHE WORKED OUT OF THE HOUSE.
AT MY AUNT ROSEMARIE AND UNCLE LARRY'S HOUSE WE ENJOYED GOING OUT IN A SMALL BOAT DURING THE SUMMER ON THEIR QUIET LAKE. THEY BUILT THEIR HOUSE BY HAND DIGGING THE BASEMENT. THEN THEY DESIGNED THE HOUSE WITH A SMALL BASEMENT WHERE THEY HAD A GUEST BEDROOM AND A SMALL FAMILY ROOM AND A ROOT CELLAR. THE UPPER FLOOR HAD A LARGE BEDROOM, A KITCHEN, AND A LARGE AFMILY ROOM BUILT WITH A CEDAR WOODEN FIREPLACE MANTLE THEY HAD BROUGHT BACK SOME OF ART PIECES AND FURNITURE FROM THAILAND WHERE THEY LIVED FOR SEVERAL YEARS WHEN MY UNCLE WAS IN THE AIR FORCE. THEIR HOUSE HAD PLENTY OF WINDOWS AND A LARGE WALK AROUND DECK TO VIEW THE LAKE. THEY ALSO HAVE A SCEENED IN PORCH TO VIEW THE LAKE. IT TOOK THEM 10 YEARS TO BUILD THEIR HOUSE. THEY LIVED IN A SINGLE COTTAGE ACROSS THE DIRT ROAD, AS THEY BUILT THEIR HOUSE. THEY WERE NEVER ABLE TO HAVE CHILDREN. I REMEMBER SOME VERY FOND
MY UNCLE LARRY WAS A VERY KIND AND GENTLEMAN WHO WORKED AS A BUILDING INSPECTOR FOR CORPORATIONS. HE ALSO KEPT BUSY IN THE RESERVES. THEY LIVED IN A SMALL COTTAGE ACROSS THE DIRT ROAD AS THEY BUILT THEIR . MY AUNT AND UNCLE NEVER HAD CHILDREN. I REMEMBER SOME VERY FOND MEMORIES AT THEIR HOUSE AS THEY ALWAYS WELCOMED OUR FAMILY AND WE HAD A VERY NICE TIME. MY AUNT IS A GREAT COOK, AN ARTIST AS WELL. SHE WORKED PART TIME FOR THE VETERAN'S ADMINISTRATION AND VOLUNTEERED AT THE RED CROSS.
MY AUNT JOANIE AND UNCLE WARREN HAD FOUR CHILDREN WHICH WERE A CHALLENGE. WE ENJOYED VISITING MY COUSINS WHEN WE WERE YOUNG. MY BROTHER AND I WERE ABOUT 8 TO 10 YEARS OLDER. THEY HAD A GAME ROOM BASEMENT WHERE THE KIDS PLAYED HIDE AND SEEK AND THEY HAD A PING PONG TABLE WHERE WE PLAYED MANY GAMESTHERE FAMILY WENT TO CHURCH AND WE DID TOO. WE ENJOYED EXCHANGING PRESENTS AND VISITING THEM AND THEIR FAMILY CAME OUT TO OHIO AS WELL. MY AUNT JOANIE GARDENED AND WAS A GOOD COOK AND ARTIST. SHE SEWED ALOT AND DECORATED HER HOUSE WELL. SHE ALSO GARDENED AND CANNED FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. UNCLE WARREN WAS A GOOD ROAD ENGINEER AND VERY INVOLVED IN THEIR CHURCH. THEY USED TO GO BOWLING.
ALL OF US MANAGED TO ENJOY MITCHELL PARK WHERE THEY HAD THREE GEODESIC DOMES. EACH ONE HAD DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETATION. ONE WAS A DESERT ENVIRONMENT, ONE WAS PLANTED WITH SPECIALTY FLORAL PLANTS BASED ON THE HOLIDAYS, AND ONE WAS A TROPICAL DOME OF A RAINFOREST. DURING THE SUMMER WE ALSO VISITED THE MILWAUKEE ZOO AS WELL. EVENTUALLY THEY ADDED A SWIMMING POOL.
Monday, September 17, 2012
NEW ZEALAND CULTURE
THIS ISLAND DISCOVERED DISCOVERED BY POLYNESIA IN 1200 TO 1300 C.E. AFTER THAT IT WAS SETTLED BY MAORI AND AREAS WERE NAMED AFTER THE ORIGINAL IWI TRIBES. IN 1769 JAMES COOK CLAIMED FOR ENGLAND.
EXTENSIVE ENGLISH WAS NOT UNTIL 1840'S. WHALERS FROM THE U.S. AND BRITAIN MARRIED OR HAD CHILDREN WITH MAORI WOMEN. MISSIONARIES CAME HERE IN 1814. BY 1860'S GOLD HAD BEEN DISCOVERED BY THE CHINESE FROM AUSTRAILIA AND HONG KONG. THEY NOW OWN CAFES AND ARE MARKET GARDENERS.
THREE MILLION MAURI LIVE IN THE NORTH ISLAND, AND 800,000 LIVE IN SOUTH ISLAND. MAORI CUKTURE IS BEING REINVENTED AND ARE INCORPORATED. THERE ARE THREE ISLANDS IN NEW ZEALAND; NORTH ISLAND, SOUTH ISLAND AND STEWART AS WELL AS SMALLER ISLANDS. THE SOUTHERN ISLANDS ARE 98000' HIGH. THEY HAVE THREE ACTIVE VOLCANOES. AND THEY HAVE SUBTROPICAL TO CONTINENTAL CLIMATE.
BY 1996 85% ARE OF EUROPEAN ORIGIN, WITH THE MAORI AT 200,000 FOLKS. THE KIWI BIRD IS A FLIGHTLESSS AND NOCTURNAL BIRD ONLY ON NEW ZEALAND AND IS THE SYMBOL FOR THE ISLAND. THEY EAT DAIRY PRODUCTS AND FISH. CHICKEN IS A RESTAURANT DELICACY. A FAVORITE FOOD IS MEAT PIE.
THEY DRINK BEER. SINCE 1975 THEY HAVE DEVELOPED MORE TROPICAL FOODS. THEY ARE NOW PRODUCING WINE. THERE IS NO NEW CUISINE AS SUCH.
THE OLD FASHIONED MAORI CUISINE IS SEAFOOD, MUTTON, BIRDS, PORK OR FOWL, AND LAMB THAT IS COOKED IN EARTHEN OVEN WITH HEATED STONES THAT STEAM. THE FOOD IS BURIED AND REMOVED. NEW ZEALAND EXPORTS DAIRY, MEAT, FISH FRUIT AND PROCESSED WINE, DEER/VENISON, SMOKED FISH, CHEESES AND YOGURT. MANY LARGE FOOD COMPANIES ARE MOVING THEIR PROCEDING PLANTS TO AUSTRALIA. UNFORTUNATELY LOGGING OF PLANTATION PINE FORESTS IS A MAJOR INDUSTRY. THEIR FOOD SUPPLY IS NOW IN SURPLUS, AND IMPORTS ARE LARGELY LUXERY IEMS FROM AUSTRALIA.. FRESH FRUITS ARE OUT OF SEASON. THEY DO NOT WANT INDUSTRIALIZATION. MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY HAS A GARDEN AND PRODUCES FRESH FRUIT. THEY TRADE WITH THE U.S., ENGLAND, JAPAN, RTUSSIA, AUSTRALIA, TAIWAN AND CHINA.
NEW ZEALAND IS NO LONGER A WELFARE STATE. THE MAQORI POVERTY IS EVIDENT AND HAS CLASS SOCIETY BASED ON INCOME. MAORI MAINTAIN STATUS BASED ON EARNED RESPECT OF OLDER FOLKS. THEY GIVE CULTURAL PERFORMANCES OF MAORI DANCES.
NEW ZEALAND HAS A SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE UNEMPLOYED, DISABLED, AND SICK, FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES AND RETIRED PEOPLE. THEY HAVE A NO FAULT ACCIDENT COMPENSATION CORPORATION FUNDED BY EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE LIVES.
THEIR IS AN INCREASE OF WOMEN ENTERING THE WORKFORCE OR IN PARTNERSHIP TO HAVE BUSINESSES.
AUCKLAND IS A BUSTLING CITY LIKE SAN FRANCISCOCITY LAKE IN SAN FRANCISCO AND EXCEPT IN MUSLIM, HINDU AND CHINESE , MARRIAGE IS BY CHOICE. IF UNDER 20, THEIR PARENTS MUST CONSENT. THE NUCLEAR FAMILY PREDOMINATES. THE LOCATION OF JOBS TUNDS TO BE DEERMINE THE CHOICE OF A LIVING PLACE. THE MAORI HAVE REVISITED THEIR TRADITIONAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATION. INTO FAMILY LINEAGE TO RECLAIM THEIR IDENTITY AND NEGOTIATE UNDER THE TREATY OF ENGLAND. THEY ALSO HAVE FAMILY REUNIONS.
EXTENSIVE ENGLISH WAS NOT UNTIL 1840'S. WHALERS FROM THE U.S. AND BRITAIN MARRIED OR HAD CHILDREN WITH MAORI WOMEN. MISSIONARIES CAME HERE IN 1814. BY 1860'S GOLD HAD BEEN DISCOVERED BY THE CHINESE FROM AUSTRAILIA AND HONG KONG. THEY NOW OWN CAFES AND ARE MARKET GARDENERS.
THREE MILLION MAURI LIVE IN THE NORTH ISLAND, AND 800,000 LIVE IN SOUTH ISLAND. MAORI CUKTURE IS BEING REINVENTED AND ARE INCORPORATED. THERE ARE THREE ISLANDS IN NEW ZEALAND; NORTH ISLAND, SOUTH ISLAND AND STEWART AS WELL AS SMALLER ISLANDS. THE SOUTHERN ISLANDS ARE 98000' HIGH. THEY HAVE THREE ACTIVE VOLCANOES. AND THEY HAVE SUBTROPICAL TO CONTINENTAL CLIMATE.
BY 1996 85% ARE OF EUROPEAN ORIGIN, WITH THE MAORI AT 200,000 FOLKS. THE KIWI BIRD IS A FLIGHTLESSS AND NOCTURNAL BIRD ONLY ON NEW ZEALAND AND IS THE SYMBOL FOR THE ISLAND. THEY EAT DAIRY PRODUCTS AND FISH. CHICKEN IS A RESTAURANT DELICACY. A FAVORITE FOOD IS MEAT PIE.
THEY DRINK BEER. SINCE 1975 THEY HAVE DEVELOPED MORE TROPICAL FOODS. THEY ARE NOW PRODUCING WINE. THERE IS NO NEW CUISINE AS SUCH.
THE OLD FASHIONED MAORI CUISINE IS SEAFOOD, MUTTON, BIRDS, PORK OR FOWL, AND LAMB THAT IS COOKED IN EARTHEN OVEN WITH HEATED STONES THAT STEAM. THE FOOD IS BURIED AND REMOVED. NEW ZEALAND EXPORTS DAIRY, MEAT, FISH FRUIT AND PROCESSED WINE, DEER/VENISON, SMOKED FISH, CHEESES AND YOGURT. MANY LARGE FOOD COMPANIES ARE MOVING THEIR PROCEDING PLANTS TO AUSTRALIA. UNFORTUNATELY LOGGING OF PLANTATION PINE FORESTS IS A MAJOR INDUSTRY. THEIR FOOD SUPPLY IS NOW IN SURPLUS, AND IMPORTS ARE LARGELY LUXERY IEMS FROM AUSTRALIA.. FRESH FRUITS ARE OUT OF SEASON. THEY DO NOT WANT INDUSTRIALIZATION. MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY HAS A GARDEN AND PRODUCES FRESH FRUIT. THEY TRADE WITH THE U.S., ENGLAND, JAPAN, RTUSSIA, AUSTRALIA, TAIWAN AND CHINA.
NEW ZEALAND IS NO LONGER A WELFARE STATE. THE MAQORI POVERTY IS EVIDENT AND HAS CLASS SOCIETY BASED ON INCOME. MAORI MAINTAIN STATUS BASED ON EARNED RESPECT OF OLDER FOLKS. THEY GIVE CULTURAL PERFORMANCES OF MAORI DANCES.
NEW ZEALAND HAS A SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE UNEMPLOYED, DISABLED, AND SICK, FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES AND RETIRED PEOPLE. THEY HAVE A NO FAULT ACCIDENT COMPENSATION CORPORATION FUNDED BY EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE LIVES.
THEIR IS AN INCREASE OF WOMEN ENTERING THE WORKFORCE OR IN PARTNERSHIP TO HAVE BUSINESSES.
AUCKLAND IS A BUSTLING CITY LIKE SAN FRANCISCOCITY LAKE IN SAN FRANCISCO AND EXCEPT IN MUSLIM, HINDU AND CHINESE , MARRIAGE IS BY CHOICE. IF UNDER 20, THEIR PARENTS MUST CONSENT. THE NUCLEAR FAMILY PREDOMINATES. THE LOCATION OF JOBS TUNDS TO BE DEERMINE THE CHOICE OF A LIVING PLACE. THE MAORI HAVE REVISITED THEIR TRADITIONAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATION. INTO FAMILY LINEAGE TO RECLAIM THEIR IDENTITY AND NEGOTIATE UNDER THE TREATY OF ENGLAND. THEY ALSO HAVE FAMILY REUNIONS.
Thursday, September 13, 2012
MAORI CULTURE
THE EARLY ARRIVALS OF THE MORIORI, PRIMARILY FISHED AND HUNTED OTHER BIRDS THAT ARE EXTINCT. THEIR FINAL PRE EUROPEAN IMMIGRATION WAS BY 7 CANOES OF THE GREAT FLEET. THESE PEOPLE ASSIMILATED THE ORIGINAL INHABITANTS BY MARRIAGE AND CONQUEST. BY 1350 FOLKS ARRIVED WITH THEIR OWN DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND ANIMALS. SEVERAL DID NOT SURVIVE THE TRANSITION POSITION FROM THEIR TROPICAL CLIMATE.
THE ARCHAIC PEOPLE WERE PROBABLY THE ORIGINAL PEOPLE OF NEW ZEALAND. THEY DATE BACK TO 1000 A.D. THEY ORIGINALLY LIVED IN THE SOCIETY ISLAND. THE DESCENDANTS OF THE POLYNESIAN CULTURE LANDED ON THE NORTH AND SOUTH ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. THEY WERE ISOLATED FROM EXTERNAL CONTACT UNTIL 1769. IN THAT YEAR ENGLISH NAVIGATOR, CAPTAIN COOK BROUGHT IN PERMANENT EUROPEANS CAME.
THE ANCESTORS OF THE POLYNESIAN CULTURE ON THE NORTH AND SOUTH ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. THEY WERE ISOLATED FROM EXTERNAL CONTACT UNTIL 1769. IN THAT YEAR CAPTAIN COOK BROUGHT IN PERMANENT EUROPEAN PRESENCE IN NEW ZEALAND. AS THE EVENTS HAPPENED MAORI CULTURE WAS DRAMATICALLY CHANGED. THEY HAD 200,00 AND THEY DECLINED AFTER EUROPEANS CAME.
IN THE 1790'S WHALERS AND SEALERS WERE COMMON TO NEW ZEALAND IN 1790'S AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE MISSIONARIES WERE UNFRIENDLY AND VIOLENT. THE FIRST MISSIONARIES ARRIVED IN 1814. AND BY 1830'S EUROPEANS AND AUSTRALIANS WERE MOVING HERE. WITH A TREATY OF WAITANGO IN 1840 THE INDIGENOUS CHIEFS, THE MAORI RECEIVED RIGHTS AND PROTECTION TO NATIVE LANDS.
IN 1840 50 CHIEFS SIGNED A TREATY WITH THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. . IT PROMISED THE MAORI THAT THEY WOOD KEEP THEIR LAND AND PROPERTY. THEY WOULD HAVE EQUAL TREATMENT UNDER BRITISH LAW. HOWEVER,THE BRITISH SEIZED MAORI LANDS AND MADE THE PEOPLE MOVE TO RESERVATIONS. BA CAUSE OF WAR AND DISEASE, THEIR POPULATION FELL BY 1896. SINCE WWII (1939 - 1935).
DURING 1860 TO 1865 MANY BATTLES TOOK PLACE ESPECIALLY OVER LAND RIGHTS. BY 1900 THEIR POPULATION HAD REVERSED.
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TODAY ONLY 1/3 SPEAK THEIR ANCESTRAL LANGUAGE THE REST KNOW ENGLISH. THEIR FOLKLORE HAS A TALE ABOUT A COUPLE WHO WERE IN LOVE AND A GOD WHO PUSHED THEM TO PROVIDE FOR CREATING HUMAN LIFE
MOST MAORI ARE CHRISTIAN. THEIR TRADITIONAL RELIGION WAS WAS BASED UPON THE CONCEPTS OF MANA AND TAPU. MANA IS A FORCE THAT CAN BE ACQUIRED. TAPU IS THE SACREDNESS THAT WAS ASSIGNED AT BIRTH. ANCESTRY WORSHIP WAS ASSIGNED AT BIRTH. ANCESTOR WORSHIP WAS IMPORTANT TO THEIR TRADITION. FOR HOLIDAYS THEY DID SOME RITUALS. THEY PRACTICED SECONDARY BURIAL. WHEN SOMEONE DIED THEY LAID THEM ON CEREMONIAL MATS FOR TWO DAYS. THEN THE BODY WAS WRAPPED AND PLACED IN A TREE OR A CAVE. AFTER A YEAR THEY COLLECTED THE BONES AND PAINTED THEM FOR A SECOND MOURNING. MOST MAORI ARE FRIENDLY TOWARDS EACH OTHER.
ONE MAORI CUSTOM IS CALLED "FEASTING" AND IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF MAORI AND IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF MAORI CULTURE. THEY BROUGHT TOGETHER DIFFERENT AND OTHER SOCIAL GROUPS.
SOME MEN WOULD PROMOTE FOOD AND GIFTS. HOWEVER, WITH LITTLE IN RESERVES OF FOOD HIS STATUS WOULD INCREASE ENORMOUSLY.
THEY HAD PREMARITAL SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS. BOTH MEN AND WOMEN HAD SEVERAL BEFORE MARRIAGE ONCE WOMEN WERE SEXUALLY ACTIVE THEY GOT TATTOOS AS A RITE OF PASSAGE AND THEY WERE CONSIDERED EROTIC. THE MAORI'S TOUCH NOSES WHEN GREETING SO THEIR SPIRITS MERGE. 80% TODAY LIVE IN CITIES. BUT BEFORE THEY WERE RURAL. THEY BUILT AND DOUBLE HULLED CANOES. SOME WERE WAR CANOES. TODAY THEY USE CARS, TRAINS, AND AIRPLANES.
THEY INTERMARRY WITH OTHER PAKETAS OR WHITES. MAORI HOUSEHOLDS MAY HAVE GRANDPARENTS, UNCLES, AND AUNTS. IN MAORI A PERSON'S BROTHERS AND ALL MALE COUSINS WERE CALLED BROTHER.
TODAY THEY WEAR TRADITIONAL CLOTHING ON SPECIAL EVENTS. THE POLYNESIANS WHO ARE OF HIGH STATUS INTRICATELY DECORATED CLOTHING. THEIR TATTOOS ARE EXTREMELY SYMBOLIC. THEY HAD FACIAL AND BODY TATTOOS.
THE MAORI EAT SIMILAR TO TO US. EGGS. BACON, AND LARGE DINNERS WITH MEAT AS A MAIN DISH. TRADITIONAL POLYNESIAN FOODS ARE OF TARO, TARO, YAMS, AND BREADFRUIT. THEY TYPICALLY EAT HANGI, A FOOD PREPARED IN THE REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY WITH HOT SPRINGS. A PIT IS DUG WITH MEAT AND VEGIS STEAMED FOR SEVERAL HOURS.
THEY HAVE STATE SUPPORTED ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOLS. THEY ALSO HAVE 6 UNIVERSITIES. THEIR HAKA DANCE IS ONE OF THE BEST KNOWN CULTURAL TRADITIONS OF POLYNESIA. THEY CLAP HANDS, STOMP FEET AND SLAP THIGHS. THEY HAVE A CHORUS ALSO. THEIR CHANTING FOLLOWS STRICT RULES FOR PERFORMANCE, AND A CONTINUITY . THEIR STORIES TELL OF EXPLOITS OF THEIR ANCESTORS.
THE FOLKS DEVELOPED A HIGH DEGREE OF SPECIALIZED LABOR- TA TOO ARTISTS, CANOE AND HOUSE BUILDERS, AND CARVERS. THEY WERE INITIATED INTO THEIR CRAFTS THROUGH RITUALS. TODAY ABOUT 2/3 ARE EMPLOYED IN INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY.
THEIR TRADITIONAL STORYTELLING AND DANCE PERFORMANCE HAVE BEEN BY PRESERVED BY THIS TRIBE. THEIR HOBBIES ARE OF ACCOMPLISHED ARTISTS. THEY CARVED WOOD MAKE SCULPTURE. THEY DO FIGURATIVE PAINTING AND THE HOUSES HAVE ELABORATE ANCESTRAL FIGURES CARVED ON FACADES.
MANY MAORI ARE UNEMPLOYED AND SUFFER FROM ALCOHOLISM, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE.
THE ARCHAIC PEOPLE WERE PROBABLY THE ORIGINAL PEOPLE OF NEW ZEALAND. THEY DATE BACK TO 1000 A.D. THEY ORIGINALLY LIVED IN THE SOCIETY ISLAND. THE DESCENDANTS OF THE POLYNESIAN CULTURE LANDED ON THE NORTH AND SOUTH ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. THEY WERE ISOLATED FROM EXTERNAL CONTACT UNTIL 1769. IN THAT YEAR ENGLISH NAVIGATOR, CAPTAIN COOK BROUGHT IN PERMANENT EUROPEANS CAME.
THE ANCESTORS OF THE POLYNESIAN CULTURE ON THE NORTH AND SOUTH ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. THEY WERE ISOLATED FROM EXTERNAL CONTACT UNTIL 1769. IN THAT YEAR CAPTAIN COOK BROUGHT IN PERMANENT EUROPEAN PRESENCE IN NEW ZEALAND. AS THE EVENTS HAPPENED MAORI CULTURE WAS DRAMATICALLY CHANGED. THEY HAD 200,00 AND THEY DECLINED AFTER EUROPEANS CAME.
IN THE 1790'S WHALERS AND SEALERS WERE COMMON TO NEW ZEALAND IN 1790'S AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE MISSIONARIES WERE UNFRIENDLY AND VIOLENT. THE FIRST MISSIONARIES ARRIVED IN 1814. AND BY 1830'S EUROPEANS AND AUSTRALIANS WERE MOVING HERE. WITH A TREATY OF WAITANGO IN 1840 THE INDIGENOUS CHIEFS, THE MAORI RECEIVED RIGHTS AND PROTECTION TO NATIVE LANDS.
IN 1840 50 CHIEFS SIGNED A TREATY WITH THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. . IT PROMISED THE MAORI THAT THEY WOOD KEEP THEIR LAND AND PROPERTY. THEY WOULD HAVE EQUAL TREATMENT UNDER BRITISH LAW. HOWEVER,THE BRITISH SEIZED MAORI LANDS AND MADE THE PEOPLE MOVE TO RESERVATIONS. BA CAUSE OF WAR AND DISEASE, THEIR POPULATION FELL BY 1896. SINCE WWII (1939 - 1935).
DURING 1860 TO 1865 MANY BATTLES TOOK PLACE ESPECIALLY OVER LAND RIGHTS. BY 1900 THEIR POPULATION HAD REVERSED.
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TODAY ONLY 1/3 SPEAK THEIR ANCESTRAL LANGUAGE THE REST KNOW ENGLISH. THEIR FOLKLORE HAS A TALE ABOUT A COUPLE WHO WERE IN LOVE AND A GOD WHO PUSHED THEM TO PROVIDE FOR CREATING HUMAN LIFE
MOST MAORI ARE CHRISTIAN. THEIR TRADITIONAL RELIGION WAS WAS BASED UPON THE CONCEPTS OF MANA AND TAPU. MANA IS A FORCE THAT CAN BE ACQUIRED. TAPU IS THE SACREDNESS THAT WAS ASSIGNED AT BIRTH. ANCESTRY WORSHIP WAS ASSIGNED AT BIRTH. ANCESTOR WORSHIP WAS IMPORTANT TO THEIR TRADITION. FOR HOLIDAYS THEY DID SOME RITUALS. THEY PRACTICED SECONDARY BURIAL. WHEN SOMEONE DIED THEY LAID THEM ON CEREMONIAL MATS FOR TWO DAYS. THEN THE BODY WAS WRAPPED AND PLACED IN A TREE OR A CAVE. AFTER A YEAR THEY COLLECTED THE BONES AND PAINTED THEM FOR A SECOND MOURNING. MOST MAORI ARE FRIENDLY TOWARDS EACH OTHER.
ONE MAORI CUSTOM IS CALLED "FEASTING" AND IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF MAORI AND IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF MAORI CULTURE. THEY BROUGHT TOGETHER DIFFERENT AND OTHER SOCIAL GROUPS.
SOME MEN WOULD PROMOTE FOOD AND GIFTS. HOWEVER, WITH LITTLE IN RESERVES OF FOOD HIS STATUS WOULD INCREASE ENORMOUSLY.
THEY HAD PREMARITAL SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS. BOTH MEN AND WOMEN HAD SEVERAL BEFORE MARRIAGE ONCE WOMEN WERE SEXUALLY ACTIVE THEY GOT TATTOOS AS A RITE OF PASSAGE AND THEY WERE CONSIDERED EROTIC. THE MAORI'S TOUCH NOSES WHEN GREETING SO THEIR SPIRITS MERGE. 80% TODAY LIVE IN CITIES. BUT BEFORE THEY WERE RURAL. THEY BUILT AND DOUBLE HULLED CANOES. SOME WERE WAR CANOES. TODAY THEY USE CARS, TRAINS, AND AIRPLANES.
THEY INTERMARRY WITH OTHER PAKETAS OR WHITES. MAORI HOUSEHOLDS MAY HAVE GRANDPARENTS, UNCLES, AND AUNTS. IN MAORI A PERSON'S BROTHERS AND ALL MALE COUSINS WERE CALLED BROTHER.
TODAY THEY WEAR TRADITIONAL CLOTHING ON SPECIAL EVENTS. THE POLYNESIANS WHO ARE OF HIGH STATUS INTRICATELY DECORATED CLOTHING. THEIR TATTOOS ARE EXTREMELY SYMBOLIC. THEY HAD FACIAL AND BODY TATTOOS.
THE MAORI EAT SIMILAR TO TO US. EGGS. BACON, AND LARGE DINNERS WITH MEAT AS A MAIN DISH. TRADITIONAL POLYNESIAN FOODS ARE OF TARO, TARO, YAMS, AND BREADFRUIT. THEY TYPICALLY EAT HANGI, A FOOD PREPARED IN THE REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY WITH HOT SPRINGS. A PIT IS DUG WITH MEAT AND VEGIS STEAMED FOR SEVERAL HOURS.
THEY HAVE STATE SUPPORTED ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOLS. THEY ALSO HAVE 6 UNIVERSITIES. THEIR HAKA DANCE IS ONE OF THE BEST KNOWN CULTURAL TRADITIONS OF POLYNESIA. THEY CLAP HANDS, STOMP FEET AND SLAP THIGHS. THEY HAVE A CHORUS ALSO. THEIR CHANTING FOLLOWS STRICT RULES FOR PERFORMANCE, AND A CONTINUITY . THEIR STORIES TELL OF EXPLOITS OF THEIR ANCESTORS.
THE FOLKS DEVELOPED A HIGH DEGREE OF SPECIALIZED LABOR- TA TOO ARTISTS, CANOE AND HOUSE BUILDERS, AND CARVERS. THEY WERE INITIATED INTO THEIR CRAFTS THROUGH RITUALS. TODAY ABOUT 2/3 ARE EMPLOYED IN INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY.
THEIR TRADITIONAL STORYTELLING AND DANCE PERFORMANCE HAVE BEEN BY PRESERVED BY THIS TRIBE. THEIR HOBBIES ARE OF ACCOMPLISHED ARTISTS. THEY CARVED WOOD MAKE SCULPTURE. THEY DO FIGURATIVE PAINTING AND THE HOUSES HAVE ELABORATE ANCESTRAL FIGURES CARVED ON FACADES.
MANY MAORI ARE UNEMPLOYED AND SUFFER FROM ALCOHOLISM, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE.
THE NATIONAL HEIRLOOM EXPO AT SONOMA COUNTY FAIR
THIS WEEK I ATTENDED THIS EXPO THAT HAS INCREDIBLE INTEREST AMONG HOME GARDENERS, CHEFS, FARMERS, SCHOOLS, AND THE MEDIA.IT IS THE WORLD'S FAIR OF THE HEIRLOOM LOCAL FOOD MARKET. IT HAS OVER 75 FOOD, FARM AND GARDEN SPEAKERS.
THIS IS NOT A FOR PROFIT EVENT CENTERED AROUND PURE FOOD. I ATTENDED IT LAST YEAR AND IT IS MUCH BIGGER THIS YEAR THIS YEAR OCCUPYING THREE MAJOR HALLS. THEY EVEN HAD A SMALL TEAR DROP TRAILER FOR FOLKS TO VIEW THAT IS FUEL EFFICIENT. THERE WAS AN INTERESTING ARTIST WHO VARIOUS VEGIS AND FRUITS TO LOOK LIKE FLOWERS. HE CARVED MELONS WITH HORSES AND DUCKS ON THEM. HE USED WATERMELONS TO LOOK LIKE CARVED PUMPKINS. HE DOES THIS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY..
IN ONE HALL I LISTENED TO A GUY WHO SPOKE ABOUT ABOUT GMO'S AND THE SCIENTIFIC EFFECT OF THEM. SOME FOLKS SWITCHED TO A DIET WITHOUT GMOS AND HAD BENEFICIAL EFFECTS TO THEIR HEALTH. THEY HAD A BIG HALL WITH ALL KINDS OF OF GOURDS AND HEIRLOOM SEED SELLERS, VARIOUS MELONS, GOURDS, PEARS, APPLES, HAWAIIAN FRUITS, AND PUMPKINS. SOME OF THE PUMPKINS WEIGHED OVER 400 POUNDS.
THEY HAD VARIOUS SPEAKERS IN THE SLOW FOOD MOVEMENT. THEIR WERE PEOPLE WHO WERE SAMPLING NEW FOODS WITHOUT WHEAT, AND NEW ORGANIC PASTES AND TEAS. I WAS GETTING PRETTY FULL AND
AND SPOKE TO MANY FOLKS ABOUT HOW TO FERTILIZE MY GARDEN, THEY HAD SOME OTHER EXPENSIVE AGENTS. I SAW SOME FOLKS I HAD MET AT OTHER EVENTS WHO WERE INTERESTS IN MY HIKES.
THEY HAD SEVERAL GOOD YOUNG BANDS AND MUSICAL GROUPS HERE, AS WELL AS MANY PEOPLE WHO WERE SELLING FOODS OF ALL KINDS..
THIS IS NOT A FOR PROFIT EVENT CENTERED AROUND PURE FOOD. I ATTENDED IT LAST YEAR AND IT IS MUCH BIGGER THIS YEAR THIS YEAR OCCUPYING THREE MAJOR HALLS. THEY EVEN HAD A SMALL TEAR DROP TRAILER FOR FOLKS TO VIEW THAT IS FUEL EFFICIENT. THERE WAS AN INTERESTING ARTIST WHO VARIOUS VEGIS AND FRUITS TO LOOK LIKE FLOWERS. HE CARVED MELONS WITH HORSES AND DUCKS ON THEM. HE USED WATERMELONS TO LOOK LIKE CARVED PUMPKINS. HE DOES THIS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY..
IN ONE HALL I LISTENED TO A GUY WHO SPOKE ABOUT ABOUT GMO'S AND THE SCIENTIFIC EFFECT OF THEM. SOME FOLKS SWITCHED TO A DIET WITHOUT GMOS AND HAD BENEFICIAL EFFECTS TO THEIR HEALTH. THEY HAD A BIG HALL WITH ALL KINDS OF OF GOURDS AND HEIRLOOM SEED SELLERS, VARIOUS MELONS, GOURDS, PEARS, APPLES, HAWAIIAN FRUITS, AND PUMPKINS. SOME OF THE PUMPKINS WEIGHED OVER 400 POUNDS.
THEY HAD VARIOUS SPEAKERS IN THE SLOW FOOD MOVEMENT. THEIR WERE PEOPLE WHO WERE SAMPLING NEW FOODS WITHOUT WHEAT, AND NEW ORGANIC PASTES AND TEAS. I WAS GETTING PRETTY FULL AND
AND SPOKE TO MANY FOLKS ABOUT HOW TO FERTILIZE MY GARDEN, THEY HAD SOME OTHER EXPENSIVE AGENTS. I SAW SOME FOLKS I HAD MET AT OTHER EVENTS WHO WERE INTERESTS IN MY HIKES.
THEY HAD SEVERAL GOOD YOUNG BANDS AND MUSICAL GROUPS HERE, AS WELL AS MANY PEOPLE WHO WERE SELLING FOODS OF ALL KINDS..
Tuesday, September 11, 2012
KENNETH REXROTH'S CONTRIBUTION
WHEN I WORKED WITH CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS I RECORDED THE REMAINS OF A CABIN OF AN INTERNATIONALLY FAMOUS POET, KENNETH REXROTH AT SAMUEL P. TAYLOR STATE PARK. HE ALSO WAS A CRITICAL ANALYST. HE LIVED FROM 1905 TO 1982. HE WAS A CENTRAL FIGURE IN SAN FRANCISCO RENAISSANCE. HE INFLUENCED THE BEAT GENERATION. HE WAS ONE OF THE FIRST AMERICAN POETS TO EXPLORE JAPANESE POETRY AND TRAVELED THERE AS WELL AS CHINA.
HE WAS BORN IN INDIANA. HIS PARENTS DIED WHEN HE WAS YOUNG SO HE LIVED WITH HIS AUNT IN CHICAGO AND WENT TO ART SCHOOL THERE. WHILE IN CHICAGO HE FREQUENTLY WENT TO MEETING PLACES OF POLITICAL RADICALS.
HE TOURED THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; KANSAS, COLORADO AND NEW MEXICO. THEN MOVED TO GREENWICH VILLAGE. HE LIVED AS A PASTULENT IN HOLY CROSS MONASTERY IN N.Y.C.HE SAID IT WAS PERHAPS THE HAPPIEST TIME OF HIS LIFE IN MEDITATION.
BY AGE 19 HE HITCHHIKED ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND WORKED WITH THE FOREST SERVICE IN THE NORTHWEST. HE BOARDED THE STEAMSHIP IN HOBOKEN AND EXPLORED NEW MEXICO AND SOUTH AMERICA AND THEN TO PARIS.
HE MET HIS 1ST WIFE IN SAN FRANCISCO AND HE LIVED IN CALIFORNIA THE REST OF HIS LIFE. HE MARRIED ANDREE DUTCHER AT FIRST SIGHT WHEN HE THE REST OF HIS LIFE. HE MARRIED ANDRE DUTCHER WHEN HE SAW HERAT HIS APARTMENT. SHE WAS A COMMERCIAL ARTIST AND PRINTER. THEY SHARED MANY INTERESTS AND HE SAID THEY HAD PERFECT RELATIONSHIP. HOWEVER, IT DETERIORATED BY THE TIME KEN WAS 35.
FOLLOWING THIS IN 3 YEARS HE MARRIED ANOTHER POLITICIAN AND OPENNED THEIR HOME TO VARIED LITERARY FOLKS. IN 5 YEARS THEY SEPARATED.
BY 1949 KEN TRAVELED TO EUROPE WITH MARTHA LARSEN AND THEY MARRIED IN FRANCE. THEY HAD TWO CHILDREN. BY 1956 MARTHA FELL IN LOVE WITH POET ROBERT CREELEY. REXROTH PLEADED FOR HER TO STAY AND REMOVED HER NAME FROM HIS POETRY.
IN 1968 HE WOULD MOVE TO SANTA BARBARA AND TAUGHT SOME COURSES AT UCSB. IN A FEW YEARS HE MARRIED CAROL TINKER, HIS LONGTIME ASSISTANT. THEY WERE A COUPLE UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1982. (I INTERVIEWED CAROL WHILE COMPLETING MY SURVEY OF S.P. TAYLOR STATE PARK). WE FOUND SEVERAL OF HIS POEMS THAT WERE WRITTEN ABOUT HIS CABIN IN THE PARK. MUCH OF HIS WORK WAS CLASSIFIED AS EROTIC LOVE POETRY. HE LIKES ASIAN POETRY AS WELL AS ANCIENT GREEK POETRY. REXROTH WAS INVOLVED IN THE FAMOUS POETRY READING IN SAN FRANCISCO IN 1955. THEY NAMED A STREET AFTER HIM. HE WROTE CULTURAL CRITICISM THAT IS IN HIS ANTHOLOGIES. FROM 1968 TO 1973 HE BECAME A LECTURER AT U.C. SANTA BARBARA. HE BECAME FAMOUS AMONG HIS STUDENTS AND INFAMOUSWITH ADMINISTRATION FOR INFLAMATORY REMARKS ON ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM AND LAZINESS. HE WAS A PACIFIST AND CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOR DURING WWII. HE HELPED JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERESTS.
REXROTH DIED IN SANTA BARABARA IN 1982. HE TRANSLATED JAPANESE AND CHINESE WOMEN POETS AND PROMOTED FEMALE POETS HERE AND OVERSEAS.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
HE WAS BORN IN INDIANA. HIS PARENTS DIED WHEN HE WAS YOUNG SO HE LIVED WITH HIS AUNT IN CHICAGO AND WENT TO ART SCHOOL THERE. WHILE IN CHICAGO HE FREQUENTLY WENT TO MEETING PLACES OF POLITICAL RADICALS.
HE TOURED THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; KANSAS, COLORADO AND NEW MEXICO. THEN MOVED TO GREENWICH VILLAGE. HE LIVED AS A PASTULENT IN HOLY CROSS MONASTERY IN N.Y.C.HE SAID IT WAS PERHAPS THE HAPPIEST TIME OF HIS LIFE IN MEDITATION.
BY AGE 19 HE HITCHHIKED ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND WORKED WITH THE FOREST SERVICE IN THE NORTHWEST. HE BOARDED THE STEAMSHIP IN HOBOKEN AND EXPLORED NEW MEXICO AND SOUTH AMERICA AND THEN TO PARIS.
HE MET HIS 1ST WIFE IN SAN FRANCISCO AND HE LIVED IN CALIFORNIA THE REST OF HIS LIFE. HE MARRIED ANDREE DUTCHER AT FIRST SIGHT WHEN HE THE REST OF HIS LIFE. HE MARRIED ANDRE DUTCHER WHEN HE SAW HERAT HIS APARTMENT. SHE WAS A COMMERCIAL ARTIST AND PRINTER. THEY SHARED MANY INTERESTS AND HE SAID THEY HAD PERFECT RELATIONSHIP. HOWEVER, IT DETERIORATED BY THE TIME KEN WAS 35.
FOLLOWING THIS IN 3 YEARS HE MARRIED ANOTHER POLITICIAN AND OPENNED THEIR HOME TO VARIED LITERARY FOLKS. IN 5 YEARS THEY SEPARATED.
BY 1949 KEN TRAVELED TO EUROPE WITH MARTHA LARSEN AND THEY MARRIED IN FRANCE. THEY HAD TWO CHILDREN. BY 1956 MARTHA FELL IN LOVE WITH POET ROBERT CREELEY. REXROTH PLEADED FOR HER TO STAY AND REMOVED HER NAME FROM HIS POETRY.
IN 1968 HE WOULD MOVE TO SANTA BARBARA AND TAUGHT SOME COURSES AT UCSB. IN A FEW YEARS HE MARRIED CAROL TINKER, HIS LONGTIME ASSISTANT. THEY WERE A COUPLE UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1982. (I INTERVIEWED CAROL WHILE COMPLETING MY SURVEY OF S.P. TAYLOR STATE PARK). WE FOUND SEVERAL OF HIS POEMS THAT WERE WRITTEN ABOUT HIS CABIN IN THE PARK. MUCH OF HIS WORK WAS CLASSIFIED AS EROTIC LOVE POETRY. HE LIKES ASIAN POETRY AS WELL AS ANCIENT GREEK POETRY. REXROTH WAS INVOLVED IN THE FAMOUS POETRY READING IN SAN FRANCISCO IN 1955. THEY NAMED A STREET AFTER HIM. HE WROTE CULTURAL CRITICISM THAT IS IN HIS ANTHOLOGIES. FROM 1968 TO 1973 HE BECAME A LECTURER AT U.C. SANTA BARBARA. HE BECAME FAMOUS AMONG HIS STUDENTS AND INFAMOUSWITH ADMINISTRATION FOR INFLAMATORY REMARKS ON ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM AND LAZINESS. HE WAS A PACIFIST AND CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOR DURING WWII. HE HELPED JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERESTS.
REXROTH DIED IN SANTA BARABARA IN 1982. HE TRANSLATED JAPANESE AND CHINESE WOMEN POETS AND PROMOTED FEMALE POETS HERE AND OVERSEAS.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
BEAR VALLEY IN POINT REYES
THIS WEEKEND I VISITED POINT REYES NATIONAL SEASHORE TO HIKE A MISTY TRAIL CALLED BEAR VALLEY. IT HAD A CREEK AND SOME WATERFALLS ALL ALONG THE TRAIL.THERE WERE SOME HORSEBACK PARK RANGERS THERE. I SAW ONLY ABOUT 50 PEOPLE THAT DAY. IT WAS QUITE A LONG AND COOL HIKE FOR 8 MILES. MANY FOLKS HAD LARGE BACKPACKS ON AND WERE CAMPING OVERNIGHT. THEY SAID THE CAMPS HAD DRINKING WATER. I MET AN OLDER MAN WHO HAD PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND HE HIKED SLOWLY WITH TWO POLES. HE SAID HIS MEMORY WAS BAD. HE CARRIED A CELL PHONE AND HIS WIFE WAS HIKING A MORE DIFFICULT TRAIL. WE SHARED SOME STORIES AND HIS WIFE WANTED TO HIKE ALL 150 MILES OF TRAIL IN THE PARK. SHE WENT SOMEWHERE ELSE. I TOOK IT EASY AND SAT A WHILE WHILE WE WATCHED FOR WILDLIFE. DURING THE MIDDLE OF THE DAY IT WAS HOT IN THE SUN, THOUGH MOST OF THIS TRAIL IS SHADED.
IN PAST YEARS MY FAMILY HAS BROUGHT OUR BIKES TO THIS TRAIL AND IT IS A GOOD WORKOUT. BY FOOT IT TAKES ABOUT 3 TO 4 HOURS. I HAD FOUND MUCH ANGELICA PLANTS THAT WERE USED BY MANY COASTAL TRIBES TO CURE SNAKEBITES, PURIFY BLOOD, AND IT WAS KEPT IN THE POMO MEDICINE POUCH FOR GENERAL MEDICINE.
THE FOLKS AT THE END OF THE TRAIL SAW A CUTE MOLE EATING GRASSES OUT OF HIS HOLE. I SPREAD THE NEWS OF MY EXCURSIONS AND MANY FOLKS WERE INTERESTED. THE OCEAN COAST WAS VERY COLD AND WINDY THAT DAY. THE PARKS HAD ADDED SAND TO COVER A SITE AND IT WAS TRYING TO WALK THERE THAT DAY.
IN THE PAST, WE HAVE SEEN A BABY ELK HERE. THERE SOME CHILDREN, TEENS, YOUNG ADULTS, AND ALL AGE GROUPS HERE. WE ONLY SAW SOME BIRDS. AND ONE FELLA THOUGHT HE SAW AN EAGLE. I NOTICED MUCH POISON OAK BUT NO SOAPROOT. ALSO THIS AREA IN THE COAST MIWOK HAS ABUNDANT VALLEY OAK ACORNS, AS IN SONOMA COUNTY WE HAVE NONE. THEY ALSO HAD MANY PEPPERNUTS.
THE TRAIL IS ALWAYS COOL IN THE SUMMER. IN HISTORIC TIMES I'M SURE THEY HAD BLACK AND BROWN BEAR HERE.
WE HAD CAMPED AT A COASTAL CAMP WITH OUR SON BY BIKING THERE. AND MY HUSBAND I STAYED OVERNIGHT AT A YOUTH HOSTILE AS WELL.
IN PAST YEARS MY FAMILY HAS BROUGHT OUR BIKES TO THIS TRAIL AND IT IS A GOOD WORKOUT. BY FOOT IT TAKES ABOUT 3 TO 4 HOURS. I HAD FOUND MUCH ANGELICA PLANTS THAT WERE USED BY MANY COASTAL TRIBES TO CURE SNAKEBITES, PURIFY BLOOD, AND IT WAS KEPT IN THE POMO MEDICINE POUCH FOR GENERAL MEDICINE.
THE FOLKS AT THE END OF THE TRAIL SAW A CUTE MOLE EATING GRASSES OUT OF HIS HOLE. I SPREAD THE NEWS OF MY EXCURSIONS AND MANY FOLKS WERE INTERESTED. THE OCEAN COAST WAS VERY COLD AND WINDY THAT DAY. THE PARKS HAD ADDED SAND TO COVER A SITE AND IT WAS TRYING TO WALK THERE THAT DAY.
IN THE PAST, WE HAVE SEEN A BABY ELK HERE. THERE SOME CHILDREN, TEENS, YOUNG ADULTS, AND ALL AGE GROUPS HERE. WE ONLY SAW SOME BIRDS. AND ONE FELLA THOUGHT HE SAW AN EAGLE. I NOTICED MUCH POISON OAK BUT NO SOAPROOT. ALSO THIS AREA IN THE COAST MIWOK HAS ABUNDANT VALLEY OAK ACORNS, AS IN SONOMA COUNTY WE HAVE NONE. THEY ALSO HAD MANY PEPPERNUTS.
THE TRAIL IS ALWAYS COOL IN THE SUMMER. IN HISTORIC TIMES I'M SURE THEY HAD BLACK AND BROWN BEAR HERE.
WE HAD CAMPED AT A COASTAL CAMP WITH OUR SON BY BIKING THERE. AND MY HUSBAND I STAYED OVERNIGHT AT A YOUTH HOSTILE AS WELL.
Monday, September 10, 2012
TERWILLIGER NATURE EDUCATION
IN 1976 ELIZABETH TERWILLIGER, WAS THE DAUGHTER OF A PINEAPPLE PLANTATION DOCTOR FROM HAWAII. MRS. T WAS TRAINED AS A NURSE AND BEGAN TEACHING HER TWO CHILDREN ABOUT NATURE AS HER MOTHER HAD DONE. SHE TOOK THEM OUTSIDE. SHE DEVELOPED THE LOVE OF NATURE AS A CHILD.HER CHILDREN INVITED OTHERS ALONG ON HER ADVENTURE PROGRAMS WITH PARENTS. SHE HAD A SPECIAL TALENT FOR EDUCATING CHILDREN. ABOUT HER UNIQUE APPROACH TO TEACHING ABOUT NATURE.
SHE HAD THEM USE ALL OF THEIR SENSES. SHE THOUGHT IF THEY COULD EXPLORE THE NATURAL WORLD WITH HER GUIDANCE THEY WOULD GAIN AN IMPORTANT SENSE OF ITS MAJESTIC POWER AND THEY WOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING IT.
SHE BEGAN WORKING WITH THE LOCAL SCHOOLS TO CREATE WAYS FOR HER TO TAKE THEM OUT AND IN WAYS FOR HER TO TAKE THEM OUT AND IN CLASS PRESENTATIONS. THE DEMAND WAS SO OVERWHELMING THAT THEY HAD TO TRAIN THEMSELVES AND OTHERS TO BE VOLUNTEER NATURE GUIDES SO THAT EVERY CLASS THAT WANTED TO VISIT OR ENJOY A FIELD TRIP COULD. THEY FORMED A NATURE GUIDE ORGANIZATION.. AT THEIR PEAK THERE WERE OVER 75 TERWILLIGER NATURE GUIDES LEADING GROUPS ON FIELD TRIPS IN MARIN COUNTY, TEACHING CHILDREN TO LOVE NATURE. THIS MEANS PEOPLE TAKE CARE OF THINGS THEY LOVE.
AFTER A COUPLE WATCHED THE MAGIC THAT MRS. T BROUGHT TO THE CHILDREN SEVERAL COUPLES DEDICATED THE LIVES TO SPREAD HER MESSAGE AS FAR AND WIDE AS POSSIBLE. MRS. BEKINS SECURED PRODUCED FUNDING TO PRODUCE AN AWARD WINNING FILM. SHE WROTE IT, DIRECTED, CAST, PRODUCED AND DISTRIBUTED THE FILM TO SCHOOLS AROUND THE WORLD. THROUGH HER FILMS 40 MILLION CHILDREN HAVE LEARNED TO LOVE NATURE. MRS. T BOUGHT A NATURE VAN TAXIDERMY ANIMALS TO THE SCHOOLS. CLASSROOM KITS WERE MADE AVAILABLE SO TEACHERS COULD TEACH CHILDRENABOUT NATIVE WILD ANIMALS. SHE TOUCHED LIVES OF HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF MARIN RESIDENTS.
THERE WAS A MERGER OF THE CENTER FOR WILDLIFE AND TERIWWILIGER NATURE CENTER. THEY BOTH HAD SIMILAR MISSIONS IN MARIN COUNTY,
TODAY WILDCARE IS A LEADER IN WILDLIFE REHABILITATION AND NATURE EDUCATION. THE TERWILLIGER NATURE EDUCATION PROGRAMS REACH OVER 40,000 CHILDREN AND ADULTS IN THE BAY AREA. WILDLIFE HOSPITAL HAS HELPED OVER 4,000 ILL, INJURED OR ORPHANED WILD PATIENTS EACH YEAR. WILDCARE ALSO HELPS BRING THEIR EXPERTISE TO HOME OWNERS WITH NUISANCE ANIMALS THROUGHOUT THE BAY AREA.
MRS. T WAS A FORCE OF NATURE TO GENERATION OF COUNTY CHILDREN. FOR 4 DECADES SHE WALKED MARIN'S TRAILS WITH A LINE OF CHILDREN BEHIND HER. SHE POINTERD OUT THE MIRACLES OF NATURE AND TOLD STORIES ABOUT MR. MOLE AND MR/ SPIDER. SHE WOULD PICK UP LITTER WHEREVER SHE WENT. IT WAS HER MISSION TO BRING NATURE ALIVE FOR THE MASSES. SHE DIED AT 97 IN 1987. SHE HAD AN M A IN NUTRITION FROM NEW YORK CITY. AND SHE EARNED A NURSING DEGREE AT STANFORD WHERE SHE MET HER HUSBAND, CALVIN, WHO BECAME A SURGEON. THEY LIVED IN SAUSALITO AFTER WWII AND THEN IN MILL VALLEY.
SAN FRANCISCO GATE.COM
WILDBAYAREA.ORG
SHE HAD THEM USE ALL OF THEIR SENSES. SHE THOUGHT IF THEY COULD EXPLORE THE NATURAL WORLD WITH HER GUIDANCE THEY WOULD GAIN AN IMPORTANT SENSE OF ITS MAJESTIC POWER AND THEY WOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING IT.
SHE BEGAN WORKING WITH THE LOCAL SCHOOLS TO CREATE WAYS FOR HER TO TAKE THEM OUT AND IN WAYS FOR HER TO TAKE THEM OUT AND IN CLASS PRESENTATIONS. THE DEMAND WAS SO OVERWHELMING THAT THEY HAD TO TRAIN THEMSELVES AND OTHERS TO BE VOLUNTEER NATURE GUIDES SO THAT EVERY CLASS THAT WANTED TO VISIT OR ENJOY A FIELD TRIP COULD. THEY FORMED A NATURE GUIDE ORGANIZATION.. AT THEIR PEAK THERE WERE OVER 75 TERWILLIGER NATURE GUIDES LEADING GROUPS ON FIELD TRIPS IN MARIN COUNTY, TEACHING CHILDREN TO LOVE NATURE. THIS MEANS PEOPLE TAKE CARE OF THINGS THEY LOVE.
AFTER A COUPLE WATCHED THE MAGIC THAT MRS. T BROUGHT TO THE CHILDREN SEVERAL COUPLES DEDICATED THE LIVES TO SPREAD HER MESSAGE AS FAR AND WIDE AS POSSIBLE. MRS. BEKINS SECURED PRODUCED FUNDING TO PRODUCE AN AWARD WINNING FILM. SHE WROTE IT, DIRECTED, CAST, PRODUCED AND DISTRIBUTED THE FILM TO SCHOOLS AROUND THE WORLD. THROUGH HER FILMS 40 MILLION CHILDREN HAVE LEARNED TO LOVE NATURE. MRS. T BOUGHT A NATURE VAN TAXIDERMY ANIMALS TO THE SCHOOLS. CLASSROOM KITS WERE MADE AVAILABLE SO TEACHERS COULD TEACH CHILDRENABOUT NATIVE WILD ANIMALS. SHE TOUCHED LIVES OF HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF MARIN RESIDENTS.
THERE WAS A MERGER OF THE CENTER FOR WILDLIFE AND TERIWWILIGER NATURE CENTER. THEY BOTH HAD SIMILAR MISSIONS IN MARIN COUNTY,
TODAY WILDCARE IS A LEADER IN WILDLIFE REHABILITATION AND NATURE EDUCATION. THE TERWILLIGER NATURE EDUCATION PROGRAMS REACH OVER 40,000 CHILDREN AND ADULTS IN THE BAY AREA. WILDLIFE HOSPITAL HAS HELPED OVER 4,000 ILL, INJURED OR ORPHANED WILD PATIENTS EACH YEAR. WILDCARE ALSO HELPS BRING THEIR EXPERTISE TO HOME OWNERS WITH NUISANCE ANIMALS THROUGHOUT THE BAY AREA.
MRS. T WAS A FORCE OF NATURE TO GENERATION OF COUNTY CHILDREN. FOR 4 DECADES SHE WALKED MARIN'S TRAILS WITH A LINE OF CHILDREN BEHIND HER. SHE POINTERD OUT THE MIRACLES OF NATURE AND TOLD STORIES ABOUT MR. MOLE AND MR/ SPIDER. SHE WOULD PICK UP LITTER WHEREVER SHE WENT. IT WAS HER MISSION TO BRING NATURE ALIVE FOR THE MASSES. SHE DIED AT 97 IN 1987. SHE HAD AN M A IN NUTRITION FROM NEW YORK CITY. AND SHE EARNED A NURSING DEGREE AT STANFORD WHERE SHE MET HER HUSBAND, CALVIN, WHO BECAME A SURGEON. THEY LIVED IN SAUSALITO AFTER WWII AND THEN IN MILL VALLEY.
SAN FRANCISCO GATE.COM
WILDBAYAREA.ORG
Friday, September 7, 2012
MY EARLY ART PROJECTS
AS I WAS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL I USED TO MAKE SKETCHES WITH COLORED PENCILS AND CHARCOAL. I ALSO MADE SOME LEATHER ITEMS FROM TANDY LEATHER COMPANY AND DESIGNED AND SEWED SOM LEATHER MOCASSINS. I TAUGHT MYSELF HOW TO KNIT AN CHROCHET, AND MADE MY BARBIE DOLL A LOT OF CLOTHES DURING MY SUMMERS SPENT AT A YARN DEPARTMENT IN A LARGE STORE IN DAYTON. MY MOM HAD AN OLD SEWING MACHINE AND SHE TAUGHT ME TO SEW. ONCE IN GRADE SCHOOL I TOOK MORE SEWING CLASSES AT THE YWCA. AND IN HIGH SCHOOL I MADE MACRAME HANGINGS. I MADE AN INDOOR TERRARIUM. I THEN BEGAN PLAYING WITH ART PROJECTS AT HOME. SOME WERE: I MADE MY DULCIMER FROM A KIT AND LEARNED HOW TO PLAY IT. I BEGAN MAKING INDOOR CACTUS GARDENS FOR MY ROOM. I LEARNED HOW TO PLAY A GUITAR WITH MY BEST FRIEND IN JUNIOR HIGH. ONCE IN 6TH GRADE I ENJOYED METAL SCULPTURE; I MADE LARGE PAPER MACHE PROJECTS; LINOLEUM PRINTS; AND CERAMIC TILE PICTURES. I BOUGHT SOME FOR MY SON T6O EXPERIMENT WITH, BUT HE NEVER HAD TIME. I ALSO HAD CARVED STONE AND MADE SCULPTURES OF OF CLAY DURING HIGH SCHOOL. DURING THE SUMMER I TOOK CLASSES AT THE DAYTON ART MUSEUM AND LEARNED ABOUT LOST WAX SCULPTURES AND OTHER TYPES OF WAYS TO SHAPE AND HAVE FUN WITH CLAY.
Wednesday, September 5, 2012
DOMINICA CULTURE
ON NOVEMBER 1493 CHRIS COLUMBUS'S SECOND VOYAGE TO THIS AREA, HE NAMED THE ISLAND DIES DOMINIC OR THE "LORD'S DAY". THE CARIBS FROM SOUTH AMERICA HAD INHABITED THE ISLAND FOR 600 YEARS AND OTHERS CALLED AMERINDIANS WERE HEAR FOR AT LEAST 2000 YEARS. SPAIN SOON LOST INTEREST IN THE ISLAND BUT FRANCE AND ENGLAND FOUGHT EACH OTHER FOUGHT EACH OTHER FOR CONTROL DURING THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES. BY 1978 DOMINIC BECAME A DEPENDANT REPUBLIC.
IT IS BETWEEN MARTINIQUE AND GUADALUPE IN EASTERN CARIBBEAN. IT HAS MOUNTAINS UP TO 4500 FEET AND IS 30 MILES LONG. IT IS ONE OF THE LAST IN THE CARIBBEAN TO BE COLONIZED . IT WAS A REFUGE FOR ESCAPED SLAVES AND LACKED SUGAR PLANTATIONS. IT HAS LUSH RAIN FORESTS AND A SULPHUR SPRING WITH A BOILING LAKE. IT HAS A 1700 ACRE NATIONAL PARK WITH WATERFALLS AND RIVERS. BY 1991 THERE WERE 71,000 PEOPLE. THE MAJORITY OF FOLKS ARE OF AFRICAN DESCENT. THERE IS A MIXTURE OF MANY CULTURES. FOLKS SPEAK ENGLISH AND BRITISH TOOK CONTROL IN 1763. THE ISLAND HAS SOME CREOLE AS WELL AND SETTLED BY METHODISTS MISSIONARIES. THE LAST FLUENT SPEAKER OF THE CARIB LANGUAGE DIED IN 1920'S. SOME FOLKS ARE TRYING TO RETRIEVE IT. A COMMITTEE OF CREOLE STUDIES WAS CREATED IN 1981. THEY HAVE STRONG RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION AND VARIOUS SYMBOLS. THE NATIONAL FLAG HAS A PARROT AND 3 COLLARS REPRESENTING BANANAS, RIVERS AND VOLCANIC SOIL.
THEY HAVE VERY MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN. THE ISLAND HAD CARIBS AND WAS UNCLAIMED UNTIL 1635 BY FRENCH MISSIONARIES. BOTH FRENCH AND ENGLISH RELINQUISHED IT TO CARIBS AND WAS UNCLAIMED UNTIL 1635 BY FRENCH MISSIONARIES. BOTH FRENCH AND ENGLISH RELINQUISHED IT TO THE CARIBS, BUT CONTINUED AFTER 1750 TO FIGHT OVER THE ISLAND WHILE CARIBS RETREATED TO THEIR RUGGED RESERVE. BOTH COUNTRIES BUILT ESTATES HERE . BY 1834 NO MORE SLAVES WERE ALLOWED . FREED SLAVES TOOK OVER SOME OF THE ISLANDS - THEY PLAYED POWERFUL ROLES IN THE GOVERNMENT AND AFFAIRS.
IN 1833 DOMINICA PLAYED PART OF THE LEEWARD ISLANDS BUT CHANGED TO WINDWARD ISLANDS IN 1940. THE COUNTRY BECAME AN ASSOCIATED STATE WITH BRITISH COMMONWEALTH IN 1967 BEFORE CLAIMING INDEPENDENCE IN 1978.
AT THIS POINT THEIR WAS SOCIAL UNREST, ECONOMIC INSTABILITY, AND IN 1979 A HURRICANE THAT COMPLICATED THE TRANSITION TO INDEPENDENCE. THE GOVERNMENT WAS MORE FOCUSED THE FRENCH, AFRICAN, AND CARIBBEAN INFLUENCE, MORE THAN BRITISH. THE CARIB LIVED IN THEIR RESERVE WHILE THE OTHER FOLKS (SOME CHINESE) OWN SOME OF THE LARGEST BUSINESSES. THEIR IS ETHNIC STEREOTYPING.
FRENCH HOUSES WERE BUILT IN THE CAPITAL AND BRITISH BUILT SOME STREETS VERY ORDERLY. THERE ARE MULTISTORY CRUISE SHIPS ON THE REBUILT PORT. THEY HAVE A LARGE CRUCIFIX ON A SHRINE THAT OVER LOOKS THE CITY. THE DOMINICA RURAL HOMES ARE MADE OF WOOD WITH GALVANIZED METAL ROOFS. THEY HAVE A SEPARATE KITCHEN OUTDOORS. THEY SOCIALIZE AT SHOPS, COMMUNITY CENTERS, CHURCHES OR ON THE STREETS.
THEY HAVE RICH VOLCANIC SOIL FOR GROWING FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES, AND ROOT CROPS. BANANAS AND PLANTAINS ARE CENTRAL TO RURAL DIETS. THEY ARE PREPARED IN A VARIETY OF WAYS. THEY PROCESS MANIOC INTO CASSAVA BREAD, AS ONCE A STAPLE FOOD. NEW WHEAT BREAD IS FROM BAKERIES. LAND CRABS, RIVER CRAYFISH, AND OTHER FISH ARE CAUGHT. THEY COOK A FROG WITH A CREOLE DISH AND PEPPERS IN OIL. THEY HAVE IMPORTED TURKEY PARTS. FOLKS BAKE CAKES, COCONUT POPS AND SWEETS. THEY HAVE FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS. LUNCH IS THEIR LARGEST MEAL OF THE DAY.
DURING THE 1950'S THEY HAD A BANANA BOOM. IN THE 1970'S MANY ESTATES REMAINED SCATTERED AND SOLD OFF IN SMALL LOTS. LAND OWNERSHIP IS WITH A DEED AND HIGHLY VALUED BY PEASANT FARMERS. THE CARIB RESERVE IS EXPANDED TO 3700 ACRES BY BRITISH BUT IT IS COMMUNALLY OWNED.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ARE COCONUT SOAPS, BAY LEAF OIL, RUM, CIGARETTES, PAINT, AND PLASTICS. THEIR MAIN INDUSTRIES INCLUDE FOOD PROCESSING , COCONUT PRODUCTS. MANUFACTURING, DISTILLING RUM, AND HANDICRAFTS. THEY HAVE A SMALL FISH INDUSTRY AND SOME COMMERCE IN TIMBER AND PUMICE. THEY HAVE SMALL FISHING INDUSTRY AS WELL AS TIMBER. TOURISM IS DEVELOPING BUT THEY LACK HOTELS AND AN INTERN AIRPORT. IT IS THE NATURE ISLAND OF THE CARIBBEAN. DAY CRUISE SHIPS VISITS INCREASED DRAMATICALLY IN 1990'S.
MANY GOODS, FOODS, AND CHEMICALS ARE IMPORTED FROM THE U.S. THEY IMPORT TWICE AS MUCH AS THEY EXPORT. THERE IS A CARIBBEAN MARKET HAT HAS A TREATY ESTABLISHED AND SIGNED BY THE CARIBS. MERCHANTS TRAVEL TO OTHER ISLANDS TO SELL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE. MANY OF THEIR POSITIONS ARE GOVERNMENT JOBS THAT REQUIRED POST SECONDARY EDUCATION. RURAL VILLAGES ARE OWNED BY UPPER CLASS DOMINICANS.
SINCE EARLY 1980'S CRIME HAS BEEN LOW. IN 1945 THEY HAD A SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT FOR SOCIAL SECURITY AND A WOMEN'S DESK. SEVERAL NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED SINCE INDEPENDENCE. THEY OFTEN WORK TOGETHER TO UTILIZE FUNDS FOR PROJECTS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE, RURAL HEALTH AND CULTURE.
SINCE THE EARLY 1980'S CRIME HAS BEEN LOW. IN 1945 THEY HAD A SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT FOR SOCIAL SECURITY AND A WOMEN'S DESK. SEVERAL NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED SINCE INDEPENDENCE. THEY OFTEN WORK TOGETHER WITH THE GOVERNMENT WITH THE GOVERNMENT TO UTILIZE FUNDS FOR PROJECTS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AS HEALTH AND CULTURE.
WOMEN AND GIRLS RAISE CHILDREN. THEY GROW VEGIS, AND RAISE SMALL LIVESTOCK. VENDORS ARE AT THE OPEN AIR MARKETS AND THEY BAKE GOODS AND SELL THEM AT MARKET. THEY WEAVE BASKETS. OR HOUSE CLEAN AND PROVIDE CHILDCARE. MEN HARVEST AND SELL BANANAS A MAJOR EXPORT CROP. THEY THEY TEND LIVESTOCK FISH AND WORK IN CONSTRUCTION, BOTH SEXES ARE PROFESSIONAL. WOMEN'S WORK WAS VALUED LESS THAN MENS. WOMEN AS MOTHERS ARE VERY INVOLVED IN COMMUNITY LIFE AND ARE THE CENTER OF KIN NETWORKS.
DOMINICA MARRIAGES ARE BY CHOICE ONLY - I MAN TO 1 WOMAN. MANY YOUNG PEOPLE HAVE MULTIPLE PARTNERS BEFORE MARRYING WITHOUT CHURCH MEN ARE PRIMARY FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTOR TO THE CHILDREN. IN UPPER CLASS MARRIAGE COMES LATER IN LIFE ABOUT 30. DIVORCE IS FROWNED UPON.
A HOUSEHOLD MAY BE A MAN AND WIFE, A WOMAN AND HER CHILDREN, A NUCLEAR FAMILY WITH PARENTS, OR SEVERAL GENERATIONS. THEY SAY THEY SAY EVERYONE ON THE ISLAND IS RELATED. FINANCIAL AND FOOD RESOURCES ARE SHARED.
CHILDREN ARE CARED FOR BY THEIR FAMILIES AND EXTENDED FAMILIES. SMALL BABIES ARE KEPT AT HOME BUT MAY GO TO THE FIELDS AND RIVERS AND ELSEWHERE. WHEN THEY ARE OLDER THEY HAVE CHORES. IN PRIMARY SCHOOL THEY HELP CARE FOR THEIR YOUNGER CHILDREN AND RUN ERRANDS. CHILDREN ARE OBEDIENT. CHILDREN ARE OBEDIENT. CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT TO STAND UP FOR THEMSELVES. EDUCATION IS VALUED. THEY CHARGE FOR PRESCHOOL. ALL ATTEND PRIMARY SCHOOL AND MUST GET A HIGH ENOUGH SCORE ON THE COMMON ENTRANCE EXAM BY AGE 13 TO GO TO SECONDARY SCHOOL. ONLY 2% RECEIVE A UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. PEOPLE ARE EXPECTED TO GREET ONE ANOTHER WHEN THEY TELEPHONE ONE ANOTHER. PRIVACY IS HIGHLY VALUED
ABOUT 70% OF THE POPULATION IS ROMAN CATHOLIC. CARIB AND WEST AFRICAN BELIEFS IN SPIRITS AND OBEAH IN WITCHCRAFT, CONTINUOUS DESPITE CHURCH DISAPPROVAL. SOME DOMINICANS ARE BEING TRAINED AS CLERGY. NATIVE DOMINICANS HAVE BUILT CHURCHES AND BECAME CATHOLIC PRIESTS AND BECAME NUNS.
THEY HOLD SERVICES RESPECTIVE OF CHURCHES. SAME VILLAGES HAVE STONE CHURCHES FROM 17TH TO 18TH CENTURY. THEY TYPICALLY BURY THE DEAD IN A FETAL POSITION. THIS HAS BEEN ABANDONED IN FAVOR OF CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS. THEY OBSERVE ALL SAINTS DAY BY OBSERVING AND VISITING CEMETERIES AND LIGHTING CANDLES OF THEIR DECEASED. THEY HAVE A VARIETY OF HEALTH PROBLEMS
; PARASITIC INTESTINAL,NUTRITIONAL, VENEREAL AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES, AND DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION. DENGUE FEVER, TEEN PREGNANCY, AND SANITATION ARE MAJOR HEALTH CONCERNS. THEY GENERALLY LIVE TO BE 75 YEARS OLD. THEY HAVE SEVERAL HOSPITALS. THEIR TRADITIONAL MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE INCLUDES THE USE OF HERBS AND PLANTS TO CURE.
THE ARTS ARE LARGELY SELF SUPPORTING AND EVENTS RECEIVE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE FUNDING. THEY HAVE A LOCAL HISTORIAN OR ANTHROPOLOGIST WHO HAS PUBLISH THE HISTORY OF THIS ISLAND. BASKETS AND HANDICRAFTS ARE SOLD TO TOURISTS. THEY HAVE TRADITIONAL SONGS, DANCES, MUSIC AND STORYTELLING AT CULTURAL EVENTS. THERE IS LITTLE FUNDING FOR SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, BUT THE GOVERNMENT HAS DOCUMENTED ORAL TRADITIONS.
HOLIDAYS ARE IMPORTANT RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES THAT ARE CELEBRATED WITH KILLING SOME GOATS OR COWS AND THEY PREPARE LARGE MEALS. GUESTS VISIT HOMES THROUGHOUT THE DAY AND ARE GIVEN FOOD AND ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRINKS. CATHOLICS MAKE OFFERINGS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES DURING CHURCH SERVICES.
AGRICULTURE IS A MAINSTAY OF THE ECONOMY WITH BANANAS AND COCONUT AS EXPORTS. THEY ARE NOW A SOCIETY WANTING TO DIVERSIFY THEIR MONOCROP. BY 1763 BRITISH DIVIDED LAND INTO LOTS FOR SALE OF 232 ACRES THAT WENT TO THE CARIBS. FOR THE NEXT 200 YEARS THE LARGEST ESTATES BELONGED TO THE BRITISH OR FRENCH FAMILIES. THESE WERE BOUGHT DURING THE BANANA BOOM OF 1950'S. IN THE 1970' MANY ESTATES REMAINED SCATTERED AND SOLD OFF IN SMALL LOTS. LAND OWNERSHIP IS WITH A DEED AND HIGHLY VALUED BY PEASANT FARMERS. THE CARIB RESERVE IS EXPANDED TO 3700 ACRES BY BRITISH, BUT IT IS COMMUNALLY OWNED.
THE STATE CONFERRED WITH BRITISH COMMONWEALTH IN 1967 BEFORE CLAIMING INDEPENDENCE IN 1978.
AT THIS POINT THERE WAS SOCIAL UNREST, ECONOMIC INSTABILITY, AND IN 1979 A HURRICANE COMPLICATED THE TRANSITION TO INDEPENDENCE. THE GOVERNMENT WAS MORE FOCUSED ON THE FRENCH, AFRICANA, AND CARIB INFLUENCE , MORE THAN THE BRITISH. THE CARIBS LIVE IN THEIR RESERVE OWN SOME OF THE LARGEST BUSINESSES. THEIR IS ETHNIC STEREOTYPING.
FRENCH HOUSES WERE BUILT IN THE CAPITOL AND BRITISH BUILT SOME STREETS VERY ORDERLY. THERE ARE MULTISTORY CRUISE SHIPS ON THE REBUILT PORT. THEY HAVE A LARGE CRUCIFIX ON A SHRINE THAT OVERLOOKS THE CITY. THE DOMINICA RURAL HOMES ARE MADE OF WOOD WITH GALVANIZED METAL ROOFS. THEY HAVE A SEPARATE OUTDOOR KITCHEN. THEY SOCIALIZE AT SHOPS, COMMUNITY CENTERS, CHURCHES OR ON THE STREETS.
EVERY-CULTURE.COM
IT IS BETWEEN MARTINIQUE AND GUADALUPE IN EASTERN CARIBBEAN. IT HAS MOUNTAINS UP TO 4500 FEET AND IS 30 MILES LONG. IT IS ONE OF THE LAST IN THE CARIBBEAN TO BE COLONIZED . IT WAS A REFUGE FOR ESCAPED SLAVES AND LACKED SUGAR PLANTATIONS. IT HAS LUSH RAIN FORESTS AND A SULPHUR SPRING WITH A BOILING LAKE. IT HAS A 1700 ACRE NATIONAL PARK WITH WATERFALLS AND RIVERS. BY 1991 THERE WERE 71,000 PEOPLE. THE MAJORITY OF FOLKS ARE OF AFRICAN DESCENT. THERE IS A MIXTURE OF MANY CULTURES. FOLKS SPEAK ENGLISH AND BRITISH TOOK CONTROL IN 1763. THE ISLAND HAS SOME CREOLE AS WELL AND SETTLED BY METHODISTS MISSIONARIES. THE LAST FLUENT SPEAKER OF THE CARIB LANGUAGE DIED IN 1920'S. SOME FOLKS ARE TRYING TO RETRIEVE IT. A COMMITTEE OF CREOLE STUDIES WAS CREATED IN 1981. THEY HAVE STRONG RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION AND VARIOUS SYMBOLS. THE NATIONAL FLAG HAS A PARROT AND 3 COLLARS REPRESENTING BANANAS, RIVERS AND VOLCANIC SOIL.
THEY HAVE VERY MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN. THE ISLAND HAD CARIBS AND WAS UNCLAIMED UNTIL 1635 BY FRENCH MISSIONARIES. BOTH FRENCH AND ENGLISH RELINQUISHED IT TO CARIBS AND WAS UNCLAIMED UNTIL 1635 BY FRENCH MISSIONARIES. BOTH FRENCH AND ENGLISH RELINQUISHED IT TO THE CARIBS, BUT CONTINUED AFTER 1750 TO FIGHT OVER THE ISLAND WHILE CARIBS RETREATED TO THEIR RUGGED RESERVE. BOTH COUNTRIES BUILT ESTATES HERE . BY 1834 NO MORE SLAVES WERE ALLOWED . FREED SLAVES TOOK OVER SOME OF THE ISLANDS - THEY PLAYED POWERFUL ROLES IN THE GOVERNMENT AND AFFAIRS.
IN 1833 DOMINICA PLAYED PART OF THE LEEWARD ISLANDS BUT CHANGED TO WINDWARD ISLANDS IN 1940. THE COUNTRY BECAME AN ASSOCIATED STATE WITH BRITISH COMMONWEALTH IN 1967 BEFORE CLAIMING INDEPENDENCE IN 1978.
AT THIS POINT THEIR WAS SOCIAL UNREST, ECONOMIC INSTABILITY, AND IN 1979 A HURRICANE THAT COMPLICATED THE TRANSITION TO INDEPENDENCE. THE GOVERNMENT WAS MORE FOCUSED THE FRENCH, AFRICAN, AND CARIBBEAN INFLUENCE, MORE THAN BRITISH. THE CARIB LIVED IN THEIR RESERVE WHILE THE OTHER FOLKS (SOME CHINESE) OWN SOME OF THE LARGEST BUSINESSES. THEIR IS ETHNIC STEREOTYPING.
FRENCH HOUSES WERE BUILT IN THE CAPITAL AND BRITISH BUILT SOME STREETS VERY ORDERLY. THERE ARE MULTISTORY CRUISE SHIPS ON THE REBUILT PORT. THEY HAVE A LARGE CRUCIFIX ON A SHRINE THAT OVER LOOKS THE CITY. THE DOMINICA RURAL HOMES ARE MADE OF WOOD WITH GALVANIZED METAL ROOFS. THEY HAVE A SEPARATE KITCHEN OUTDOORS. THEY SOCIALIZE AT SHOPS, COMMUNITY CENTERS, CHURCHES OR ON THE STREETS.
THEY HAVE RICH VOLCANIC SOIL FOR GROWING FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES, AND ROOT CROPS. BANANAS AND PLANTAINS ARE CENTRAL TO RURAL DIETS. THEY ARE PREPARED IN A VARIETY OF WAYS. THEY PROCESS MANIOC INTO CASSAVA BREAD, AS ONCE A STAPLE FOOD. NEW WHEAT BREAD IS FROM BAKERIES. LAND CRABS, RIVER CRAYFISH, AND OTHER FISH ARE CAUGHT. THEY COOK A FROG WITH A CREOLE DISH AND PEPPERS IN OIL. THEY HAVE IMPORTED TURKEY PARTS. FOLKS BAKE CAKES, COCONUT POPS AND SWEETS. THEY HAVE FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS. LUNCH IS THEIR LARGEST MEAL OF THE DAY.
DURING THE 1950'S THEY HAD A BANANA BOOM. IN THE 1970'S MANY ESTATES REMAINED SCATTERED AND SOLD OFF IN SMALL LOTS. LAND OWNERSHIP IS WITH A DEED AND HIGHLY VALUED BY PEASANT FARMERS. THE CARIB RESERVE IS EXPANDED TO 3700 ACRES BY BRITISH BUT IT IS COMMUNALLY OWNED.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ARE COCONUT SOAPS, BAY LEAF OIL, RUM, CIGARETTES, PAINT, AND PLASTICS. THEIR MAIN INDUSTRIES INCLUDE FOOD PROCESSING , COCONUT PRODUCTS. MANUFACTURING, DISTILLING RUM, AND HANDICRAFTS. THEY HAVE A SMALL FISH INDUSTRY AND SOME COMMERCE IN TIMBER AND PUMICE. THEY HAVE SMALL FISHING INDUSTRY AS WELL AS TIMBER. TOURISM IS DEVELOPING BUT THEY LACK HOTELS AND AN INTERN AIRPORT. IT IS THE NATURE ISLAND OF THE CARIBBEAN. DAY CRUISE SHIPS VISITS INCREASED DRAMATICALLY IN 1990'S.
MANY GOODS, FOODS, AND CHEMICALS ARE IMPORTED FROM THE U.S. THEY IMPORT TWICE AS MUCH AS THEY EXPORT. THERE IS A CARIBBEAN MARKET HAT HAS A TREATY ESTABLISHED AND SIGNED BY THE CARIBS. MERCHANTS TRAVEL TO OTHER ISLANDS TO SELL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE. MANY OF THEIR POSITIONS ARE GOVERNMENT JOBS THAT REQUIRED POST SECONDARY EDUCATION. RURAL VILLAGES ARE OWNED BY UPPER CLASS DOMINICANS.
SINCE EARLY 1980'S CRIME HAS BEEN LOW. IN 1945 THEY HAD A SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT FOR SOCIAL SECURITY AND A WOMEN'S DESK. SEVERAL NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED SINCE INDEPENDENCE. THEY OFTEN WORK TOGETHER TO UTILIZE FUNDS FOR PROJECTS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE, RURAL HEALTH AND CULTURE.
SINCE THE EARLY 1980'S CRIME HAS BEEN LOW. IN 1945 THEY HAD A SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT FOR SOCIAL SECURITY AND A WOMEN'S DESK. SEVERAL NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED SINCE INDEPENDENCE. THEY OFTEN WORK TOGETHER WITH THE GOVERNMENT WITH THE GOVERNMENT TO UTILIZE FUNDS FOR PROJECTS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AS HEALTH AND CULTURE.
WOMEN AND GIRLS RAISE CHILDREN. THEY GROW VEGIS, AND RAISE SMALL LIVESTOCK. VENDORS ARE AT THE OPEN AIR MARKETS AND THEY BAKE GOODS AND SELL THEM AT MARKET. THEY WEAVE BASKETS. OR HOUSE CLEAN AND PROVIDE CHILDCARE. MEN HARVEST AND SELL BANANAS A MAJOR EXPORT CROP. THEY THEY TEND LIVESTOCK FISH AND WORK IN CONSTRUCTION, BOTH SEXES ARE PROFESSIONAL. WOMEN'S WORK WAS VALUED LESS THAN MENS. WOMEN AS MOTHERS ARE VERY INVOLVED IN COMMUNITY LIFE AND ARE THE CENTER OF KIN NETWORKS.
DOMINICA MARRIAGES ARE BY CHOICE ONLY - I MAN TO 1 WOMAN. MANY YOUNG PEOPLE HAVE MULTIPLE PARTNERS BEFORE MARRYING WITHOUT CHURCH MEN ARE PRIMARY FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTOR TO THE CHILDREN. IN UPPER CLASS MARRIAGE COMES LATER IN LIFE ABOUT 30. DIVORCE IS FROWNED UPON.
A HOUSEHOLD MAY BE A MAN AND WIFE, A WOMAN AND HER CHILDREN, A NUCLEAR FAMILY WITH PARENTS, OR SEVERAL GENERATIONS. THEY SAY THEY SAY EVERYONE ON THE ISLAND IS RELATED. FINANCIAL AND FOOD RESOURCES ARE SHARED.
CHILDREN ARE CARED FOR BY THEIR FAMILIES AND EXTENDED FAMILIES. SMALL BABIES ARE KEPT AT HOME BUT MAY GO TO THE FIELDS AND RIVERS AND ELSEWHERE. WHEN THEY ARE OLDER THEY HAVE CHORES. IN PRIMARY SCHOOL THEY HELP CARE FOR THEIR YOUNGER CHILDREN AND RUN ERRANDS. CHILDREN ARE OBEDIENT. CHILDREN ARE OBEDIENT. CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT TO STAND UP FOR THEMSELVES. EDUCATION IS VALUED. THEY CHARGE FOR PRESCHOOL. ALL ATTEND PRIMARY SCHOOL AND MUST GET A HIGH ENOUGH SCORE ON THE COMMON ENTRANCE EXAM BY AGE 13 TO GO TO SECONDARY SCHOOL. ONLY 2% RECEIVE A UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. PEOPLE ARE EXPECTED TO GREET ONE ANOTHER WHEN THEY TELEPHONE ONE ANOTHER. PRIVACY IS HIGHLY VALUED
ABOUT 70% OF THE POPULATION IS ROMAN CATHOLIC. CARIB AND WEST AFRICAN BELIEFS IN SPIRITS AND OBEAH IN WITCHCRAFT, CONTINUOUS DESPITE CHURCH DISAPPROVAL. SOME DOMINICANS ARE BEING TRAINED AS CLERGY. NATIVE DOMINICANS HAVE BUILT CHURCHES AND BECAME CATHOLIC PRIESTS AND BECAME NUNS.
THEY HOLD SERVICES RESPECTIVE OF CHURCHES. SAME VILLAGES HAVE STONE CHURCHES FROM 17TH TO 18TH CENTURY. THEY TYPICALLY BURY THE DEAD IN A FETAL POSITION. THIS HAS BEEN ABANDONED IN FAVOR OF CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS. THEY OBSERVE ALL SAINTS DAY BY OBSERVING AND VISITING CEMETERIES AND LIGHTING CANDLES OF THEIR DECEASED. THEY HAVE A VARIETY OF HEALTH PROBLEMS
; PARASITIC INTESTINAL,NUTRITIONAL, VENEREAL AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES, AND DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION. DENGUE FEVER, TEEN PREGNANCY, AND SANITATION ARE MAJOR HEALTH CONCERNS. THEY GENERALLY LIVE TO BE 75 YEARS OLD. THEY HAVE SEVERAL HOSPITALS. THEIR TRADITIONAL MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE INCLUDES THE USE OF HERBS AND PLANTS TO CURE.
THE ARTS ARE LARGELY SELF SUPPORTING AND EVENTS RECEIVE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE FUNDING. THEY HAVE A LOCAL HISTORIAN OR ANTHROPOLOGIST WHO HAS PUBLISH THE HISTORY OF THIS ISLAND. BASKETS AND HANDICRAFTS ARE SOLD TO TOURISTS. THEY HAVE TRADITIONAL SONGS, DANCES, MUSIC AND STORYTELLING AT CULTURAL EVENTS. THERE IS LITTLE FUNDING FOR SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, BUT THE GOVERNMENT HAS DOCUMENTED ORAL TRADITIONS.
HOLIDAYS ARE IMPORTANT RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES THAT ARE CELEBRATED WITH KILLING SOME GOATS OR COWS AND THEY PREPARE LARGE MEALS. GUESTS VISIT HOMES THROUGHOUT THE DAY AND ARE GIVEN FOOD AND ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRINKS. CATHOLICS MAKE OFFERINGS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES DURING CHURCH SERVICES.
AGRICULTURE IS A MAINSTAY OF THE ECONOMY WITH BANANAS AND COCONUT AS EXPORTS. THEY ARE NOW A SOCIETY WANTING TO DIVERSIFY THEIR MONOCROP. BY 1763 BRITISH DIVIDED LAND INTO LOTS FOR SALE OF 232 ACRES THAT WENT TO THE CARIBS. FOR THE NEXT 200 YEARS THE LARGEST ESTATES BELONGED TO THE BRITISH OR FRENCH FAMILIES. THESE WERE BOUGHT DURING THE BANANA BOOM OF 1950'S. IN THE 1970' MANY ESTATES REMAINED SCATTERED AND SOLD OFF IN SMALL LOTS. LAND OWNERSHIP IS WITH A DEED AND HIGHLY VALUED BY PEASANT FARMERS. THE CARIB RESERVE IS EXPANDED TO 3700 ACRES BY BRITISH, BUT IT IS COMMUNALLY OWNED.
THE STATE CONFERRED WITH BRITISH COMMONWEALTH IN 1967 BEFORE CLAIMING INDEPENDENCE IN 1978.
AT THIS POINT THERE WAS SOCIAL UNREST, ECONOMIC INSTABILITY, AND IN 1979 A HURRICANE COMPLICATED THE TRANSITION TO INDEPENDENCE. THE GOVERNMENT WAS MORE FOCUSED ON THE FRENCH, AFRICANA, AND CARIB INFLUENCE , MORE THAN THE BRITISH. THE CARIBS LIVE IN THEIR RESERVE OWN SOME OF THE LARGEST BUSINESSES. THEIR IS ETHNIC STEREOTYPING.
FRENCH HOUSES WERE BUILT IN THE CAPITOL AND BRITISH BUILT SOME STREETS VERY ORDERLY. THERE ARE MULTISTORY CRUISE SHIPS ON THE REBUILT PORT. THEY HAVE A LARGE CRUCIFIX ON A SHRINE THAT OVERLOOKS THE CITY. THE DOMINICA RURAL HOMES ARE MADE OF WOOD WITH GALVANIZED METAL ROOFS. THEY HAVE A SEPARATE OUTDOOR KITCHEN. THEY SOCIALIZE AT SHOPS, COMMUNITY CENTERS, CHURCHES OR ON THE STREETS.
EVERY-CULTURE.COM
MY EARLY FAMILY LIFE
I WAS BORN IN A SMALL TOWN CALLED TROY, OHIO. I WENT TO A SMALL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL THAT WAS I BLOCK AWAY. ONE BOY FROM SCHOOL WOULD TRY TO CHASE ME AFTER SCHOOL AND PUSH HIS WAY INTO MY HOUSE. SO I RAN HOME FROM SCHOOL AND LOCKED THE DOORS. MY FATHER'S FAMILY WAS VERY WEALTHY AS THEY HAD MADE MUCH MONEY FROM A WESTERN STORE THEY OWNED FOR SEVERAL GENERATIONS. I WAS RAISED WITH MY BROTHER, 1 YEAR OLDER, AND WE HAD MADE FRIENDS WITH KIDS OUR AGE ON OUR BLOCK AND SEVERAL BLOCKS AWAY. I MET MY BEST FRIEND IN JUNIOR HIGH . IN OUR HOUSE MY UNCLE ALWAYS CAME TO OUR HOUSE FOR SPAGHETTI ON SUNDAY NIGHTS. HE WOULD PLAY POOL AS WE HAD A LARGE POOL TABLE IN OUR LARGE ENTRY ROOM. WE ALSO PLAYED CHESS MY TIMES AND HAD OTHER STRATEGY GAMES. SOMETIMES MY FATHER'S UNCLE CAME OVER TOO. I HARDLY REMEMBER HIM, BUT HE AND HIS WIFE WERE PRETTY MELLOW. MY RELATIVES ON MY FATHER'S SIDE WERE WELL EDUCATED. MY UNCLE HAD A PH D IN CHILD PSYCHOLOGY BUT NEVER GOT MARRIED OR HAD CHILDREN. WHEN HE WAS YOUNGER WE WENT FOR WALKS AT ANTICH AND OTHER NATURE PRESERVES. MY FATHER HAD AN MA IN PSYCHOLOGY. HE AND MY UNCLE AND MOM WORKED AT THEIR FATHER'S STORE. MY MOM WAS AN ACCOUNTANT AND I REMEMBER PLAYING IN THE UPSTAIRS OF THE OLD STORE. WE ALL DRESSED IN COWGIRL AND COWBOY CLOTHES AS THEY SOLD THESE CLOTHES THAT THEY HAD SHIPPED FROM KANSAS. THEY ALSO SOLD HORSE SADDLES AND WESTERN BELTS.
MY PARENTS WERE UNUSUAL AS THEY WERE INTERESTED IN HEATHY LIVING AND HAD INTEREST IN VITAMINS, HEATH FOODS, AND HEALTHY LIVING. MY MOM COOKED GOOD MEALS ON WEEKENDS AND ONCE I WAS OLD ENOUGH I COOKED MEALS ON WEEKDAYS. SOMETIMES MY MOM MADE WHOLE WHEAT BREAD AND THEY WERE PROGRESSIVE FOR THEIR TIME IN OHIO. I TOOK AN INTEREST IN COOKING AND LEARNED HOW TO COOK WHEN I WAS VERY YOUNG, AS WELL AS IN HIGH SCHOOL ECONOMICS. WE LIVED IN A 100 YEAR OLD HOUSE THAT WAS NEVER PAINTED THE ENTIRE 16 YEARS THAT I LIVED THERE! MY UNCLE LIVED ONLY 2 HOUSES AWAY AT THE TIME. MY MOM QUIRT WORK FOR 10 YEARS RAISING US. SHE HAD WORKED FOR VARIOUS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES INCLUDING: BUREAU OF ENTEMOLOGY, TROY COURT HOUSE, INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, AND AN AIR FORCE BASE.
I REMEMBER AS A CHILD PLAYING TENNIS ALOT. MY PARENTS DID ALSO.WE HAD A LARGE TOWN PARK BUT NOT MANY RELATIVES OR COUSINS HERE. I LEARNED TO MAKE FRIENDS EASILY. WE ALSO ENJOYED ICE SKATING INSIDE A LARGE RINK AS WEL AS OUTSIDE AT PONDS. THEY HAD PROFESSIONAL SKATING EVENTS. I HAD SOME ROLLERS SKATES AS WELL THAT I LIKED.
WE RARELY WENT TO CHURCH, MY MOM WAS BURNT OUT FROM GOING TO CATHOLIC CHURCH. HOWEVER MY DAD MUST HAVE GONE TO CHURCH AS HE WAS IN THREE CHOIRS. I REMEMBER GOING TO CHURCH ON EASTER AND CHRITMAS. WE VISITED MY MOM'S FAMILY MANY WINTER BREAKS.
I TURNED INTO A TOMBOY AND HAD AN AFFINITY FOR PLAYING OUTDOORS. I JOINED CAMPFIRE GIRLS AND MY MOM FOUND PLACES WHERE I COULD DO ACROBATICS, DANCING, ETC. MY HIGH SCHOOL ART TEACHER THOUGHT I SHOULD BE AN ART TEACHER. I WANTED TO BE A CLOTHES DESIGNER IN HIGH SCHOOL. I USED TO CLEAN UP SEVERAL OF MY UNCLE'S HOUSES AS HE GOT OLDER. MY DAD BECAME A SHOE SALES MAN AS THEIR OLD STORE WENT INTO BANKRUPCY. DAD TOOK US TO A NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM IN DAYTON AS WE ALL DROVE TO DAYTON IN THE SUMMERS, AND MY MOM GOT A GOVERNMENT JOB THERE. HEALSO TOOK US TO AN ART MUSEUM WHERE WE MADE ALL KINDS OF SCULTURES.
MY PARENTS WERE UNUSUAL AS THEY WERE INTERESTED IN HEATHY LIVING AND HAD INTEREST IN VITAMINS, HEATH FOODS, AND HEALTHY LIVING. MY MOM COOKED GOOD MEALS ON WEEKENDS AND ONCE I WAS OLD ENOUGH I COOKED MEALS ON WEEKDAYS. SOMETIMES MY MOM MADE WHOLE WHEAT BREAD AND THEY WERE PROGRESSIVE FOR THEIR TIME IN OHIO. I TOOK AN INTEREST IN COOKING AND LEARNED HOW TO COOK WHEN I WAS VERY YOUNG, AS WELL AS IN HIGH SCHOOL ECONOMICS. WE LIVED IN A 100 YEAR OLD HOUSE THAT WAS NEVER PAINTED THE ENTIRE 16 YEARS THAT I LIVED THERE! MY UNCLE LIVED ONLY 2 HOUSES AWAY AT THE TIME. MY MOM QUIRT WORK FOR 10 YEARS RAISING US. SHE HAD WORKED FOR VARIOUS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES INCLUDING: BUREAU OF ENTEMOLOGY, TROY COURT HOUSE, INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, AND AN AIR FORCE BASE.
I REMEMBER AS A CHILD PLAYING TENNIS ALOT. MY PARENTS DID ALSO.WE HAD A LARGE TOWN PARK BUT NOT MANY RELATIVES OR COUSINS HERE. I LEARNED TO MAKE FRIENDS EASILY. WE ALSO ENJOYED ICE SKATING INSIDE A LARGE RINK AS WEL AS OUTSIDE AT PONDS. THEY HAD PROFESSIONAL SKATING EVENTS. I HAD SOME ROLLERS SKATES AS WELL THAT I LIKED.
WE RARELY WENT TO CHURCH, MY MOM WAS BURNT OUT FROM GOING TO CATHOLIC CHURCH. HOWEVER MY DAD MUST HAVE GONE TO CHURCH AS HE WAS IN THREE CHOIRS. I REMEMBER GOING TO CHURCH ON EASTER AND CHRITMAS. WE VISITED MY MOM'S FAMILY MANY WINTER BREAKS.
I TURNED INTO A TOMBOY AND HAD AN AFFINITY FOR PLAYING OUTDOORS. I JOINED CAMPFIRE GIRLS AND MY MOM FOUND PLACES WHERE I COULD DO ACROBATICS, DANCING, ETC. MY HIGH SCHOOL ART TEACHER THOUGHT I SHOULD BE AN ART TEACHER. I WANTED TO BE A CLOTHES DESIGNER IN HIGH SCHOOL. I USED TO CLEAN UP SEVERAL OF MY UNCLE'S HOUSES AS HE GOT OLDER. MY DAD BECAME A SHOE SALES MAN AS THEIR OLD STORE WENT INTO BANKRUPCY. DAD TOOK US TO A NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM IN DAYTON AS WE ALL DROVE TO DAYTON IN THE SUMMERS, AND MY MOM GOT A GOVERNMENT JOB THERE. HEALSO TOOK US TO AN ART MUSEUM WHERE WE MADE ALL KINDS OF SCULTURES.
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