DENMARK MEANS "BORDER OF THE DANES" TO A POLITICAL UNIT DURING THE 6TH AND 9TH CENTURIES. BY THE 9TH CENTURY THE DANES HAD GAINED MASTERY OF THE AREA KNOWN TODAY AS DENMARK, INCLUDING SWEDEN AND NORWAY. THE DANES ORIGINATED IN SWEDEN.
DENMARK IS A SMALL IN AREA AND HAS RURAL URBAN AND AN ISLAND COMMUNITIES THAT HAVE DIFFERENCES . DENMARK HISTORICALLY INCLUDES THE FORMER COLONIES OF GREENLAND AND FAROE ISLANDS. 80 OF THE 400 ISLANDS ARE INHABITATED. THEY HAVE FEW AREAS AT HIGH ELEVATION. IN 2000 THE POPULATION WAS 5 MILLION . DURING 1973 FREE ABORTION WAS THEY HAD FREE ABORTIONS AND STERILIZATION AVAILABLE TO REDUCE THEIR POPULATION.
DENMARK FOLKS SPEAK DANISH. THERE IS NO SECONDARY LANGUAGE. MOST FOLKS CAN SPEAK SOME ENGLISH AND GERMAN. DENMARK IS THE POLDEST KINGDOM IN EUROPE.
ACCORDING TO HISTORY DENMARK IS THE OLDEST KINGDOM IN EUROPE ACCORDING TO HISTORICAL SOURCES IT DATES BACK TO THE NINETH CENTURY. BY MYTH IT SAYS THEY WERE HERE IN THE 6TH CENTURYBY MYTH IT SAYS THEY WERE HERE IN THE 6TH CENTURY. RECENTLY THEY ARE FOCUSED ON TRADE, WELFARE EQUALITY. THEY BATTLED FOR YEARS WITH OTHERS COUNTRIES. BY 19TH CENTURY THEY FORMED A CONSTITUTION . BEER ALLOTTMENT GARDENS AND THE NATIONAL ANTHEM ARE PARTS OF THEIR CULTURE. DANES CONSTANTLY NEGOTIATE AND CHANGE THEIR CULTURE IN RESPONSE TO CONTACT PEOPLE AND ITEMS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES.
DENMARK WAS ONCE OPEN AND WELOMED FOREIGNERS, BUT TENSIONS HAVE EXISTED BETWEEN NATIVE RESIDENTS AND IMMIGRANTS AREA A PROBLEM. TODAY.
WITHIN 120 YEARS DENMARK MOVED FROM AGRICULTURE TO AN INDUSTRIALIZED SOCIETY. MIGRATION FROM RURAL AREAS TO URBAN AREAS WHERE THE JOBS WERE.
THEIR TOWNS USUALLY HAVE A CENTER AREA WITH OLDER HOUSES . ANTHROPOLOGISTS HAVE NOTED A SHARP DISTINCTIONA SHARP DISTINCTIONDISTINCTION BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACE AND A PRONOUCED PREFERENCE FOR PRIVATE AND DOMESTIC SPHERES. COLLEAGUES AND MORE DISTINCT FRIENDS ARE NOT IN PUBLIC. THEY EAT USUALLY AT HOME AND HAVE MUCH MEAT. THEY GROW ORGANIC FOODS.
AT CEREMONIES THEY EAT AND DRINK SPECIAL FOODS. ON CERTAIN HOLIDAYS THEY HAVE STUFFED GOOSE AND COD OR ROASTED LAMB.
NATURAL RESOURESARE LIMITED TO AGRICULTURE, LAND, CLAY, STONE, CHALK, LIME, PEAT AND IGNITE. THEY HAVE MUCH INTERNATIONAL TRADE. AGRICULTURAL AND PRODUCE PRODUCTS FOR 3 TIMES THEIR POPULATION. 91% OF FARMERS ARE FAMILY RUN RUN. NEIGHBORS DISCUSS OPTIONS FOR SNOW REMOVAL AND CITY SERVICES.
THEY HAVE A LARGE SNOW REMOVAL AND CITY SERVICES. THEY HAVE A LARGE COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRY. THEIR MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS ARE ARE GERMANY, SWEDEN, GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, NETHERLANDS, U.S. AND JAPAN AND ITALY. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ARE A BIG PART OF EXPORTS. AGRICULTURE IS NOW MACHINE DRIVEN.
THEIR ADULT POPULLATION HAS INCREASEDIN UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE WHO RECEIVE PUBLIC SUPPORT. IN 1993 THEYVOTED NOT TO JOIN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMON MILITARY FORCE. THE UNEMPLOYED RECEIVED COMPENSATION LESS THAN THE LOWWAGE FOLKS. IF THEY ARE UNEMPLOYED FOR 6 MONTHS THEY MEET UPA COUNSELOR RE TRAINING, ETC. FOOD AND SHELTER ARE ALWAYS PROVIDED. OVER 90% ARE IN AN ORGANIZATION.
THESE FOLKS ARE FREE TO CHOOSE THEIR MARRIAGE PARTNERS. MANY PEOPLE COHABIT AT A YOUNG AGE. THEY DON'T MARRY CLOSE KIN MEMBERS.
FORTY % OF ADULTS ARE MARRIED. DIVORCE MAY INVOLVE SEPARATION. BY A LEGAL PROCEDURE. HOUSEHOLDS ARE LIKE OURS WITH A COUPLE OF CHILDREN. SOME COUPLES ARE DISPERSED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. INFANTS ARE CARED FOR IN THEIR PARENTS HOME UNTIL 6 MONTHS. THEY ARE THEN PUT INTO A CHILD CARE FACILITY.
DENMARK HAS 5 UNIVERSITIES AND SOME STUDENTS GO TO A VOCATIONAL SCHOOL. MANY TOURISTS STROLL ALONG A HARBOR 1 MILE LONG. THEY SHOW FEW EMOTIONS PUBLICALLY AS IT IS A SIGN OF WEAKNESS.
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IS CONSONANT WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS. THEY MOSTLY ARE LUTHERAN. VARIOUS OTHER RELIGIONS ARE HERE. RECENTLY RELIGIOUS GROUPS HAVE CELEBRATED OLD VIKING GODS.
ONLY A FEW PEOPLE ATTEND CHURCH REGULARLY. PEOPLE ARE BURIED HERE OR ARE CREMATED IN THE GRAVEYARD THERE. SINCE 1973 A TAX FINANCED HEALTH CARE SYSTEM PROVIDED FREE HEALTH CARE THROUGHOUT YOUR LIFE IF FOLKS WANT ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE THEY PAY ADDITIONALLY. LIMITED RESOURCES FOR HEALTH CARE THAT CAUSED LONG WAITING ISTS LED TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PRIVATE HOSPITALS OFFERING TREATMENTS SUCH AS HIP SURGERY AND BYPASS OPERATIONS PROFESSIONALS STRESS THAT INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR HEALTH WITHOUT THROUGH CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE AND PERSONAL HEALTH CHANGES. FOCUS HAS BEEN ON NOTIONS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF VARIED EATING PATTERNS, FRESH, AIR EXERCISE, A POSITIVE MOOD, AND GOOD SOCIAL RELATIONS.
NATIONAL CELEBRATIONS OCCUR JUST LIKE WE HAVE CELEBRATIONS, ONLY A FEW EXCELLENT ARTISTS ARE SELF SUPPORTING. MAJOR SOCIAL SCIENTISTS ARE ECONOMICS, POLITICAL SCIENTISTS, ANTHROPOLOGISTS, AND SOCIOLOGY. PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS INCLUDE MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. THE DANISH TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE ARE IMPORTANT IN INFORMATION SERVICES.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Tuesday, April 23, 2013
QUARRY HILL BOTANICAL GARDENS
THIS ORIENTAL GARDEN WAS FREE TO THE PUBLIC ON EARTH DAY. I DECIDED TO GO THERE AS IT WAS A PLACE I ENJOYED BEFORE. I GOT THERE WHEN IT WAS ABOUT 75 DEGREES. THEN IT GOT HOTTER. I BOUGHT SOME FOOD AND WORE SOME SANDALS EVEN THOUGH IT WAS A TOUGH STONY TRAIL. I LEARNED THAT TICKS CAN JUMP ON PEOPLE EVEN IN DRY HEAT CONDITIONS! ONE MAN HAD ALL KINDS OF SNAKES AND SOME WERE RATTLESNAKES WHO ATE OTHER SNAKES. APPARENTLY THIS PLACE HAS GREAT INSURANCE SINCE NO ONE HAD TO SIGN A LIABILITY WAIVER IF THEY GOT A TICK OR SNAKEBITE! NO ONE DID APPARENTLY. THE DISPLAY OF SNAKES SHOWED CORRAL SNAKES THAT ATE OTHER SNAKES. THERE WERE SEVERAL PEOPLE INTERESTED IN MY HIKES. I MISSED THE CHINESE LION DANCE. I HIKED UP AND DOWN THE SMALL PRESERVE OF ORIENTAL GARDEN PATHS. WE SAW A SMALL TURTLE. ONE VOLUNTEER SAW A RATTLESNAKE. I DRANK LOTS OF WATER BUT I WAS BEAT BY THE HEAT ON THIS TRAIL. MOST PEOPLE WERE SITTING OR STANDING IN THE NICE POOLS THEY HAD CREATED THERE. CHILDREN CAUGHT SOME TADPOLES AND HAD SOME WATER FUN.
THEY HAD AN IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR THE COLUMBINE. ONE GUIDE SAID SHE SAW A RATTLESNAKE. THEY HAD A TRAIL GUIDE WITH VARIOUS PLANTS FROM EUROPEAN AND ASIA AND CHINA. MOST OF THEM ARE LARGE TREES. THEY HAD AN IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR THE COLUMBINE. ONE GUIDE SAID SHE SAW A SNAKE. THEY HAVE TWO MAN MADE PONDS WITH LOTUS FLOWERS. MANY PEOPLE WERE SWEATING AND SEVERAL OLDER MEMBERS HAD COME FROM MARIN AND WERE INTERESTED IN MY HIKES. THE PONDS WERE A RELIEF AND THEY HAD BUILT WATERFALLS. I MET SOME PHILLIPINO WOMEN WHO SAID THEIR COUNTRY WAS PRETTY MUCH LIKE HAWAII. THE CHILDREN PLAYED AROUND A STONE BRIDGE. WE MET A STORIE TELLER AT THE END OF THE DAY AND SHE TOLD STORIES FROM ASIA.
THEY HAD AN IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR THE COLUMBINE. ONE GUIDE SAID SHE SAW A RATTLESNAKE. THEY HAD A TRAIL GUIDE WITH VARIOUS PLANTS FROM EUROPEAN AND ASIA AND CHINA. MOST OF THEM ARE LARGE TREES. THEY HAD AN IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR THE COLUMBINE. ONE GUIDE SAID SHE SAW A SNAKE. THEY HAVE TWO MAN MADE PONDS WITH LOTUS FLOWERS. MANY PEOPLE WERE SWEATING AND SEVERAL OLDER MEMBERS HAD COME FROM MARIN AND WERE INTERESTED IN MY HIKES. THE PONDS WERE A RELIEF AND THEY HAD BUILT WATERFALLS. I MET SOME PHILLIPINO WOMEN WHO SAID THEIR COUNTRY WAS PRETTY MUCH LIKE HAWAII. THE CHILDREN PLAYED AROUND A STONE BRIDGE. WE MET A STORIE TELLER AT THE END OF THE DAY AND SHE TOLD STORIES FROM ASIA.
NETHERLANDS CULTURE
THEY HAVE A DIVERSE GROUP AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES. THE DUTCH CULTURE HAS PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR CENTURIES IN THE GOLDEN AGE. DURING 1500'S MANY PAINTERS FLED TO NORTHERN NETHERLANDS FOR RELIGIOUS REASONS. THESE REGIONS WERE GROWING ECONOMICALLY. SOME GREAT PAINTERS CAME FROM HERE, SUCH AS VINCENT VAN GOGH. BY 1581 NETHERLANDS WAS FREE FROM SPAIN.
THEY MAINLY SPEAK DUTCH WHILE THEY ALSO SPEAK DIALECTS. LOW SAXON. NETHERLANDS HAS BEEN WHERE FOLKS HAVE BEEN WHERE FOLKS HAVE MOVED WHO WERE FLEEING FROM DISCRIMINATION; THEY ALSO DREW REFUGEES FROM WAR COUNTRIES IN THE 1900'S. THE PEOPLE HERE LIKE TO ENJOY CULTURAL DIVERSITY. THEY HAVE BUILT DIKES AND DUNES TO PROTECT THEIR LAND FROM STORMSTHEY HAVE 12 PROVINCES AND IT IS THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRY IN EUROPE. THEY ALSO SPEAK CREOLE IN SOME PARTS. THEY HAVE PRIDEN SINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS. PEOPLE RAISE ORANGE FLAGS TO BE PATRIOTIC AND HAVE A GOOD FEELING OF THEIR ATHLETES. THEY HAVE A BIG FESTIVAL ON QUEENS DAY TO CELEBRATE HOPE AND UNITY DURING WAR THE QUEEN BRINGS THEM HOPE AND UNITY DURING WAR. THE QUEEN BRINGS THEM HOPE AND UNITY DURING THE WAR IN 1940 - 1945.
IN 1940 TO 1945 THE DUTCH PEOPLE WERE OCCUPIED BY NAZI GERMANY. THEY SHELTERED 25,000 FOLKS INCLUDING JEWS. OVER 100,000 WERE DEPOSITED TO CONCENTRATION CAMPS. ANNE FRANK AND FAMILYWERE HARBORED BY DUTCH FAMILY FOR 2 YEARS BEFORE BEING BETROYED BY DUTCH COLLABORATORS.
THEY MAINLY SPEAK DUTCH WHILE THEY ALSO SPEAK DIALECTS OF LOW SAXON. NETHERLANDS HAS BEEN WHERE FOLKS HAVE MOVED WHO WERE FLEEING FROM DISCRIMINATION. THEY ALSO DREW REFUGEES FROM DISCRIMINATION IN THE 1900'S. THE PEOPLE HERE LIKE TO ENJOY CULTURAL DIVERSITY. THEY HAVE BUILT DIKES AND DUNES TO PROTECT THEIR LAND FROM STORMS. THEY HAVE 12 PROVINCES AND IT IS THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRY IN EUROPE. THEY ALSO SPEAK CREOLE IN SOME PARTS. THEY HAVE PRIDE IN CONQUERING THEIR MYSTERY OVER THE SEA. THEY ALSO TAKE GREAT PRIDE IN SOCCER INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS. PEOPLE RAISED ORANGE FLAGS TO BE PATRIOTIC AND HAVE A GOOD FEELING OF THEIR ATHLETES.
THEY HAVE A BIG FESTIVAL ON QUEENS DAY TO CELEBRATE HOPE AND UNITY DURING THE WAR. IN 1940 - 1945 THE DUTCH PEOPLE WERE OCCUPIED BY NAZI GERMANY. THEY STARTED $25,000 FOLKS INCLUDING JEWS. OVER 100,000 JEWS WERE TO CONCENTRATION CAMPS. ANNE FRANK AND FAMILY WERE HARBORED BY 2 YEARS BY DUTCH FOLKS BEFORE BEING BETRAYED BY DUTCH COLLABORATORS.
THE DUTCH STRUGGLED FROM 16TH TO 18TH CENTURIES FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN DURING THE 80 YEAR WAR. NETHERLANDS WAS UNIFIED WITH BELGIUM AFTER 1648. THEIR POLITICS BECAME MORE DEPENDANT ON CONSENSUS AND NEGOTIATION THANON AUTHORITARIAN RULE AS POWER RESTED IN THE HANDS OF VICEROYS. THEY CREATED TRADE RELATIONS THAT CREATED NAVAL DOMINANCE AND WEALTH FOR MERCHANT CLASS. A SMALL POPULATION RESULTED AND EVEN SO THE WEALTHY MERCHANT CLASS RESULTED IN THE SO CALLED GOLDEN AGE WITH GREAT ART WORKS.
BY 1750 THE NETHERLANDS WAS ONE OF THE POOREST NATION. ONLY AFTER 1851 THEY BEGAN THEIR INDUSTRIAL AGE. IN 1878 DUTCH POPULATION PARTICIPATED IN SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING LABOR UNIONS, SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, POLITICAL PARTIES, SOCIAL CLUBS, CHURCHES, NEWSPAPERS AND RADIO STATIONS. THEY HAD NO NATIONAL IDENTITY, YET RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY ARE CONSIDERED THE ESSENCE OF DUTCH CULTURE. THE 1990'S WERE MARKED BY THE IMMIGRATION OF THE GROUPS FROM WEST AFRICA, SOMALIA, SRI LANKA, AFGHANISTAN AND BALKINS. THEIR MAIN CITIES ARE CONSTATNTLY SUBJECTED TO URBAN RENEWAL POJECTS WITH PARKS AND PLAYGROUNDS.
THEIR SPATIAL ORGANIZATION IS ALL CAREFULLY DIVIDED WITH CANALS AND DIKES. THEIR CITIES ARE UNIFORMALLYDESIGNED, ESPECIALLY IN SUBURBAN HHOUSING.
THE NETHERLANDS HAS NO STRONG DISTINCT AND CULINARY BECAUSE OF ITS PROTESTANT ETHNIC AND LACK OF CULTURAL TRADITION. THEY EAT SOUPS, A THICK STRAW, RAW HERRING, AND CHEESES ARE EXPORTED. THE DUTCH EAT A TWO COURSE MEAL FOR DINNER. THEY EAT POTATOES AND MEAT AND SOUP. NEIGHBORS INVITE EACH OTHER OVER FOR COFFEE. THEY LOVE DRINKING COFFEE AT WORK OR AS A SOCIAL ENTITY.
THEIR ECONOMY PERFORMS SMOOTHLY, AND IT HINGES ON GOVERNMENT AND EMPLOYEE ASSOCIATIONS. BY 2000 THERE WERE 7 MILLION PEOPLE HERE. THERE AVERAGE INCOME IS $23000. THEY ARE MOSTLY ORIENTED TO AGRICULTURE, TRADE AND SERVICE. ONLY 2% ARE IN AGRICULTURE. GERMANY IS THEIR MAIN TRADING PARTNER. SOME OF THE OTHER PARTNERS ARE BELGIUM, FRANCE AND U.S.
MOST OF THE NETHERLANDS IS MIDDLE CLASS. FIVE TO 10 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION LIVES AT SUBSISTENCE LEVEL. LOWER INCOME HOUSE HOUSES AVERAGE ABOUT $10,000 AFTER TAXES. WOMEN ARE 38% OF LABOR FORCE AND WORK PART TIME. THEIR LOW RATE IS THE CARE OF CHILDREN. MEN STILE MAKE MORE THAN WOMEN - OVER HALF. WOMEN WORK MOSTLY IN NURSING AND CLEANING JOBS.
THESE FOLKS ARE FREE TO CHOOSE THEIR SPOUSES. MANY FOLKS MARRY FROM THE SAME KIN GROUP. THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY MAY CONSIST OF TWO SEPARATE EVENTS AND A CITY REGISTRATION AND A RELIGIOUS CEREMONY. THE LATER IS OPTIONAL. 1/2 OF THEIR POPULATION IS MARRIED. 80,000 FILE FOR MARRIAGE EACH YEAR. A NUCLEAR FAMILY IS THE MOST COMMON HOUSEHOLD, ALTHOUGH IT IS LOSING GROUND TO SINGLES PARENT FAMILIES.THEY HAVE A TREND TOWARD MORE EQUALITY OF THEIR PARTNERS. EXTENDED FAMILY HOUSEHOLD ARE RARE.
THE CHILDREN ARE CARED FOR PRIMILY BY THEIR PARENTS IN THE HOME. JUST LIKE USMANY PARENTS BOTH WORK AND THE TODDLERS ARE IN A NURSERY WHEN AT WORK. BY 4 YEARSOLD THEY GO TO PRIMARY SCHOOL. TEENAGERS HAVE A WIDE ARRAY OF SUBCULTURES THEY EXPLORE. ABOUT 70% OF HIGH SCHOOL KIDS GO ON TO COLLAGE.
THESE FOLKS HAVE A STRONG AGENDA TO ORDER TIME ON CALENDARS. THE CHILDREN ARE GIVEN AN AGENDA IN PRIMARY SCHOOLFOR A FULL LIFE. THEY ARE VERY PUNCTUAL. THEY HAVE TIMES TO WORK, CLEAN THE HOUSE, AND VISIT FRIENDS. THEIR WAY OF ADDRESSING A PERSON WITH
'YOU" SHOWS EQUALITY.THEY ARE MOSTLY CATHOLIC FOLLOWED BY PROTESTANTS AND DUTCH REFORMED.
FORTY PERCENT ARE NOT RELIGIOUS. AFTER 1960'S RELIGION PLAYED A DECREASING ROLE IN ORDERING PEOPLE'S LIVES. AMONG THE 60'S THOSE WHO SAY THEY ARE RELIGIOUS PROFESS TO NOT ACTUALLY GET INVOLVED IN RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES. THE ROMAN CATHOLICS IN THE SOUTH HAVE RICH PROFESSIONS DATING BACK TO THE MIDDLE AGES SUCH AS BLOOD PROCESSIONS PROFESS TO NOT ACTIVELY GET INVOLVED IN RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES.
EVERYONE HAS ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE AND THE UNEMPLOYED ARE EVEN PROTECTEDBY PUBLIC HEALTHINSURANCE. THE GOVERNMENT IS NEEDING TO TAKE CARE OFTHE AGED SINCE CHURCH COMMUNITY AND FAMILY ARE NO LONGER ABLE TO TAKE PERFORM THE TASK. WOMEN GENERALLY RAISE CHILDREN AND MEN ARE THE MAIN INCOME MAKERS.
THEY HAVE MANYMUSICAL FESTIVALS THAT ATTRACT MANLY THER MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASSES.
MUCH SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IS AT UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH LABS. THEY HAVE 13 UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH LABS. THEY HAVE AN AGENCY FOR FUNDING SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL SCIENCES. IN CORPORATE LABS THEY SPEND $3.8 BILLION DOLLARS FOR RESEARCH.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
THEY MAINLY SPEAK DUTCH WHILE THEY ALSO SPEAK DIALECTS. LOW SAXON. NETHERLANDS HAS BEEN WHERE FOLKS HAVE BEEN WHERE FOLKS HAVE MOVED WHO WERE FLEEING FROM DISCRIMINATION; THEY ALSO DREW REFUGEES FROM WAR COUNTRIES IN THE 1900'S. THE PEOPLE HERE LIKE TO ENJOY CULTURAL DIVERSITY. THEY HAVE BUILT DIKES AND DUNES TO PROTECT THEIR LAND FROM STORMSTHEY HAVE 12 PROVINCES AND IT IS THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRY IN EUROPE. THEY ALSO SPEAK CREOLE IN SOME PARTS. THEY HAVE PRIDEN SINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS. PEOPLE RAISE ORANGE FLAGS TO BE PATRIOTIC AND HAVE A GOOD FEELING OF THEIR ATHLETES. THEY HAVE A BIG FESTIVAL ON QUEENS DAY TO CELEBRATE HOPE AND UNITY DURING WAR THE QUEEN BRINGS THEM HOPE AND UNITY DURING WAR. THE QUEEN BRINGS THEM HOPE AND UNITY DURING THE WAR IN 1940 - 1945.
IN 1940 TO 1945 THE DUTCH PEOPLE WERE OCCUPIED BY NAZI GERMANY. THEY SHELTERED 25,000 FOLKS INCLUDING JEWS. OVER 100,000 WERE DEPOSITED TO CONCENTRATION CAMPS. ANNE FRANK AND FAMILYWERE HARBORED BY DUTCH FAMILY FOR 2 YEARS BEFORE BEING BETROYED BY DUTCH COLLABORATORS.
THEY MAINLY SPEAK DUTCH WHILE THEY ALSO SPEAK DIALECTS OF LOW SAXON. NETHERLANDS HAS BEEN WHERE FOLKS HAVE MOVED WHO WERE FLEEING FROM DISCRIMINATION. THEY ALSO DREW REFUGEES FROM DISCRIMINATION IN THE 1900'S. THE PEOPLE HERE LIKE TO ENJOY CULTURAL DIVERSITY. THEY HAVE BUILT DIKES AND DUNES TO PROTECT THEIR LAND FROM STORMS. THEY HAVE 12 PROVINCES AND IT IS THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRY IN EUROPE. THEY ALSO SPEAK CREOLE IN SOME PARTS. THEY HAVE PRIDE IN CONQUERING THEIR MYSTERY OVER THE SEA. THEY ALSO TAKE GREAT PRIDE IN SOCCER INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS. PEOPLE RAISED ORANGE FLAGS TO BE PATRIOTIC AND HAVE A GOOD FEELING OF THEIR ATHLETES.
THEY HAVE A BIG FESTIVAL ON QUEENS DAY TO CELEBRATE HOPE AND UNITY DURING THE WAR. IN 1940 - 1945 THE DUTCH PEOPLE WERE OCCUPIED BY NAZI GERMANY. THEY STARTED $25,000 FOLKS INCLUDING JEWS. OVER 100,000 JEWS WERE TO CONCENTRATION CAMPS. ANNE FRANK AND FAMILY WERE HARBORED BY 2 YEARS BY DUTCH FOLKS BEFORE BEING BETRAYED BY DUTCH COLLABORATORS.
THE DUTCH STRUGGLED FROM 16TH TO 18TH CENTURIES FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN DURING THE 80 YEAR WAR. NETHERLANDS WAS UNIFIED WITH BELGIUM AFTER 1648. THEIR POLITICS BECAME MORE DEPENDANT ON CONSENSUS AND NEGOTIATION THANON AUTHORITARIAN RULE AS POWER RESTED IN THE HANDS OF VICEROYS. THEY CREATED TRADE RELATIONS THAT CREATED NAVAL DOMINANCE AND WEALTH FOR MERCHANT CLASS. A SMALL POPULATION RESULTED AND EVEN SO THE WEALTHY MERCHANT CLASS RESULTED IN THE SO CALLED GOLDEN AGE WITH GREAT ART WORKS.
BY 1750 THE NETHERLANDS WAS ONE OF THE POOREST NATION. ONLY AFTER 1851 THEY BEGAN THEIR INDUSTRIAL AGE. IN 1878 DUTCH POPULATION PARTICIPATED IN SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING LABOR UNIONS, SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, POLITICAL PARTIES, SOCIAL CLUBS, CHURCHES, NEWSPAPERS AND RADIO STATIONS. THEY HAD NO NATIONAL IDENTITY, YET RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY ARE CONSIDERED THE ESSENCE OF DUTCH CULTURE. THE 1990'S WERE MARKED BY THE IMMIGRATION OF THE GROUPS FROM WEST AFRICA, SOMALIA, SRI LANKA, AFGHANISTAN AND BALKINS. THEIR MAIN CITIES ARE CONSTATNTLY SUBJECTED TO URBAN RENEWAL POJECTS WITH PARKS AND PLAYGROUNDS.
THEIR SPATIAL ORGANIZATION IS ALL CAREFULLY DIVIDED WITH CANALS AND DIKES. THEIR CITIES ARE UNIFORMALLYDESIGNED, ESPECIALLY IN SUBURBAN HHOUSING.
THE NETHERLANDS HAS NO STRONG DISTINCT AND CULINARY BECAUSE OF ITS PROTESTANT ETHNIC AND LACK OF CULTURAL TRADITION. THEY EAT SOUPS, A THICK STRAW, RAW HERRING, AND CHEESES ARE EXPORTED. THE DUTCH EAT A TWO COURSE MEAL FOR DINNER. THEY EAT POTATOES AND MEAT AND SOUP. NEIGHBORS INVITE EACH OTHER OVER FOR COFFEE. THEY LOVE DRINKING COFFEE AT WORK OR AS A SOCIAL ENTITY.
THEIR ECONOMY PERFORMS SMOOTHLY, AND IT HINGES ON GOVERNMENT AND EMPLOYEE ASSOCIATIONS. BY 2000 THERE WERE 7 MILLION PEOPLE HERE. THERE AVERAGE INCOME IS $23000. THEY ARE MOSTLY ORIENTED TO AGRICULTURE, TRADE AND SERVICE. ONLY 2% ARE IN AGRICULTURE. GERMANY IS THEIR MAIN TRADING PARTNER. SOME OF THE OTHER PARTNERS ARE BELGIUM, FRANCE AND U.S.
MOST OF THE NETHERLANDS IS MIDDLE CLASS. FIVE TO 10 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION LIVES AT SUBSISTENCE LEVEL. LOWER INCOME HOUSE HOUSES AVERAGE ABOUT $10,000 AFTER TAXES. WOMEN ARE 38% OF LABOR FORCE AND WORK PART TIME. THEIR LOW RATE IS THE CARE OF CHILDREN. MEN STILE MAKE MORE THAN WOMEN - OVER HALF. WOMEN WORK MOSTLY IN NURSING AND CLEANING JOBS.
THESE FOLKS ARE FREE TO CHOOSE THEIR SPOUSES. MANY FOLKS MARRY FROM THE SAME KIN GROUP. THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY MAY CONSIST OF TWO SEPARATE EVENTS AND A CITY REGISTRATION AND A RELIGIOUS CEREMONY. THE LATER IS OPTIONAL. 1/2 OF THEIR POPULATION IS MARRIED. 80,000 FILE FOR MARRIAGE EACH YEAR. A NUCLEAR FAMILY IS THE MOST COMMON HOUSEHOLD, ALTHOUGH IT IS LOSING GROUND TO SINGLES PARENT FAMILIES.THEY HAVE A TREND TOWARD MORE EQUALITY OF THEIR PARTNERS. EXTENDED FAMILY HOUSEHOLD ARE RARE.
THE CHILDREN ARE CARED FOR PRIMILY BY THEIR PARENTS IN THE HOME. JUST LIKE USMANY PARENTS BOTH WORK AND THE TODDLERS ARE IN A NURSERY WHEN AT WORK. BY 4 YEARSOLD THEY GO TO PRIMARY SCHOOL. TEENAGERS HAVE A WIDE ARRAY OF SUBCULTURES THEY EXPLORE. ABOUT 70% OF HIGH SCHOOL KIDS GO ON TO COLLAGE.
THESE FOLKS HAVE A STRONG AGENDA TO ORDER TIME ON CALENDARS. THE CHILDREN ARE GIVEN AN AGENDA IN PRIMARY SCHOOLFOR A FULL LIFE. THEY ARE VERY PUNCTUAL. THEY HAVE TIMES TO WORK, CLEAN THE HOUSE, AND VISIT FRIENDS. THEIR WAY OF ADDRESSING A PERSON WITH
'YOU" SHOWS EQUALITY.THEY ARE MOSTLY CATHOLIC FOLLOWED BY PROTESTANTS AND DUTCH REFORMED.
FORTY PERCENT ARE NOT RELIGIOUS. AFTER 1960'S RELIGION PLAYED A DECREASING ROLE IN ORDERING PEOPLE'S LIVES. AMONG THE 60'S THOSE WHO SAY THEY ARE RELIGIOUS PROFESS TO NOT ACTUALLY GET INVOLVED IN RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES. THE ROMAN CATHOLICS IN THE SOUTH HAVE RICH PROFESSIONS DATING BACK TO THE MIDDLE AGES SUCH AS BLOOD PROCESSIONS PROFESS TO NOT ACTIVELY GET INVOLVED IN RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES.
EVERYONE HAS ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE AND THE UNEMPLOYED ARE EVEN PROTECTEDBY PUBLIC HEALTHINSURANCE. THE GOVERNMENT IS NEEDING TO TAKE CARE OFTHE AGED SINCE CHURCH COMMUNITY AND FAMILY ARE NO LONGER ABLE TO TAKE PERFORM THE TASK. WOMEN GENERALLY RAISE CHILDREN AND MEN ARE THE MAIN INCOME MAKERS.
THEY HAVE MANYMUSICAL FESTIVALS THAT ATTRACT MANLY THER MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASSES.
MUCH SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IS AT UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH LABS. THEY HAVE 13 UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH LABS. THEY HAVE AN AGENCY FOR FUNDING SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL SCIENCES. IN CORPORATE LABS THEY SPEND $3.8 BILLION DOLLARS FOR RESEARCH.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
Monday, April 22, 2013
APPLE BLOSSOM FAIR
YESTERDAY I TRAVELED TO IVES PARK TO THE SEBASTOPOL FAIR TO SEE WHAT WAS HAPPENING. IT WAS A VERY HOT DAY. I NOTICED FIESTA MARKET WAS NOT THERE, HOWEVER THEIR WERE MANY CHINESE PEOPLE SELLING KNIT KNACKS. I ASKED IF THEY HAD BEEN TO CHINAND THEY SAID THEY BRING STUDENTS THERE TO LEARN CANTONESE AND CHINESE FOR 5 YEARS. THEY HAVE AN IN DEPTH LESSON OF HOW HARD THE CHINESE WORK. HE SAID WE TAKE IT EASY TOO MUCH IN THE U.S! THAT WAS A GENERALITY. THEY MUST BE WORKAHOLICS. THERE WERE MANY CRAFTERS SELLING EVERYTHING FROM TIE DYE TO APPLE PIES! IT WAS QUITE A LOT OF VENDORS. ONE PHOTOGRAPHER WAS A GREAT ONE WITH PHOTOS OF YOSEMITE WITH SUNSET SHING ON THE WATERFALLS. IT WAS A REALLY NEAT PHOTO. ANOTHER PHOTO HAD BEARS CATCHING FISH IN YOSEMITE!
THE VETERANS MEMORIAL HAD WORKS OF ART FROM SEBASTOPOL CENTR FOR THE ARTS. THEY HAD ALL KINDS OF ART WORK INCLUDING A WORK WITH SHEEP BONES MADE INTO FLOWERS. THEY EVEN HAD A POTTERS ROOM FILLED WITH IN THE BACK. THEY HAD JEWELRY ARTISTS, PAINTERS, GREAT PHOTOGRAPHS, COLLAGES, DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS ARTISTS AND ACRYLIC AND OIL PAINTERS.
THEY HAD MANY FOLKS EATING AND DRINKIBG AND SOME WERE DANCING TO MANY BANDS. THE BANDS INCLUDED A RYTHYM AND BLUES BAND, THE RED HOT MAMAS. THE FARALLONS AND VARIOUS JAZZ PLAYERS INCLUDED SUSAN CONSTOCK SWINGTET.
THE FAIR HAD KIDS AREA WITH RIDES AND SLIDES AND A PETTING ZOO. MY SON AND I HAD SPENT MANY YEARS PLAYING AT IVES PARK WHEN HE WAS YOUNG.
THE VETERANS MEMORIAL HAD WORKS OF ART FROM SEBASTOPOL CENTR FOR THE ARTS. THEY HAD ALL KINDS OF ART WORK INCLUDING A WORK WITH SHEEP BONES MADE INTO FLOWERS. THEY EVEN HAD A POTTERS ROOM FILLED WITH IN THE BACK. THEY HAD JEWELRY ARTISTS, PAINTERS, GREAT PHOTOGRAPHS, COLLAGES, DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS ARTISTS AND ACRYLIC AND OIL PAINTERS.
THEY HAD MANY FOLKS EATING AND DRINKIBG AND SOME WERE DANCING TO MANY BANDS. THE BANDS INCLUDED A RYTHYM AND BLUES BAND, THE RED HOT MAMAS. THE FARALLONS AND VARIOUS JAZZ PLAYERS INCLUDED SUSAN CONSTOCK SWINGTET.
THE FAIR HAD KIDS AREA WITH RIDES AND SLIDES AND A PETTING ZOO. MY SON AND I HAD SPENT MANY YEARS PLAYING AT IVES PARK WHEN HE WAS YOUNG.
Friday, April 19, 2013
ART DISTRICT SHOW IN SANTA ROSA
LAST NIGHT I VISITED SOME ART GALLERIES IN THE JULLIARD PARK AREA. THESE FOLKS HAVE SELECTED INTO A SMALL AREA AND THEY HAD SOME ENTERTAINING ARTISTS WHO EXPLAINED HOW THEY MADE THEIR WORKS. ONE GAL ACTED AS AN INFORMAL SPOKESPERSON. THEY HAD A FEW FOLKS WHO WERE PAINTING AND SOME YOUNG COLLEGE FOLKS WHO HAD NOT BEEB THERE BEFORE. ONE ARTIST PAINTED PORTRAITS WITH NEAT BACKGROUNDS THAT HAD BLENDED COLORS OF THE OUTDOORS.. SOME OF THESE FOLKS KNEW THEY WERE PART NATIVE AMERICAN.
I TOLD SOME OF THEM THAT I WAS AN ARTIST AND AN OUTDOOR PROFESSOR. I ALSO MENTIONED THAT I MADE ROCK ART REPLICAS AD I HAD COACHED SOME ARTISTS AS A LIFE COACH.
I MET SEVERAL ARTISTS WHO HAD SEEN ME BEFORE AND WE TALKED ABOUT THEIR WORK. I HAD BEEN TO THE ART SHOW BEFORE WHEN IT WAS A CRAZY BIG EVENT SEVERAL YEARS AGO. THEY HAD A PARADE AND AN OLD FASHIONED BICYCLE RAMP FOR VISUAL ENTERTAINMENT.
I TOLD SOME OF THEM THAT I WAS AN ARTIST AND AN OUTDOOR PROFESSOR. I ALSO MENTIONED THAT I MADE ROCK ART REPLICAS AD I HAD COACHED SOME ARTISTS AS A LIFE COACH.
I MET SEVERAL ARTISTS WHO HAD SEEN ME BEFORE AND WE TALKED ABOUT THEIR WORK. I HAD BEEN TO THE ART SHOW BEFORE WHEN IT WAS A CRAZY BIG EVENT SEVERAL YEARS AGO. THEY HAD A PARADE AND AN OLD FASHIONED BICYCLE RAMP FOR VISUAL ENTERTAINMENT.
Thursday, April 18, 2013
PORTUGAL CULTURE
PORTUGAL WAS FROM ROMAN OR SETTLEMENT NEAR DUORO RIVER. THE ROMANS REFERRED TO THE AREA AS LUISO. DURING RECONQUEST 714 -1100 C.E. CHRISTIAN FORCES DOMINATED THE AREA BY BETWEEN PORTUGAL AND THE RIVER. THIS COUNTRY IS A HOMOGENOUS NATION WITH A SINGLE NATIONAL IDENTITY. THE COUNTRY'S LOW LYING AREA HAS CORK TREES AND WHEAT FIELDS THAT WAS AN IMPORTANT CASH CROP. IT ALSO HAS ALMONDS, FIGS, AND CITRUS TREES. THEIR IS FISHING AND TOURISM HERE.
PORTUGUESE FOLKS SPREAD TO ASIA, S. AMERICA,. AFRICA, AUSTRALIA AND EUROPE. THEIR POPULATION IN 2000 WAS 9.9 MILLION. MANY EMIGRATED TO EUROPE PORTUGUESE. PORTUGUESE IS A ROMANCE LANGUAGE WITH SOME WORDS OF ARABIC. FRENCH USED TO BE USED BY ARISTOCRACY
SPANIARDS RULED PORTUGAL FROM 1580 - 1640. THEY HAVE A POPULAR SONG THAT GENERALLY EXPRESSES SADNESS, LONGING, AND REGRET. PORTUGAL WAS SETTLED SINCE PALEOLITHIC TIMES IN 3RD MILLENIUM. CELTIC PEOPLE MOVED IN AND ROMAN ARMIES INVADED THE COUNTRY ABOUT 212 B.C. AND ESTABLISHED TOWNS. GERMAN TRIBES CAME IN THE 5TH AND 6TH CENTURIES. BY 1140 PORTUGAL WAS IN THE WAS AN INDEPENDENT KINGDOM. BY THE 15TH CENTURY THE PORTUGUESE CALLED THEIR ENTERPRISE A SEABORN EMPIRE AT THE AGE OF DISCOVERY. THE LOSS OF BRAZIL IN 1822 AND A SERIES OF POLITIC CRISIS LED TO A DECLINE IN THE WORLD POSITION OF THE NATION IN THE 19TH CENTURY. UP UNTIL 1994 LISBON SERVED AS THE EUROPEAN CAPITAL. IN 1999 IT TURNED OVER IT'S ADMINISTRATION TO CHINA! BY 1143 IT WAS INDEPENDANT FROM SPAIN WITH ABOUT 100,000 FOLKS.
PORTUGAL HAS A GYPSY POPULATION LIVING APART IN THE SOUTH. ONLY 35% OF THE POPULATION IS URBAN. PORTUGUESE ARCHITECTURE HAS AZULJOS OR GLAZED CERAMIC TILES. THEY COVER THE FACADES OF CHURCHES AND PRIVATE HOMES. SOME PATTERNS ARE GEOMETRIC SOME PATTERNS ARE GEOMETRIC AND OTHERS ARE HISTORIC OR RELIGIOUS SCENES IN CHURCHES OR HOMES. ANOTHER ARCHITECT STYLE HERE IS CALLED MANUELINE - IT HAS ORNAMENTS WITH ROPES, SHELLS, AQUATIC IMAGERY REFLECT ING THE NATION'S PAST. IN RURAL HOMES ALL HAD VERANDAS. THEY HAVE A HEARTH IN THE KITCHEN THAT IS THE CENTER OF FAMILY SPACE. THEY ARE BUILT TO KEEP OUT SUMMER HEAT.
THE AREA'S CUISINE VARIES BY REGION. IN THE NORTH KALE/POTATOE SOUP IS FLAVORED WITH SPICY SAUSAGE.. THEY LIKE GRILLED FISH. THEY MAKE A TRADITIONAL WINE. IN THE NORTHEAST THEY MAKE A STEW OF MEAT AND CALL IT COZIDA, IN PORTUGUESE. IN CENTRAL PORTIGAL CHEESE IS COMMON WITH FISH. GAZPACHO WITH BREAD AND PORK IS EATEN. THEY EXPORT WINE.
IN LATE DECEMBER OR JANUARY THEY HAVE A CEREMONY FOR PRESERVING A PIG. THEY MAKE SAUSAGE, HAM, AND SALT OTHER PARTS OF THE PIG.
IN 2000 60% OF THE POPULATION WORKS IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES, 12% IN AGRICULTURE, 36% IN INDUSTRY. TOURISM ISIMPORTANT PART OF SERVICES. COMPEITION IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPE HAS CHANGED THEIR SUBSISTENCE. THEY MUST IMPORT OIL AND GAS! THERE ARE MANY WOMEN LANDLESS LABORERS. THEY FORM COMMUNAL OWNERSHIP AND COMMUNUAL OWNERSHIP AND FARMING. THIS ISLAND HAS FEW WELFARE BENEFITS.
AT ONE TIME WOMEN WERE RESTRICTED TO HOUSEHOLD CHORES VS. RECEIVING ADVANCED EDUCATION TODAY. SINCE THE 1960'S WOMEN HAVE OUTPACED MEN IN HIGHER DEGREES.SOME WOMEN HHOLD IMPORTANTANT RELIGIOUS POSITIONS. BUT MOSTLY ARE HELD BY MEN.
MARRIAGE ROLES HAVE VARIED BY IME AND SPACE. SOME FOLKS PREFER EVEN AFTER HAVING CHILDREN. SOME PEOPLE MARRY LATE VS. EARLY. MANY HOUSES HAVE THREE GENERATIONS IN THEM. HOUSEHO;DS ARE GENERALLY RULED BY A MAN. KIN ARE SELECTED AS GODPARENTS EARLY IN LIFE. MOST FOLKS ARE CATHOLIC.
LOCAL VILLAGE LIFE HONORS THE SAINTS SUCH AS THE VIRGIN MARY. THEY ALSO CELEBRATE AN ANNUAL FIESTA! THEY HAVE A PROCESSION. THEIR FAMPOUS SHRINE IS FATINA WHERETHE VIRGIN OF ROSARY APPEARRED TO THREE SMALL CHILDREN IN 1917. THEY HVE IMPORTANT PILGRAMAGE SITES AS WELL. ALL SAINTS DAYS IS LIKE OUR MEMORIAL DAY TO THOSE WHO HAVE PASSED ON. FOLK MEDICINE IS USED IN PARTS. THEY PERFORM DANCES THAT HAVE HISTORICAL ORIGIN. THEY LIKE BULL FIGHTING..
EVERYCULTURE.COM
PORTUGUESE FOLKS SPREAD TO ASIA, S. AMERICA,. AFRICA, AUSTRALIA AND EUROPE. THEIR POPULATION IN 2000 WAS 9.9 MILLION. MANY EMIGRATED TO EUROPE PORTUGUESE. PORTUGUESE IS A ROMANCE LANGUAGE WITH SOME WORDS OF ARABIC. FRENCH USED TO BE USED BY ARISTOCRACY
SPANIARDS RULED PORTUGAL FROM 1580 - 1640. THEY HAVE A POPULAR SONG THAT GENERALLY EXPRESSES SADNESS, LONGING, AND REGRET. PORTUGAL WAS SETTLED SINCE PALEOLITHIC TIMES IN 3RD MILLENIUM. CELTIC PEOPLE MOVED IN AND ROMAN ARMIES INVADED THE COUNTRY ABOUT 212 B.C. AND ESTABLISHED TOWNS. GERMAN TRIBES CAME IN THE 5TH AND 6TH CENTURIES. BY 1140 PORTUGAL WAS IN THE WAS AN INDEPENDENT KINGDOM. BY THE 15TH CENTURY THE PORTUGUESE CALLED THEIR ENTERPRISE A SEABORN EMPIRE AT THE AGE OF DISCOVERY. THE LOSS OF BRAZIL IN 1822 AND A SERIES OF POLITIC CRISIS LED TO A DECLINE IN THE WORLD POSITION OF THE NATION IN THE 19TH CENTURY. UP UNTIL 1994 LISBON SERVED AS THE EUROPEAN CAPITAL. IN 1999 IT TURNED OVER IT'S ADMINISTRATION TO CHINA! BY 1143 IT WAS INDEPENDANT FROM SPAIN WITH ABOUT 100,000 FOLKS.
PORTUGAL HAS A GYPSY POPULATION LIVING APART IN THE SOUTH. ONLY 35% OF THE POPULATION IS URBAN. PORTUGUESE ARCHITECTURE HAS AZULJOS OR GLAZED CERAMIC TILES. THEY COVER THE FACADES OF CHURCHES AND PRIVATE HOMES. SOME PATTERNS ARE GEOMETRIC SOME PATTERNS ARE GEOMETRIC AND OTHERS ARE HISTORIC OR RELIGIOUS SCENES IN CHURCHES OR HOMES. ANOTHER ARCHITECT STYLE HERE IS CALLED MANUELINE - IT HAS ORNAMENTS WITH ROPES, SHELLS, AQUATIC IMAGERY REFLECT ING THE NATION'S PAST. IN RURAL HOMES ALL HAD VERANDAS. THEY HAVE A HEARTH IN THE KITCHEN THAT IS THE CENTER OF FAMILY SPACE. THEY ARE BUILT TO KEEP OUT SUMMER HEAT.
THE AREA'S CUISINE VARIES BY REGION. IN THE NORTH KALE/POTATOE SOUP IS FLAVORED WITH SPICY SAUSAGE.. THEY LIKE GRILLED FISH. THEY MAKE A TRADITIONAL WINE. IN THE NORTHEAST THEY MAKE A STEW OF MEAT AND CALL IT COZIDA, IN PORTUGUESE. IN CENTRAL PORTIGAL CHEESE IS COMMON WITH FISH. GAZPACHO WITH BREAD AND PORK IS EATEN. THEY EXPORT WINE.
IN LATE DECEMBER OR JANUARY THEY HAVE A CEREMONY FOR PRESERVING A PIG. THEY MAKE SAUSAGE, HAM, AND SALT OTHER PARTS OF THE PIG.
IN 2000 60% OF THE POPULATION WORKS IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES, 12% IN AGRICULTURE, 36% IN INDUSTRY. TOURISM ISIMPORTANT PART OF SERVICES. COMPEITION IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPE HAS CHANGED THEIR SUBSISTENCE. THEY MUST IMPORT OIL AND GAS! THERE ARE MANY WOMEN LANDLESS LABORERS. THEY FORM COMMUNAL OWNERSHIP AND COMMUNUAL OWNERSHIP AND FARMING. THIS ISLAND HAS FEW WELFARE BENEFITS.
AT ONE TIME WOMEN WERE RESTRICTED TO HOUSEHOLD CHORES VS. RECEIVING ADVANCED EDUCATION TODAY. SINCE THE 1960'S WOMEN HAVE OUTPACED MEN IN HIGHER DEGREES.SOME WOMEN HHOLD IMPORTANTANT RELIGIOUS POSITIONS. BUT MOSTLY ARE HELD BY MEN.
MARRIAGE ROLES HAVE VARIED BY IME AND SPACE. SOME FOLKS PREFER EVEN AFTER HAVING CHILDREN. SOME PEOPLE MARRY LATE VS. EARLY. MANY HOUSES HAVE THREE GENERATIONS IN THEM. HOUSEHO;DS ARE GENERALLY RULED BY A MAN. KIN ARE SELECTED AS GODPARENTS EARLY IN LIFE. MOST FOLKS ARE CATHOLIC.
LOCAL VILLAGE LIFE HONORS THE SAINTS SUCH AS THE VIRGIN MARY. THEY ALSO CELEBRATE AN ANNUAL FIESTA! THEY HAVE A PROCESSION. THEIR FAMPOUS SHRINE IS FATINA WHERETHE VIRGIN OF ROSARY APPEARRED TO THREE SMALL CHILDREN IN 1917. THEY HVE IMPORTANT PILGRAMAGE SITES AS WELL. ALL SAINTS DAYS IS LIKE OUR MEMORIAL DAY TO THOSE WHO HAVE PASSED ON. FOLK MEDICINE IS USED IN PARTS. THEY PERFORM DANCES THAT HAVE HISTORICAL ORIGIN. THEY LIKE BULL FIGHTING..
EVERYCULTURE.COM
Friday, April 12, 2013
HOW TO MAKE PINOLE
IN ORDER TO MAKE PINOLE THEY USED MANY GRASS SEEDS, SUNFLOWERS AND OTHER SEEDS. THEY COLLECTED BLACK GRAINS OR TARWEED SEEDS. THE COAST MIWOK MADE SWEET GOOD PINOLE FROM O'WAH OR YELLOW TARWEED. ANOTHER FAMILY WAS COLLECTED IN PREHISTORIC TIMES IN SOUTH AMERICA AS WELL. IT'S LIKELY THIS WEED ORIGINATED IN NORTH AMERICA. THE NUTRITIOUS SEED IS IMPORTANT FOR POMO PINOLE. PINOLE IS A NATIVE AMERICAN WORDFOR A KIND OF FLOUR MADE FROM VARIOUS SEEDS OF MAIZE , CHIA, AND VARIOUS OTHER GRASSES AND HERBS. THERE IS A THRIVING CITY ON SAN PABLO BAY KNOWN AS PINOLE. PINOLE WAS ALSO USED BY AZTECS FOR A GUEL. THEY MADE OF VARIOUS TOASTED SEEDS. THE SEEDS ARE PLACED IN LARGE BASKETS IN LARGE BASKETS BY SMALL HEATED STONES. THEY SHAKE THE BASKET THAT REMOVES THE SHAFT FROM THE SEED. MAKES THE SEED MORE FLAVORFUL. THE SEEDS COULD BE EATEN BY HAND OR GROUND WITH A METATE AND GRINDING SLICKS AND THE REMAINING FLOUR COULD BE MOISTENED AND EATEN WITH THE FINGERS OR FORMED INTO A BALL, OR BAKED IN BREAD. FOR THE POMO THERE WERE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF PINOLE SEEDS.
KAT ANDERSON - TENDING THE WILD
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
V. K. CHESTNUT - PLANTS OF MENDOCINO COUNTY
KAT ANDERSON - TENDING THE WILD
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
V. K. CHESTNUT - PLANTS OF MENDOCINO COUNTY
Thursday, April 11, 2013
KASHAYA POMO ETHNOBOTANICAL PROJECT
THESE POMO LADIES WERE TOLD TO PRAY TO THE CREATOR BEFORE COLLECTING ANY PLANTS.. IF THIS ISN'T DONE THE PLANTS WILL MAKE US CRAZY AND SICK. IF THE PLANTS ARE NOT ARE NOT PROTECTED THEY WILL NOT HAVE ANY PLANTS FOR CURING DISEASES, NOR THE VARIETY OF PLANTS AVAILABLE. AFTER A WOMAN IS THROUGH MENSTRUATING SHE UNDERGOES A CLEANSING RITUAL BEFORE GATHERING PLANTS. THESE RITUALS MUST BE UNDERTAKEN UNDERTAKEN IF PLANTS AND PEOPLE WILL SURVIVE IN THIS WORLD. CHILDREN MUST LEARN THAT POMO TRADITIONAL WAY OF LIFE IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE TO OUR PEOPLE AND MUST VALUE ELDER'S KNOWLEDGE. THESE WOMEN WERE PROUD TO COLLECT SPECIES AND LEARN THEIR RITUALS ASSOCIATED WITH PLANTS. APPARENTLY THE KASHAYA POMO HAVE ESTABLISHED A PEACEFUL RELATION WITH THE RUSSIANS AT FORT ROSS.
ESCHOLARSHIP.ORG
ESCHOLARSHIP.ORG
POMO RELIGIOUS BELIEF
THE POMO HAD A BELIEF IN A CREATOR WHO COULD BENEFIT OR SEND CURSES TO THEM. MOST EQUATED THE CREATOR WITH COYOTE, A TRICKSTER. THEY BELIEVED AT ONE TIME WHEN ANIMALS COULD SPEAK THEY CHANGED TO PRESENT FORM. SUPERNATURAL FORCES ABIDED IN EVERYTHING. ONE FORCE MIGHT CAUSE COMA OR DEATH. THE POMO DO THE KUKAU DANCES AND THE DANCERTS IMPERSONATE CERTAIN SPIRITS. THEY PREDICTED DEAD AND LOSS OF WHITE FOLKS IN 1870'S. THEY WERE ALSO TOLD THE WORLD WOULD BE DESTROYED UNLESS THEY GATHERED IN IN LODGES. MANY POMO CAME TO CLEAR LAKE TO WATCH THIS EVENT. IT NEVER HAPPENED AND THEY SUFFERED HARDSHIP AND SOME STARVATION! THEY WERE NOT PREPARED FOR LIFE TO GO ON. MOST POMO KNEW NOW BELONG TO TO SOME CHRISTIAN CHURCH, BUT MANY STILL FEAR CONSEQUENCES OF BREAKING OLD TABOOS.
SHAMANS MAY PREACH OR CONDUCT CEREMONIES AND PHOPHESIZE. THEY MAY FUNCTION IN A SPECIAL FUNCTION OR INHERITED THE POWERS THROUGH A DREAM INSPIRED BY APPRENTICESHIP.. MANY EARLY SHAMANS WERE MEN.
THE POMO HOLD CERTAIN CEREMONIES. THE KASHAYA STILL HOLD IN MAY THE BLESSING OF THE STRAWBERRIES-THE FIRST FRUITS- IN MAY; IN FALL THE ACORN FESTIVAL; IN SUMMER 4 NIGHTS OF SACRED DANCING ENDING WITH A FESTIVAL IN THE 4TH OF JULY AND ANOTHER DANCE IN WINTER. IF A FAMILY HAS A SICK MEMBER A DANCE MAY BE HELD.
EVERYCULTURE.ORG
SHAMANS MAY PREACH OR CONDUCT CEREMONIES AND PHOPHESIZE. THEY MAY FUNCTION IN A SPECIAL FUNCTION OR INHERITED THE POWERS THROUGH A DREAM INSPIRED BY APPRENTICESHIP.. MANY EARLY SHAMANS WERE MEN.
THE POMO HOLD CERTAIN CEREMONIES. THE KASHAYA STILL HOLD IN MAY THE BLESSING OF THE STRAWBERRIES-THE FIRST FRUITS- IN MAY; IN FALL THE ACORN FESTIVAL; IN SUMMER 4 NIGHTS OF SACRED DANCING ENDING WITH A FESTIVAL IN THE 4TH OF JULY AND ANOTHER DANCE IN WINTER. IF A FAMILY HAS A SICK MEMBER A DANCE MAY BE HELD.
EVERYCULTURE.ORG
ENGLAND CULTURE
ENGLAND TERM WAS DERIVED FROM THE OLD ENGLISH WORD FOR THREE GERMAN "PEOPLES". IN ROMAN TERMS THEY CALLED THE INHABITANTS LANGUAGE ENGLISH. ENGLAISH TOWNS AND LOCAL VILLAGES ARE CENTERED ON REGIONAL TRADITIONSARE CENTERED ON REGIONAL TRADITIONS AND RITUALS SUCH AS DANCING, FOLK MUSIC AND DRINKING ALE.
ENGLAND WAS A ROLE FOR A DISTINCTION. HISTORICALLY THE MOST PROMINENT GROUP HAS BEEN THE IRISH. THEY CAME AFTER THE POTATOE FAMINE IN 1847. SCOTS CAME IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES. THERE WERE MANY CULTURES WHO FILTERED THROUGH ENGLAND. THE COUNTRY HAS 50,000 SQUARE MILES.. THE LOWLAND HAS HAD THE MOST POPULATION AND THE HIGHLANDS IN 19TH CENTURY HAS HAD THE MOST POPULATION. THE HIGHLANDS IN THE 19TH CENTURY DEVELOPED COAL AND IRON DEPOSITS AND ALLOWED TO SURGE TO PROMINENCE.
CHRISTIANITY ARRIVED IN 597 AQND ALLOWED ENGLISH TO INTERACT WITH LATIN AS QWELL AS GREEK, HEBREW, AND CHINESE.THER EMERGENCE OF THE OTHER NATION TOOK PLACE BETWEEN 1200 AND 1850. THEY HQAD A 100 YEAR WAR WITH FRANCE IN 1330'S THE MONARCHS OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE CONFLICTED CAUSING A RECOGNIZBLE ENGLISH CULTURE.
TODAY ENGLAND HAS MANY NOTIONS FOR DEVELOPING PUBLIC GARDENS, GREEN BELTS, AND URBAN PARKS. THEY HAVE AN EMPHASIS ON ARRANGING CITIES AND TOWNS IN LIVEABLE UNITS. AGRIBUS HAS PLAYED A ROLE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE BY DESTROYING 95% OF THE NATION'S WETLANDS. THERE ARE MANY PRESERVATIONISTS WHO EXPAND TO THE PARKS AND PRESERVE A TRADITIONAL WAY OF COUNTRY LIFE. THE ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS ARE EXCLUDING FROM THE VISIONS AND PROPOSALS.
THERE TYPICAL FOOD PUTS MEAT AT THE HEART OF THE MAINOF THE MAIN MEAL AT NOON.EAVY SAUCES AND SOUPS AND PASTIES AND PIE ARE EATEN. THEY EAT POTATOES, TURNIPS AND CABBAGE AND SALADS. BREAKFAST RANGES FROM HOT FOODS TO EGGS AND TOAST TO STEAK. THE RURAL OOR HAQVE A DIET BASED ON CHEESE AND BREAD AND VEGISIF THEY HAVE A GARDEN. BEER IS DRUNK BY WORKING CLASS AND OTHER ALCOHOL IWAS DRUNK BY MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASS.
SINCE 1950'S ENGLISH HAVE EATEN LESS RED MEAT, MORE CHIKEN, FISH AND LESS FATS. FRESH FRUITS ARE IN FAVOR OF WHILE VEGIS ARE NOT, EXCEPT FOR SALAD.TODAY THEY EAT THEIR MAIN MEAL IN THE EVENING AND THEY MAY EAT FAST FOOD. THEY ARE SHIFTING AWAY FROM MEAT.
APART FROM CAKES ON A BIRTHDAY A FEW SPECIAL FOODS ARE EATEN AT MOST CELEBRATIONS THAT INVOLVE ALCOHOL EVEN AT CHURCHES.
THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO ARE SELF SUFFICIENT IS SMALL. THEIR MAJOR INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT PRODUCTS ARE TEXTILES, FOOD BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO, PAPER, WOOD, CHEMICALS, METALS AND OPTICAL EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY.
ENGLAND WAS A ROLE FOR A DISTINCTION. HISTORICALLY THE MOST PROMINENT GROUP HAS BEEN THE IRISH. THEY CAME AFTER THE POTATOE FAMINE IN 1847. SCOTS CAME IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES. THERE WERE MANY CULTURES WHO FILTERED THROUGH ENGLAND. THE COUNTRY HAS 50,000 SQUARE MILES.. THE LOWLAND HAS HAD THE MOST POPULATION AND THE HIGHLANDS IN 19TH CENTURY HAS HAD THE MOST POPULATION. THE HIGHLANDS IN THE 19TH CENTURY DEVELOPED COAL AND IRON DEPOSITS AND ALLOWED TO SURGE TO PROMINENCE.
CHRISTIANITY ARRIVED IN 597 AQND ALLOWED ENGLISH TO INTERACT WITH LATIN AS QWELL AS GREEK, HEBREW, AND CHINESE.THER EMERGENCE OF THE OTHER NATION TOOK PLACE BETWEEN 1200 AND 1850. THEY HQAD A 100 YEAR WAR WITH FRANCE IN 1330'S THE MONARCHS OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE CONFLICTED CAUSING A RECOGNIZBLE ENGLISH CULTURE.
TODAY ENGLAND HAS MANY NOTIONS FOR DEVELOPING PUBLIC GARDENS, GREEN BELTS, AND URBAN PARKS. THEY HAVE AN EMPHASIS ON ARRANGING CITIES AND TOWNS IN LIVEABLE UNITS. AGRIBUS HAS PLAYED A ROLE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE BY DESTROYING 95% OF THE NATION'S WETLANDS. THERE ARE MANY PRESERVATIONISTS WHO EXPAND TO THE PARKS AND PRESERVE A TRADITIONAL WAY OF COUNTRY LIFE. THE ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS ARE EXCLUDING FROM THE VISIONS AND PROPOSALS.
THERE TYPICAL FOOD PUTS MEAT AT THE HEART OF THE MAINOF THE MAIN MEAL AT NOON.EAVY SAUCES AND SOUPS AND PASTIES AND PIE ARE EATEN. THEY EAT POTATOES, TURNIPS AND CABBAGE AND SALADS. BREAKFAST RANGES FROM HOT FOODS TO EGGS AND TOAST TO STEAK. THE RURAL OOR HAQVE A DIET BASED ON CHEESE AND BREAD AND VEGISIF THEY HAVE A GARDEN. BEER IS DRUNK BY WORKING CLASS AND OTHER ALCOHOL IWAS DRUNK BY MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASS.
SINCE 1950'S ENGLISH HAVE EATEN LESS RED MEAT, MORE CHIKEN, FISH AND LESS FATS. FRESH FRUITS ARE IN FAVOR OF WHILE VEGIS ARE NOT, EXCEPT FOR SALAD.TODAY THEY EAT THEIR MAIN MEAL IN THE EVENING AND THEY MAY EAT FAST FOOD. THEY ARE SHIFTING AWAY FROM MEAT.
APART FROM CAKES ON A BIRTHDAY A FEW SPECIAL FOODS ARE EATEN AT MOST CELEBRATIONS THAT INVOLVE ALCOHOL EVEN AT CHURCHES.
THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO ARE SELF SUFFICIENT IS SMALL. THEIR MAJOR INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT PRODUCTS ARE TEXTILES, FOOD BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO, PAPER, WOOD, CHEMICALS, METALS AND OPTICAL EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY.
Wednesday, April 10, 2013
WALES CULTURE
EARLIEST EVIDENCE OF HUMAN PRESENCE IN WALES DATES BACK TO PALEOLITHIC TIMES APPROXIMATELY OF HUMAN 200,000 YEARS AGO. THE FIRST TRIBES HERE CAME FROM WESTERN COASTAL AREAS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN AND WERE CALLED IBERIANS. BY THE BRONZE AGE ABOUT 3000 YEARS B.C. A SEDENTARY CIVILIZATION DEVELOPED HERE.
WALES IS A COUNTRY THAT IS PART OF UNITED KINGDOM. IN 2011IT HAD A POPULATION OF 3 MILLION. IT IS MOSTLY MOUNTAINOUS AREAS. IT HAS MARITIME CLIMATE AND IS IN A TEMPERATE ZONE.
THE RODMAN WITHDREW FROM THE BRITAIN IN THE AND WALES IS NOW A DEVELOPED AND MODERN NATION. IN 1280 ENGLAND OWNED WALES , BUT THEY ARE AN INDEPENDENT COUNTRY NOW.
DURING THE INDUSTRIAL MINING AND METAL INDUSTRIES TRQANSFORMED WALES FROM AGRICULTURAL TO AN INDUSTRIAL COUNTRY. THEY ALSO DEVELOPED A COAL INDUSTRY AND INCREASED THEIR POPULATION. MUCH OF THEIR ECONOMY DEPENDS ON WALES. A SEGMENT OF THE POPULATION STILL SPEAKS WELSH.
"WALES IS DERIVED FROM GERMAN MEANING FROM "FOREIGNER", WHO HAD BEEN ROMANIZED. ARCHAEOLOGISTS HAVE FOUND SITES AT LEAST TO 29,000 YEARS. SOME SITES HAVE BEEN USED FROM 12,000 - 10,000 YEARS CONTINUOUSLY. MESOLITHIC HUNTERS AND GATHERS FROM EUROPE CAME HERE WHEN SEA LEVELS WERE LOWER. THE NORTH SEA WAS ACTUALLY A BAY THEN. DENMARK, GERMANY, AND NETHERLANDS WERE CONNECTED BY THE FORMER LAND MASS KNOWN AS DOGGERLAND. BY 10,250 B.P. WARMER CLIMATE ALLOWED THE AREA TO BE HEAVILY WOODED. THE NEOLITHIC COLONISTS CAME HERE TO MEET INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GRADUALLY CHANGING FROM NOMADS TO HUNTERS AND GATHERERS. BY 6000 B.P. THEY STARTED FARMING. THEY CUT DOWN TREES TO CULTIVATE LAND, DEVELOPED NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN TEXTILE WITH CERAMICS. THE PEOPLE IN WALES EXCHANGED IDEAS OF THE BRONZE AGE AND IRON AGE. CELTIC CULTURES IN WALES WERE PART OF A MARITIME TRADING NETWORK THAT INCLUDED ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, AND PORTUGUESE.
THE ROMAN CONQUEST WAS IN 48 A.D. AND TOOK 30 YEARS TO COMPLETE IN WALES. IN OTHER COUNTRIES THEY FOUGHT FOR 300 YEARS! WALES HAD A RICH MINERAL DEPOSIT . THERE WERE TWO NATIVE TRIBES WHO THE ROMANS DID NOT CONQUER.
THE ROMANS HAD ENGINEERS TAKE OUT GOLD, COPPER, LEAD, ZINC, AND SILVER. ROMAN INFLUENCE CAME THROUGH THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY. GAINING FOLLOWERS IN 313.
AFTER ROME LEFT WALES IN 1410 A.D. MUCH OF THE LOWLANDS OF WALES AND BRITAIN IN THE EAST AND SOUTHEAST WERE OVERRUN BY GERMANS.
WALES WAS REFFERED TO AS A LAND OF SONG. THEY USE FIDDLES, HARPS, HORNPIPES AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS. THEY HAVE MUSIC FESTIVALS. THE WALES PEOPLE HAVE A NATIONAL OPERA.THEIR YOUTH ORCHESTRA WAS THE FIRST IN THE WORLD. THE BEATLES ORIGINATED HERE! WELSH AND FOLK MUSIC IS IN RESURGENCE . MALE CHOIRSIN THE 1800'S HAVE REMAINED A LASTING TRADITION IN WALES. THEY WERE PART OF CHAPEL CHOIRS. THEY HAD MANY ARTISTS, SCULPTURES, POTTERS THROUGHOUT HISTORY.
WALES IS TRADITIONALLY AN AGRARIAN SOCIETY AND THEY REPRESENT AND EAT SIMPLE FOODS. BAKI8NG IS A BIG PART OF OF THEIR CULTURE AND THEY EAT FRUITCAKES, MEAT BASED STEWS, WELSH RAREBIT AND COOKIES, AND TROUT.
72% OF THE POPULATION IS CHRISTIAN. SOME FOLKSARE ROMAN CATHOLIC. THEY PLAY RUGBY, FOOTBALL, BOXING AND
CRICKET.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
WALES IS A COUNTRY THAT IS PART OF UNITED KINGDOM. IN 2011IT HAD A POPULATION OF 3 MILLION. IT IS MOSTLY MOUNTAINOUS AREAS. IT HAS MARITIME CLIMATE AND IS IN A TEMPERATE ZONE.
THE RODMAN WITHDREW FROM THE BRITAIN IN THE AND WALES IS NOW A DEVELOPED AND MODERN NATION. IN 1280 ENGLAND OWNED WALES , BUT THEY ARE AN INDEPENDENT COUNTRY NOW.
DURING THE INDUSTRIAL MINING AND METAL INDUSTRIES TRQANSFORMED WALES FROM AGRICULTURAL TO AN INDUSTRIAL COUNTRY. THEY ALSO DEVELOPED A COAL INDUSTRY AND INCREASED THEIR POPULATION. MUCH OF THEIR ECONOMY DEPENDS ON WALES. A SEGMENT OF THE POPULATION STILL SPEAKS WELSH.
"WALES IS DERIVED FROM GERMAN MEANING FROM "FOREIGNER", WHO HAD BEEN ROMANIZED. ARCHAEOLOGISTS HAVE FOUND SITES AT LEAST TO 29,000 YEARS. SOME SITES HAVE BEEN USED FROM 12,000 - 10,000 YEARS CONTINUOUSLY. MESOLITHIC HUNTERS AND GATHERS FROM EUROPE CAME HERE WHEN SEA LEVELS WERE LOWER. THE NORTH SEA WAS ACTUALLY A BAY THEN. DENMARK, GERMANY, AND NETHERLANDS WERE CONNECTED BY THE FORMER LAND MASS KNOWN AS DOGGERLAND. BY 10,250 B.P. WARMER CLIMATE ALLOWED THE AREA TO BE HEAVILY WOODED. THE NEOLITHIC COLONISTS CAME HERE TO MEET INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GRADUALLY CHANGING FROM NOMADS TO HUNTERS AND GATHERERS. BY 6000 B.P. THEY STARTED FARMING. THEY CUT DOWN TREES TO CULTIVATE LAND, DEVELOPED NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN TEXTILE WITH CERAMICS. THE PEOPLE IN WALES EXCHANGED IDEAS OF THE BRONZE AGE AND IRON AGE. CELTIC CULTURES IN WALES WERE PART OF A MARITIME TRADING NETWORK THAT INCLUDED ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, AND PORTUGUESE.
THE ROMAN CONQUEST WAS IN 48 A.D. AND TOOK 30 YEARS TO COMPLETE IN WALES. IN OTHER COUNTRIES THEY FOUGHT FOR 300 YEARS! WALES HAD A RICH MINERAL DEPOSIT . THERE WERE TWO NATIVE TRIBES WHO THE ROMANS DID NOT CONQUER.
THE ROMANS HAD ENGINEERS TAKE OUT GOLD, COPPER, LEAD, ZINC, AND SILVER. ROMAN INFLUENCE CAME THROUGH THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY. GAINING FOLLOWERS IN 313.
AFTER ROME LEFT WALES IN 1410 A.D. MUCH OF THE LOWLANDS OF WALES AND BRITAIN IN THE EAST AND SOUTHEAST WERE OVERRUN BY GERMANS.
WALES WAS REFFERED TO AS A LAND OF SONG. THEY USE FIDDLES, HARPS, HORNPIPES AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS. THEY HAVE MUSIC FESTIVALS. THE WALES PEOPLE HAVE A NATIONAL OPERA.THEIR YOUTH ORCHESTRA WAS THE FIRST IN THE WORLD. THE BEATLES ORIGINATED HERE! WELSH AND FOLK MUSIC IS IN RESURGENCE . MALE CHOIRSIN THE 1800'S HAVE REMAINED A LASTING TRADITION IN WALES. THEY WERE PART OF CHAPEL CHOIRS. THEY HAD MANY ARTISTS, SCULPTURES, POTTERS THROUGHOUT HISTORY.
WALES IS TRADITIONALLY AN AGRARIAN SOCIETY AND THEY REPRESENT AND EAT SIMPLE FOODS. BAKI8NG IS A BIG PART OF OF THEIR CULTURE AND THEY EAT FRUITCAKES, MEAT BASED STEWS, WELSH RAREBIT AND COOKIES, AND TROUT.
72% OF THE POPULATION IS CHRISTIAN. SOME FOLKSARE ROMAN CATHOLIC. THEY PLAY RUGBY, FOOTBALL, BOXING AND
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Thursday, April 4, 2013
SCOTLAND CULTURE
THIS IS A GAELIC COUNTRY PART OF LIMITED KINGDOM. SCOTLAND HAS 790 ISLANDS. EDINBERG WAS THE HUB IN 1700'S THAT TRANFORMED IT INTO A COMMERCE, INTELLECTUAL AND INDIVIDUAL POWERHOUSES OF EUROPE. THIS WAS ONCE ONE WITH ONE OF THE WORLD'S LEADING INDUSTRIAL CITIES. THEY HAVE ONE OF THE LARGEST OIL RESERVES IN THE EUROPEAN CONTRIES.
IN THE MIDDLE AGES IT CONTINUED TO BE A HUB. SCOTLAND HAS SEPARATE LEGAL, RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DISTINCT FROM THOSE IN THE REMAINDER OF U.K.. SCOTLAND IS A MEMBER OF THE BRITISH ISLE COUNCIL.
THE COUNTRY WAS SCOTIA IN THE 11TH CENTURY. THE ARCHAEOLOGISTS HERE SITUATED IN STUDIED SKARA BRAE, THE MOST INTACT NEOLITHIC VILLAGE DATING 3100 - 2500 B.C. THEY HAD MANY GLACIATIONS HERE THAT DESTROYED HUMAN HABITATIONS BEFORE MESOLITHIC PERIOD. ABOUT 13,000 YEARS AGO HUNTERS AND GATHERERS. THE ICE SHEET RETREATED. THE FIRST PERMANENT HOUSE ON SCOTTISH SOIL CAME HERE ABOUT 95,00 YEARS AGO WITH VILLAGES ABOUT 6000 YEARS AGO. THEY FOUND AN EARLY BRONZE AGE TRADING CULTURE CALLED THE ATLANTIC BRONZE AGE THAT INCLUDED ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, AND PORTUGAL.
ROMANS INVADED SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND AND WALES CALLING IT BRITANIA. THEY HAD NO WRITING CALLING IT IS A PERIOD CALLED PROTOHISTORY. ROMANS HAD A PROTOHISTORY. ROMANS HAD A SERIES OF INVASIONS. ROMAN MILITARY OCCUPIED NORTH SCOTLAND FOR 40 YEARS. THEY HAD SQIRMISHED CONFLICTS. SETTLERS FROM IRELAND FOUNDED THE SCOTTISH AREA.
THE KINGDOM OF PITE WAS THE STATE THAT EVENTUALLY BECAME KNOWN AS THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND.
SCOTLAND HAD A STABLE PERIOD BETWEEN THE 12TH AND 14TH CENTURIES. THEY WERE PEACEFUL WITH ENGLAND AND HAD EDUCATIONAL LINKS. WITH MAIN EUROPEANLANDS. MANY KINGS PASSED THROUGH THE SCOTTISH LEADERSHIP. VARIOUS LEADERS HAD PROBLEMS WITH VARIOUS NEARBY COUNTRIES AND EVEN WITH SCOTLAND.
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IN THE MIDDLE AGES IT CONTINUED TO BE A HUB. SCOTLAND HAS SEPARATE LEGAL, RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DISTINCT FROM THOSE IN THE REMAINDER OF U.K.. SCOTLAND IS A MEMBER OF THE BRITISH ISLE COUNCIL.
THE COUNTRY WAS SCOTIA IN THE 11TH CENTURY. THE ARCHAEOLOGISTS HERE SITUATED IN STUDIED SKARA BRAE, THE MOST INTACT NEOLITHIC VILLAGE DATING 3100 - 2500 B.C. THEY HAD MANY GLACIATIONS HERE THAT DESTROYED HUMAN HABITATIONS BEFORE MESOLITHIC PERIOD. ABOUT 13,000 YEARS AGO HUNTERS AND GATHERERS. THE ICE SHEET RETREATED. THE FIRST PERMANENT HOUSE ON SCOTTISH SOIL CAME HERE ABOUT 95,00 YEARS AGO WITH VILLAGES ABOUT 6000 YEARS AGO. THEY FOUND AN EARLY BRONZE AGE TRADING CULTURE CALLED THE ATLANTIC BRONZE AGE THAT INCLUDED ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, AND PORTUGAL.
ROMANS INVADED SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND AND WALES CALLING IT BRITANIA. THEY HAD NO WRITING CALLING IT IS A PERIOD CALLED PROTOHISTORY. ROMANS HAD A PROTOHISTORY. ROMANS HAD A SERIES OF INVASIONS. ROMAN MILITARY OCCUPIED NORTH SCOTLAND FOR 40 YEARS. THEY HAD SQIRMISHED CONFLICTS. SETTLERS FROM IRELAND FOUNDED THE SCOTTISH AREA.
THE KINGDOM OF PITE WAS THE STATE THAT EVENTUALLY BECAME KNOWN AS THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND.
SCOTLAND HAD A STABLE PERIOD BETWEEN THE 12TH AND 14TH CENTURIES. THEY WERE PEACEFUL WITH ENGLAND AND HAD EDUCATIONAL LINKS. WITH MAIN EUROPEANLANDS. MANY KINGS PASSED THROUGH THE SCOTTISH LEADERSHIP. VARIOUS LEADERS HAD PROBLEMS WITH VARIOUS NEARBY COUNTRIES AND EVEN WITH SCOTLAND.
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IRELAND CULTURE
THESE FOLKS ARE NOT HOMOGENEOUS. IN IRELAND THEY HAVE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS AND NATIVES AND ENGLISH SPEAKERS. THEY OBSERVE MANY FESTIVALS AND ST. PATRICK'S DAY.
FARMING DATES BACK TO PREHISTORIC TIMES OF EARLY SETTLEMEBT ACCORDING TO ARCHAEOLOGISTS. IN HISTORIC TIMES CATTLE REPRESENTED A SIGB OF WEALTH.
A PARISH WAS A CIVAL AND RELIGIOUS UNIT WITH A VILLAGE AND A CENTRAL CHURCH AREA. THE IRISH COUNTY STRUCTURE CAME INTO EXISTENCE THAT WAS COMPLETED IN 1600. MOST FOLKS FEEL A LOYALTY TO THE PARISH.
THE ENGLISH CAME HERE AND ORGANIZED A CONQUEST FOR 60 YEARS AND HAD PLANTATIONS. THEY HAD CATTLE ON THE OPEN RANGE. SMALL TENANT FARMERS WITH MORE OR LESS HOLDS ON THEIR LEASES AND A MASS OF LANDLESS LABORERS. THIS SITUATION CONTINUED UP TO THE END OF 19TH CENTURY. FARMING FAMILIES WILL DO ALMOST ANYTHING TO RETAIN LAND OWNERSHIP. THE IRISH CALENDAR REFLECTS THE OLD PAGAN CUSTOMS. CHRISTMAS IN IRELAND HAS SEVERAL LOCAL TRADITIONS, SOME THAT ARE CONNECTED TO CHRISTIANITY. SOME BOYS CALL DOOR TO DOOR WITH AN ARRANGEMENT OF MATERIALS TO REPRESENT A DEAD WREN.
ON ST. PATRICKS DAY THEY HAVE PARADES AND FESTIVALS. ST PATRICK WAS THEIR PATRON SAINT OF IRELAND. HE BANISHED SNAKES FROM IRELAND. PATRICK USED THE SHAMROCK TO TEACH THE PEOPLE ABOUT 3 DIVINE PEOPLE IN ONE GOD.
MOST FOLKS PRACTICE CATHOLIC RELIGION PRIOR TO THE 5TH CENTURY. THEY HAVE MANY CELTIC FESTIVALS. THIS COUNRY HAS A GREAT NUMBER OF FOLKS WHO PRACTICE THEIR RELIGION.
LEPRECCHAN IN IRISH FOLKLORE ARE FAIRY TYPE CREATURES THAT ARE GREEN. WHEN NOT PLAYING TRICKS THEY ARE BUSY MAKING SHOES. THEY ARE SAID TO HAVE A [PT OF GOLD AT THE END OF THE RAINBOW. IF THEY ARE CAPTURED BY HUMANS THEY GRANT THREE WISHES IN EXCHANGE FOR RELEASE.. THEY CELEBRATE HALLOWEEN AND LIKE TO HAVE GAELIC FESTIVALS. CHILDREN DISQUISED IN COSTUME ASKING FOR FOOD OR CLOTHING.
THE IRISH TRADITION OF FOLK MUSIC IS ALSO WIDELY KNOWN. DURING THE 1960'S. DURING THE 1960'S AND INSPIRED BY THE AMERICAN FOLK MUSIC THERE WASA REVIVAL IN THE IRISH RADITION. ENGLISH IS MOST WIDELY SOKEN AND IRISH IS ALSO USED SLIGHTLY AND SEVERAL OTHER LANGUAGES. THERE ARE INFERENCES TO FOOD AND DRINK IN EARLY STORIES.
HONEY WAS USED WIDELY IN MAKING MEAD. THEY HAVE RECORDED PREHISTORIC SITESWHERE DEER WAS COOKED WITH HOT ROCKS. THEY MADE TROUGHS AND THEY FILLED THE HOLES WITH WATER AND HOT STONES WERE PUT IN THE HOLES AND VENISON WAS COOKED WITH STONES. SOME OF THESE SITES WERE USED UP TO 1600'S.
EXCAVATIONS AT DUBLIN SHOW THE EARLY OCCUPANTS AT CATTLE, SHEEP, PIGS, GUEESE, TURKEY, AND CHICKEN, FISH, AND SHELLFISH. THEY HAD MANY NUTS AND BERRIES WITH PORRIDGE OF NATIVE GREENS.
THE POTATOE WAS INTRODUCED IN 1550'S. IT WAS THE MAIN CROP OF LABORERS. THEY HAD A POTATOE BLIGHT IN 1850'S AND A FAMINE WHICH LED TO EMIGRATION.
TODAY THEY EAT FAST FOODS THAT ARE SIMILAR TO OUR MODERN CULTURE AS WELL AS EUROPEAN DISHES. THEY HAD A PIZZA, CHINESE FOOD AND AFRICAN DISHES.
THEY HAVE CUT ON FRIED FOODS AND THEY GRILLED MANY VEGIS AND MEATS. THEY MAKE FOODS AND MANY BREADS AND CHEESECAKES.
THEY HAVE PUB CULTURES AND IT IS A PLACE TO DRINK AND MEET NEIGHBORS AND FRIENDS IN A RELAXED PLACE. TOURISTS COME TO LISTEN TO LISTEN TO MUSIC AS WELL AS IRISH FOLKS. THIS COUNTRY HAS THE 2ND HIGHEST RATE OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN THE WORLD. SMOKING IS BANNED IN PUBS AND RESTAURANTS.
SPORTS AS FOOTBALL, RUGBY, SOCCER, AND HOCKEY ARE COMMON AS IS CYCLING. THEY HAVE PRODUCED MANY FILM DIRECTORS IN RECENT YEARS TO THE PROMOTION IN FILM BOARD.. THEY HAVE MANY AND ACTORS. IT IS A POPULAR LOCATION FOR SHOOTING MOVIES.
THEY HAVE NUMEROUS MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES WITH FESTIVALS TO FARMING EVENTS. THEY HAVE NATIONAL PLOUGHING CHAMPIONSHIPS.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
FARMING DATES BACK TO PREHISTORIC TIMES OF EARLY SETTLEMEBT ACCORDING TO ARCHAEOLOGISTS. IN HISTORIC TIMES CATTLE REPRESENTED A SIGB OF WEALTH.
A PARISH WAS A CIVAL AND RELIGIOUS UNIT WITH A VILLAGE AND A CENTRAL CHURCH AREA. THE IRISH COUNTY STRUCTURE CAME INTO EXISTENCE THAT WAS COMPLETED IN 1600. MOST FOLKS FEEL A LOYALTY TO THE PARISH.
THE ENGLISH CAME HERE AND ORGANIZED A CONQUEST FOR 60 YEARS AND HAD PLANTATIONS. THEY HAD CATTLE ON THE OPEN RANGE. SMALL TENANT FARMERS WITH MORE OR LESS HOLDS ON THEIR LEASES AND A MASS OF LANDLESS LABORERS. THIS SITUATION CONTINUED UP TO THE END OF 19TH CENTURY. FARMING FAMILIES WILL DO ALMOST ANYTHING TO RETAIN LAND OWNERSHIP. THE IRISH CALENDAR REFLECTS THE OLD PAGAN CUSTOMS. CHRISTMAS IN IRELAND HAS SEVERAL LOCAL TRADITIONS, SOME THAT ARE CONNECTED TO CHRISTIANITY. SOME BOYS CALL DOOR TO DOOR WITH AN ARRANGEMENT OF MATERIALS TO REPRESENT A DEAD WREN.
ON ST. PATRICKS DAY THEY HAVE PARADES AND FESTIVALS. ST PATRICK WAS THEIR PATRON SAINT OF IRELAND. HE BANISHED SNAKES FROM IRELAND. PATRICK USED THE SHAMROCK TO TEACH THE PEOPLE ABOUT 3 DIVINE PEOPLE IN ONE GOD.
MOST FOLKS PRACTICE CATHOLIC RELIGION PRIOR TO THE 5TH CENTURY. THEY HAVE MANY CELTIC FESTIVALS. THIS COUNRY HAS A GREAT NUMBER OF FOLKS WHO PRACTICE THEIR RELIGION.
LEPRECCHAN IN IRISH FOLKLORE ARE FAIRY TYPE CREATURES THAT ARE GREEN. WHEN NOT PLAYING TRICKS THEY ARE BUSY MAKING SHOES. THEY ARE SAID TO HAVE A [PT OF GOLD AT THE END OF THE RAINBOW. IF THEY ARE CAPTURED BY HUMANS THEY GRANT THREE WISHES IN EXCHANGE FOR RELEASE.. THEY CELEBRATE HALLOWEEN AND LIKE TO HAVE GAELIC FESTIVALS. CHILDREN DISQUISED IN COSTUME ASKING FOR FOOD OR CLOTHING.
THE IRISH TRADITION OF FOLK MUSIC IS ALSO WIDELY KNOWN. DURING THE 1960'S. DURING THE 1960'S AND INSPIRED BY THE AMERICAN FOLK MUSIC THERE WASA REVIVAL IN THE IRISH RADITION. ENGLISH IS MOST WIDELY SOKEN AND IRISH IS ALSO USED SLIGHTLY AND SEVERAL OTHER LANGUAGES. THERE ARE INFERENCES TO FOOD AND DRINK IN EARLY STORIES.
HONEY WAS USED WIDELY IN MAKING MEAD. THEY HAVE RECORDED PREHISTORIC SITESWHERE DEER WAS COOKED WITH HOT ROCKS. THEY MADE TROUGHS AND THEY FILLED THE HOLES WITH WATER AND HOT STONES WERE PUT IN THE HOLES AND VENISON WAS COOKED WITH STONES. SOME OF THESE SITES WERE USED UP TO 1600'S.
EXCAVATIONS AT DUBLIN SHOW THE EARLY OCCUPANTS AT CATTLE, SHEEP, PIGS, GUEESE, TURKEY, AND CHICKEN, FISH, AND SHELLFISH. THEY HAD MANY NUTS AND BERRIES WITH PORRIDGE OF NATIVE GREENS.
THE POTATOE WAS INTRODUCED IN 1550'S. IT WAS THE MAIN CROP OF LABORERS. THEY HAD A POTATOE BLIGHT IN 1850'S AND A FAMINE WHICH LED TO EMIGRATION.
TODAY THEY EAT FAST FOODS THAT ARE SIMILAR TO OUR MODERN CULTURE AS WELL AS EUROPEAN DISHES. THEY HAD A PIZZA, CHINESE FOOD AND AFRICAN DISHES.
THEY HAVE CUT ON FRIED FOODS AND THEY GRILLED MANY VEGIS AND MEATS. THEY MAKE FOODS AND MANY BREADS AND CHEESECAKES.
THEY HAVE PUB CULTURES AND IT IS A PLACE TO DRINK AND MEET NEIGHBORS AND FRIENDS IN A RELAXED PLACE. TOURISTS COME TO LISTEN TO LISTEN TO MUSIC AS WELL AS IRISH FOLKS. THIS COUNTRY HAS THE 2ND HIGHEST RATE OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN THE WORLD. SMOKING IS BANNED IN PUBS AND RESTAURANTS.
SPORTS AS FOOTBALL, RUGBY, SOCCER, AND HOCKEY ARE COMMON AS IS CYCLING. THEY HAVE PRODUCED MANY FILM DIRECTORS IN RECENT YEARS TO THE PROMOTION IN FILM BOARD.. THEY HAVE MANY AND ACTORS. IT IS A POPULAR LOCATION FOR SHOOTING MOVIES.
THEY HAVE NUMEROUS MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES WITH FESTIVALS TO FARMING EVENTS. THEY HAVE NATIONAL PLOUGHING CHAMPIONSHIPS
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YAMPA ROOT USE BY NATIVES
AS I WAS DRIVING TO SONOMA I SAW MANY YAMPA ROOT PLANTS. THIS PERIODITE GAIRDNERI IS A PRACTICAL PLANT. YAMPA GROWS IN VARIOUS ECOSYTEMS. IN THE POMO, WAPPO, AND VARIOUS BAY AREASTHEY ARE ROOT CROPS IN THE SPRING, SHOWINGWHITE UMBELS SIMILAR TO OTHER PLANTS LIKE QUEEN ANNRS LACE. YAMPA WAS EATEN BY NATIVES THROUGHOUT THE NORTHWEST. THE CHETENNE TO PAUITE AND WAPPO ALL USED THE SMALL NUT SIZED ROOT AS STAPLES AS THEY ATE THEM FRESH, BAKED, BOILED, AND DRIED FOR FUTURE USE. IT HAS GOOD POWERFUL ENERGY TO SUSTAIN LONG DISTANCE RUNNERS. THE POMO ATE THE LEAVESTHEY ARE EASILY DUG IN THE SPRING. IN SOME AREAS THEY HAVE GRASS LIKE LEAVES. THE TUBERS ARE ABOUT 1" LONG AND GROW ABOUT 3" DEEP. THEY TASTE LIKE PARSNIPS OR WATER CHESTNUTS.
WHEN BAKED OR STEAMED THEY HAVE THEIR BEST FLAVOR UNCOOKED ROOTS WERE USED AS LAXATIVES IF IVEREATEN, VARIOUS LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES ENCOURAGE NATIVES TO TEND AND USE YAMPA FOR THEIR USE. ANTHROPOLOGISTS FROM THESE AGENCIES RE NOW ASKING QUESTIONS SUCH AS THE FOLLOWING:
1) WHO ARE THE NATIVES WHO WANT TO GATHER HERE? 2) WHAT PLANTS ARE CURRENTLY USED? 3) WHAT PLANT PARTS ARE GATHERED? 4) WHAT TOOLS ARE NEEDED TO COLLECT OR GATHER THESE PLANTS? 5) WHERE ARE THE PLANTS LOCATED? 6) WHAT ARE THEIR CURRENT HARVESTING TECHNIQUES FOR THE PLANTS? 7) WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF HARVESTING ON PLANT NUMBERS? 8) DO THEY HAVE ANY COLLECTION SITES? 9) ARE THERE PUBLIC AREAS TO INCLUDE IN RECOVERING OR INTRODUCING NATIVE PLANTS?
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TENDING THE WILD BY KAT ANDERSON
WHEN BAKED OR STEAMED THEY HAVE THEIR BEST FLAVOR UNCOOKED ROOTS WERE USED AS LAXATIVES IF IVEREATEN, VARIOUS LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES ENCOURAGE NATIVES TO TEND AND USE YAMPA FOR THEIR USE. ANTHROPOLOGISTS FROM THESE AGENCIES RE NOW ASKING QUESTIONS SUCH AS THE FOLLOWING:
1) WHO ARE THE NATIVES WHO WANT TO GATHER HERE? 2) WHAT PLANTS ARE CURRENTLY USED? 3) WHAT PLANT PARTS ARE GATHERED? 4) WHAT TOOLS ARE NEEDED TO COLLECT OR GATHER THESE PLANTS? 5) WHERE ARE THE PLANTS LOCATED? 6) WHAT ARE THEIR CURRENT HARVESTING TECHNIQUES FOR THE PLANTS? 7) WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF HARVESTING ON PLANT NUMBERS? 8) DO THEY HAVE ANY COLLECTION SITES? 9) ARE THERE PUBLIC AREAS TO INCLUDE IN RECOVERING OR INTRODUCING NATIVE PLANTS?
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
TENDING THE WILD BY KAT ANDERSON
Monday, April 1, 2013
FRANCE CULTURE
FRANCE HAS BEEN SHAPED BY GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORICAL EVENTS, AS WELL AS CENTER OF HIGH CULTURES. FRENCH CULTURE POSES CERTAIN DIFFERENCES IN LANGUAGE. AND RELIGION AND BELIEFS. THEY HAVE A MANDATORY MILITARY SERVICE.
THE FRENCH ARE GREAT COUNTRY THAT HAS CLAIMED UNIVERSAL UNIVERSALISM. THE FRENCH CULTURE IS A BLEND OF ETHNICITIES AND ROSES. THEIR GOVERNMENT HAS PROMOTED FRENCH LANGUAGE. THEY HAVE SEVERAL OTHER LANGUAGES. ENGLISH IS TAUGHT AS A SECOND LANGUAGE.
THE ARCHITECTURE FROM 1800'S IS GRAND AND THEIR ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES ARE BEAUTIFUL. (61% ARE CATHOLIC). SOME ARE AGNOSTIC, 1% IS BUDDIST.
FRANCE HAS HAD MANY CONFLICTS BETWEEN GROUPS AND SUBGROUPS AND BETWEEN RELIGIOUS SECTORS. ISLAM IS THE SECOND LARGEST FAITH IN FRANCE. SOME OF THEIR CHURCHES HAVE SERVED AS REFUGEES FOR JEWS AND OTHER SECTS. CURRETLY THEY HAVE ABOUT 600,000 JEWS. BUDDISM IS HERE WITH 200 MEDITATION CENTERS.
PARIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INTELLECTUAL SUBCULTURES. THESE MAY INCLUDE THE BOHEMIANS, IMPRESSIONISTS, SURREALISTS, GAY AND LESBIAN COMMUNITY.
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THE FRENCH ARE GREAT COUNTRY THAT HAS CLAIMED UNIVERSAL UNIVERSALISM. THE FRENCH CULTURE IS A BLEND OF ETHNICITIES AND ROSES. THEIR GOVERNMENT HAS PROMOTED FRENCH LANGUAGE. THEY HAVE SEVERAL OTHER LANGUAGES. ENGLISH IS TAUGHT AS A SECOND LANGUAGE.
THE ARCHITECTURE FROM 1800'S IS GRAND AND THEIR ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES ARE BEAUTIFUL. (61% ARE CATHOLIC). SOME ARE AGNOSTIC, 1% IS BUDDIST.
FRANCE HAS HAD MANY CONFLICTS BETWEEN GROUPS AND SUBGROUPS AND BETWEEN RELIGIOUS SECTORS. ISLAM IS THE SECOND LARGEST FAITH IN FRANCE. SOME OF THEIR CHURCHES HAVE SERVED AS REFUGEES FOR JEWS AND OTHER SECTS. CURRETLY THEY HAVE ABOUT 600,000 JEWS. BUDDISM IS HERE WITH 200 MEDITATION CENTERS.
PARIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INTELLECTUAL SUBCULTURES. THESE MAY INCLUDE THE BOHEMIANS, IMPRESSIONISTS, SURREALISTS, GAY AND LESBIAN COMMUNITY.
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SPAIN CULTURE
THEIR ECONOMY HAD A STRONG RECOVERY FROM GLOBAL RECESSION IN THE 1990'S. THEN IN 2008 THEY HAD ANOTHER RECESSION. THEIR DEEPEST RECESSION WAS IN 1/2 OF A CENTURY. THEY HAVE A HIGH INFLATION AND THEIR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IS AMONG THE POOREST FOR DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.
SPAIN'S EARLIEST RECORD IS CRO MAGNON'S FROM THE PYRENEES 35,000 YEARS AGO THEY MADE CAVE PAINTINGS IN THE NORTH THAT ARE GONE THAT DEPICT BISON AND EARLY ANIMALS. THEY HAD MANY REVOLTIONS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES AND THEY ALSO HAD CIVIL WAR.
THE CULTURE OF SPAIN IS PRIMARILY BASED ON ROME, CELTIC AND SHERIAN CULTURES, 787 YEARS OF RULE. MUSLIM INFLUENCES WERE STRONG DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. THE SPAINISH DEFEATED THE MUSLIMS IN 1000 -1492. SPAIN BECAME ROMAN CATHOLIC COUNTRY. BY THE 20TH CENTURY. BY THE 20TH CENTURY SPAIN HAD INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.
SPAIN HAD THE SECOND HIGHEST NUMBER OF UNESCO HERITAGE SITES IN THE WORLD. SPAIN HAS MANY RENOWNED ARTISTS FROM 17TH TO 19TH CENTURY. ONE OF THE MOST IS PICASSOAN ABSTRACT PAINTER.
THEY HAVE SPAINISH GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE ANS A WIDE RANGE OF STYLES. THEY ALSO USED THE ISLAMIC OF THE MOSQUE, THE TOMB , THE PALACE, AND THE FORT. IN THE 19TH CENTURY THEY HAD CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM AND JUDISM. TODAY 21 NATIONS USE SPANISH AS THEIR PRIMARY LANGUAGE. THEIR ARE A NUMBER OF OTHER LANGUAGES SPOKEN SPOKEN HERE.
ABOUT 79% OF THE SPANIARDS BELONG TO THE ROMAN CATHOLIC RELIGION AND 19% ARE NON RELIGIOUS. THEY HAVE MANY CELEBRATIONS. THE MOST POPULAR IS PAMPLIONS IN JULY WHEN WHEN PEOPLE RACE AHEAD OF BULLS!
SPANISH CUISINE DERIVES FROM ROMAN, JEWISH AND ARAB TRADITIONS. THEY BELIEVE IN EATING PORK THAT MAKES YOUR BLOOD CLEAN.
THE ESSENTIAL INGREDIENT FOR SPANISH COKKING IS OLIVE OIL. SOUPS USE POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS, AND BEANS. DAILY MEALS ARE EATEN BY SPANIARDS IN THE COUNTRY, AND ARE MADE BY HAND FROM PRODUCTS BOUGHT THAT DAY.
THE BARS SERVE FREE SNACKS THAT DAY WITH BEER OR WINE.THEY LIKE THICK HOT CHOCOLATE SLATS. OFTEN SPANISH SINGERS WILL ENTERTAINTHE GUESTS, THEY TYPICALLY EAT FRUIT FOR DESERT. THEY HAVE MANY COMMUNITIES WHERE THERE IS A GREATSENSE OF REGIONAL IDENTITY.. THEY HAVE REGIONAL IDENTITY. THEY HAVE TENSION BETWEEN HAVING REGIONAL COMMUNITIES VS ORGANIZING SPAIN AS A FEDERAL COUNTRY.
AS FOR EMPLOYMENT THEY HAD A WEAKNESS OF THE SPANISH ECONOMY FROM 1995 TO 2000. PRIOR TO THAT TIME 37% OF THE FOLKS WERE UNEMPLOYED. IT IS STILL SUFFERING FROM UNEMPLOYMENT.
IN 2012 A RADICAL LABOR REFORM BEGAN TO MAKE
MORE FLEXIBLE LABOR MARKETS AND FACILITATES THE LAYOFFS. THE MINISTER FOR EMPLOYMENT SAID THAT THE ;ABOR REF[RM PROMOTED THE GOVERNMENT TO GEVELOP REACHABLE CONTRACTS. 32,000 CONTRACTS FOR ENTREPRENUERS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED. THE COMPANIES CAN OVERCOME THE CRISIS THROUGH FLEXIBILITY, REDUCED WORK HOURS AND CREATED JOBS.
SPAIN IMPORTS ALL OF IT'S FUELS BY ADDING TO INFLATION RATE. RATE. SPAIN'S COMPANIES HAVE MULTI-NATIONAL STATUS EXPANDING THEIR ACTIVITIES. THEY HAVE COMPANIES FOCUSED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY, TRAINING, AND TEXTILE MANUFACTURERS. THEY HAVE DEVELOPED A HIGH SPEED RAILROAD SYSTEM.
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SPAIN'S EARLIEST RECORD IS CRO MAGNON'S FROM THE PYRENEES 35,000 YEARS AGO THEY MADE CAVE PAINTINGS IN THE NORTH THAT ARE GONE THAT DEPICT BISON AND EARLY ANIMALS. THEY HAD MANY REVOLTIONS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES AND THEY ALSO HAD CIVIL WAR.
THE CULTURE OF SPAIN IS PRIMARILY BASED ON ROME, CELTIC AND SHERIAN CULTURES, 787 YEARS OF RULE. MUSLIM INFLUENCES WERE STRONG DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. THE SPAINISH DEFEATED THE MUSLIMS IN 1000 -1492. SPAIN BECAME ROMAN CATHOLIC COUNTRY. BY THE 20TH CENTURY. BY THE 20TH CENTURY SPAIN HAD INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.
SPAIN HAD THE SECOND HIGHEST NUMBER OF UNESCO HERITAGE SITES IN THE WORLD. SPAIN HAS MANY RENOWNED ARTISTS FROM 17TH TO 19TH CENTURY. ONE OF THE MOST IS PICASSOAN ABSTRACT PAINTER.
THEY HAVE SPAINISH GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE ANS A WIDE RANGE OF STYLES. THEY ALSO USED THE ISLAMIC OF THE MOSQUE, THE TOMB , THE PALACE, AND THE FORT. IN THE 19TH CENTURY THEY HAD CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM AND JUDISM. TODAY 21 NATIONS USE SPANISH AS THEIR PRIMARY LANGUAGE. THEIR ARE A NUMBER OF OTHER LANGUAGES SPOKEN SPOKEN HERE.
ABOUT 79% OF THE SPANIARDS BELONG TO THE ROMAN CATHOLIC RELIGION AND 19% ARE NON RELIGIOUS. THEY HAVE MANY CELEBRATIONS. THE MOST POPULAR IS PAMPLIONS IN JULY WHEN WHEN PEOPLE RACE AHEAD OF BULLS!
SPANISH CUISINE DERIVES FROM ROMAN, JEWISH AND ARAB TRADITIONS. THEY BELIEVE IN EATING PORK THAT MAKES YOUR BLOOD CLEAN.
THE ESSENTIAL INGREDIENT FOR SPANISH COKKING IS OLIVE OIL. SOUPS USE POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS, AND BEANS. DAILY MEALS ARE EATEN BY SPANIARDS IN THE COUNTRY, AND ARE MADE BY HAND FROM PRODUCTS BOUGHT THAT DAY.
THE BARS SERVE FREE SNACKS THAT DAY WITH BEER OR WINE.THEY LIKE THICK HOT CHOCOLATE SLATS. OFTEN SPANISH SINGERS WILL ENTERTAINTHE GUESTS, THEY TYPICALLY EAT FRUIT FOR DESERT. THEY HAVE MANY COMMUNITIES WHERE THERE IS A GREATSENSE OF REGIONAL IDENTITY.. THEY HAVE REGIONAL IDENTITY. THEY HAVE TENSION BETWEEN HAVING REGIONAL COMMUNITIES VS ORGANIZING SPAIN AS A FEDERAL COUNTRY.
AS FOR EMPLOYMENT THEY HAD A WEAKNESS OF THE SPANISH ECONOMY FROM 1995 TO 2000. PRIOR TO THAT TIME 37% OF THE FOLKS WERE UNEMPLOYED. IT IS STILL SUFFERING FROM UNEMPLOYMENT.
IN 2012 A RADICAL LABOR REFORM BEGAN TO MAKE
MORE FLEXIBLE LABOR MARKETS AND FACILITATES THE LAYOFFS. THE MINISTER FOR EMPLOYMENT SAID THAT THE ;ABOR REF[RM PROMOTED THE GOVERNMENT TO GEVELOP REACHABLE CONTRACTS. 32,000 CONTRACTS FOR ENTREPRENUERS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED. THE COMPANIES CAN OVERCOME THE CRISIS THROUGH FLEXIBILITY, REDUCED WORK HOURS AND CREATED JOBS.
SPAIN IMPORTS ALL OF IT'S FUELS BY ADDING TO INFLATION RATE. RATE. SPAIN'S COMPANIES HAVE MULTI-NATIONAL STATUS EXPANDING THEIR ACTIVITIES. THEY HAVE COMPANIES FOCUSED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY, TRAINING, AND TEXTILE MANUFACTURERS. THEY HAVE DEVELOPED A HIGH SPEED RAILROAD SYSTEM.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
OZ THE GREAT
THIS 2013 MOVIE IS A 3 -D MOVIE THAT BRINGS OUT THE CHARACTERS IN MORE DIMENSIONS. IT WAS BASED ON THE 20 YEAR OLD MOVIE BUT HAD A DIFFERENT TWIST. OSCAR IS THE MAGICIAN-WHO HAS LEARNED THEATRICS AS A AS A PERFORMER FOR A CIRCUS. HE ESCAPES FROM THIS SETTING BY AN ANGRY GENT BY CUTTING HIMSELF LOOSE FROM A HOT AIR BALLOON TWISTS INTO A TORNADO AND HAS MANY ADVENTURES IN A LARGE RIVER AND THROUGH CANYONS. HE LANDS IN OZ AND ENCOUNTERS 3 WITCHES - THEODORA, EVANORA, AND GLENDA. OSCAR TRIES TO RESTORE ORDER TO OZ AS THE LADIES ASK HIM, WHILE RESOLVING PROBLEMS OF ALL SORTS. THEODORA THINKS HE IS OZ AND ASKS HIM TO FIND THE WICKED WITCH WHO KILLED THE KING OF OZ. HE ENCOUNTERS EMERALD CITY AND THEODORA FALLS IN LOVE WITH HIM AS HE FLURTED THE EMERALD CITY AND THEODORA FALLS IN LOVE WITH HIM AS HE FLURTED WITH HER. HE MEETS A FLYING MONKEY AND HE PLEDGES TO BE HIS ASSISTANT. AT EMERALD CITY HE MEETS THEODORA AND HER SISTER EVANORA WHO TELL HIM TO KILL THE WITCH IN THE DAQRK FOREST. SHE CAN BE KILLED BY DESTROYING HER WAND.
HE REACHES THE FORESTS AND MEETS THE WICKED WITCH WHO SHOWSAS THE GOOD WITCH, GLENDA. ON A CRYSTAL BALL, THE POTHER TWO WITCHES SEES HE HAS A LIKING FOR GLENDA THE ONE SISTER TEASES TASTE AN APPLE TO REMOVE HER HEARTACHE. SHE BECOMES A WICKED SKINNY WITCH.
GLINDA THEM IN A BIG BUBBLE TO HER DOMAIN IN OZ TO ESCAPE THEODORA'S FLYING BABOONS. SHE CONFIDES THAT SHE KNOWS HE IS NOT TRUELY A WIZARD BUT THINKS PROVIDE AN ARRAY OF TINKERS AND MUNCHKINS TO PROTECT THEM FROM THE BAD WITCH. THEODORA FLIES TO THEIR DOMAIN AND REVEALS TO HIM SHE WILL RUIN HIM AND HIS ARMY. HE PUTS HIS IDEAS TOGETHER AND GETS GLINDA'S TOWN TO PULL TOGETHER AN ARMY OF SCARECROWS WITH A BLANKET OF FOG. GLENDA IS CAPTURED AT THE CITY'S SQUARE BUT OSCAR USES AN IMAGE PROJECTOR TO MAKE HIS FACE APPEAR LARGER. HE ALSO HAS FIREWORKS TO ATTACK THE FLYING MONKEYS. THEODORA COMES FLYING IN ON A BROOM AND FLEES FROM OSCAR 'THE WIZARD'.
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