THEY WERE PART OF THREE GROUPS OF PAIUTE. THEIR NAME MEANT WATER UTE. EUROPEANS CALLED THEM DIGGERS BECAUSE THEY DUG UP ROOTS. THEIR NAME MEANT WATER UTE. EUROPEANS CALLED THEM DIGGERS BECAUSE THEY DUG UP ROOTS. THEIR LANGUAGE WAS UTO AZTECAN. THEY ARE SOMETIMES REFERED TO AS PAIUTE. THEY ADAPTED WELL TO THE HARSH DESERT ENVIRONMENT. THEY HAD COMMUNAL DRIVES THAT WERE USED FOR HUNTING RABBITS AND PRONGHORN. A MAJOR FOOD WAS GATHERED IN THE FALL - PINYON NUTS. GRASS SEEDS AND ROOTS WERE AN IMPORTANT PART OF THEIR DIET. BY 1840'S THEY USED HORSES BUT WERE NOT EUROPEAN INFLUENCES. SMALLPOX WAS AN UNWELCOME DISEASE, THEY HAD NO IMMUNITY FROM. BY 1934 UNDER THEIR INDIAN REORGANIZATION ACT OF THE COLONIES THEY GAINED FEDERAL RECOGNITION.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
Wednesday, May 4, 2011
TIMBISHU INDIANS IN NEVADA
THEY ARE FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED AS LIVING IN DEATH VALLEY NEAR THE NEVADA-CALIFORNIA BORDER. THEY HAVE LIVED HER FOR OVER A THOUSAND YEARS. IN 1933 DEATH VALLEY BECAME A NATIONAL MONUMENT AND THEY WERE WITHIN THE PARK BOUNDARIES. KROEBER SAID IN 1770 THAT THEY HAD A POPULATION OF 1500. BY 1960 THEY WANTED A FORMAL RESERVATION. THEY WERE RECOGNIZED IN 1982 AND WERE ONE OF THE FIRST TO SECURE TRIBAL INDIAN COMMUNITIES.
THE DEATH VALLEY INDIAN COMMUNITY WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1982. THEY HAD ABOUT 200 MEMBERS. THEY STILL FACED CONFLICT IN REGAINING THEIR TRIBAL LANDS IN THE PARK. BY 2000 THE PARK RETURNED TO 7500 ACRES OF THEIR HOMELANDS TO THE TRIBE. TODAY THEY HAVE ABOUT 300 MEMBERS.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
THE DEATH VALLEY INDIAN COMMUNITY WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1982. THEY HAD ABOUT 200 MEMBERS. THEY STILL FACED CONFLICT IN REGAINING THEIR TRIBAL LANDS IN THE PARK. BY 2000 THE PARK RETURNED TO 7500 ACRES OF THEIR HOMELANDS TO THE TRIBE. TODAY THEY HAVE ABOUT 300 MEMBERS.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
SOUTHERN PAIUTES
THESE PIAUTES SPOKE NUMIC LANGUAGE OF THE THE UTO - AZTECAN. THEY WERE FORAGERS FOR THE MOST PART AND HAD UNFRIENDLY RELATIONS WITH THEIR NEIGHBORING UTES. THEY WERE FRIENDLY TO THE WESTERN SHOSHONI. THE SPANISH TRAIL DOCUMENTS HAD A STRONG IMPACT ON THE SOUTHERN PAIUTES. THEY REFUSED TO JOIN THE UTES ON THE UINTAH RESERVATION. SEYMORE BELIEVES THAT PEOPLE WHO OCCUPIED PREHISTORIC SITES IN THIS VALLEY NEAR LAS VEGAS PRACTICED SOME AGRICULTURE. A SITE TESTED IN THE LAS VEGAS VALLEY HAS ETHNOHISTORIC AND HISTORIC COMPONENTS. THIS SITE HELPS EXPLAIN THE FUTURE OF MANY EARLY DIARISTS WHO RECORDED THE NATURE OF NATIVE PEOPLE IN THE VALLEY. IN THE LATE 1800'S THE PAIUTES WHO WERE ENCOUNTERED LIVED IN AT RANCHERIAS AND RAISED CROPS OF GRAIN, POTATOES AND MANY MELONS. AT BIG SPRINGS THEY FOUND SOUTHERN PAIUTE MATERIALS ABOVE ANASAZI MATERIALS.
IN 1855 A STRONG NEGATIVE INFLUENCE TO THE SPANISH WAS FROM THE PAIUTES. AFTER 20 YEARS OF MORMON SETTLEMENT THE SOUTHERN PAIUTES BANISHED TO THE MOAPA RESERVATION.
MOHAVEDESERT.NET
IN 1855 A STRONG NEGATIVE INFLUENCE TO THE SPANISH WAS FROM THE PAIUTES. AFTER 20 YEARS OF MORMON SETTLEMENT THE SOUTHERN PAIUTES BANISHED TO THE MOAPA RESERVATION.
MOHAVEDESERT.NET
Monday, May 2, 2011
WINNEBAGO INDIANS
THESE FOLKS LIVE IN WISCONSIN AND ILLINOIS. THERE ARE TWO FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED HO CHUNK - HO CHUNK OF WISCONSIN AND WINNEBAGO OF NEBRASKA. WINNEBAGO MEANS PEOPLE OF THE STINKING WATER. PERHAPS THEY WERE REFERRING TO THE STAGNANT WATERS OF THE GREEN BAY. THEIR ORIGIN IS BELIEVED TO BE FROM THE SALT WATER SEAS TO THE NORTH. HO CHUNK TRANSLATES AS FISH EATERS. JEAN NICOLET WAS THE FIRST TO CONTACT THEM IN 1634. THEY PRACTICED CORN AGRICULTURE AND HUNTING. THEY FISHED ON THE GREEN BAY. THEIR ELDERS SUGGEST THEIR PREHISTORY IS CONNECTED TO MOUND BUILDERS OF THE REGION. HO CHUNKS SPEAK OF THEIR HOMELAND AS INCLUDING WISCONSIN, MINNESOTA, AND IOWA.
JEAN NICOLET REPORTED 5 WARRIORS ENTERTAINED HIM AND ESTABLISHED THEIR POPULATION OF 8 - 20,000 IN 1634. BETWEEN THIS AND THE TIME OF THE RETURN OF FUR TRAPPERS IN THE LATE IN THE 1650'S THE POPULATION WAS REDUCED DRASTICALLY. THEY LOST THEIR DOMINANCE AS NUMEROUS ALGONQUIN TRIBES MOVED IN. THREE REASONS FOR POPULATION DECLINE :1) SEVERAL HUNDRED WARRIORS, 2) THEY BATTLED AGAINST SAUK, 3) THEY SUFFERED FROM A DISEASE SUCH AS SMALLPOX.
THERE WAS A SERIES OF MOVES THE GOVERNMENT IN THE 1800'S MADE. THE WINNEBAGOS MOVED TO WISCONSIN, MINNESOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND NEBRASKA. MANY FOLKS RETURNED TO THE PREVIOUS HOMES. THE GOVERNMENT FINALLY ALLOWED THE WISCONSIN WINNEBAGO TO HOMESTEAD. THE HO CHUNKS ARE HEAD IN BLACK RIVER FALLS, WISCONSIN. THEY HAVE 6000 MEMBERS IN 2001. THEY OWN 4600 ACRES IN WISCONSIN. AND MINNESOTA. THEY HAVE BUILT MANY CASINOS.
THEY HAVE A RESERVATION IN NORTHEAST NEBRASKA. THEIR LARGEST RESERVATION IS IN THE VILLAGE OF WINNEBAGO IN EMERSON, NEBRASKA.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
JEAN NICOLET REPORTED 5 WARRIORS ENTERTAINED HIM AND ESTABLISHED THEIR POPULATION OF 8 - 20,000 IN 1634. BETWEEN THIS AND THE TIME OF THE RETURN OF FUR TRAPPERS IN THE LATE IN THE 1650'S THE POPULATION WAS REDUCED DRASTICALLY. THEY LOST THEIR DOMINANCE AS NUMEROUS ALGONQUIN TRIBES MOVED IN. THREE REASONS FOR POPULATION DECLINE :1) SEVERAL HUNDRED WARRIORS, 2) THEY BATTLED AGAINST SAUK, 3) THEY SUFFERED FROM A DISEASE SUCH AS SMALLPOX.
THERE WAS A SERIES OF MOVES THE GOVERNMENT IN THE 1800'S MADE. THE WINNEBAGOS MOVED TO WISCONSIN, MINNESOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND NEBRASKA. MANY FOLKS RETURNED TO THE PREVIOUS HOMES. THE GOVERNMENT FINALLY ALLOWED THE WISCONSIN WINNEBAGO TO HOMESTEAD. THE HO CHUNKS ARE HEAD IN BLACK RIVER FALLS, WISCONSIN. THEY HAVE 6000 MEMBERS IN 2001. THEY OWN 4600 ACRES IN WISCONSIN. AND MINNESOTA. THEY HAVE BUILT MANY CASINOS.
THEY HAVE A RESERVATION IN NORTHEAST NEBRASKA. THEIR LARGEST RESERVATION IS IN THE VILLAGE OF WINNEBAGO IN EMERSON, NEBRASKA.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
MENOMONEE INDIANS
THIS TRIBE AND THE HO CHUNK ARE THE ONLY TRIBES INDIGENOUS TO WISCONSIN. THEIR NAMES COME FROM OJIBWAY AND MEANS "WILD RICE PEOPLE", ONE OF THEIR STAPLES. THEY HAVE A RESERVATION IN NORTHEAST WISCONSIN AND TRIBAL OFFICE IN KESHENA. THE RESERVATION HAS 3000 MEMBERS AND NON RESERVATION MEMBERS ARE 4500.
IN 1854 THE RESERVATION WAS CREATED ON THE WOLF RIVER. THE TRIBE FORMERLY LIVED IN UPPER MICHIGAN BY MACKINAC. AFTER THE MENOMINEE HELPED THE BRITISH AND CANADIANS DEFEAT INVADING AMERICANS AT THE BATTLE OF MACKINAC ISLAND THEY SOLD THEIR LANDS TO THE U S GOVERNMENT THROUGH 9 TREATIES FROM 1821 TO 1848. THEN THEY MOVED TO THEIR PRESENT RESERVATION. THEY ARE EASTERN WOODLAND AND BELONG IN THE ALGONQUIN
LANGUAGE BRANCH. THEY PREVIOUSLY GATHERED A WIDE VARIETY OF PLANTS AND WILD RICE, AND HUNTED ANIMALS AND STURGEON. THEY HAD FIVE CLANS - BEAR, EAGLE, THE WOLF, THE CRANE AND THE MOOSE.
DURING THE 40'S THE MENOMINEE WERE IDENTIFIED FOR TERMINATION. AS WERE THE KLAMATH IN OREGON. THE MENOMINEE WERE CHOSEN BECAUSE THE BIA BELIEVED THEY WERE SUFFICIENTLY AND ECONOMICALLY SELF RELIANT ON THEIR TIMBER INDUSTRY. BY 1950 THEIR RESERVATION WAS TERMINATED. THEIR PROPERTY TO A CORPORATION. THIS PLAN WAS A FAILURE AS THE TRIBE HAD SUBSTANDARD LIVING QUARTERS AND THEY CLOSED THE HOSPITAL AND SOME SCHOOLS. THE TRIBAL INDUSTRIES COULD NOT SUSTAIN THEIR COMMUNITY. THEIR $10 MILLION TAX BASE DWINDLED TO $300,000 BY 1964. THEY LOBBIED TO CONGRESS TO RESTORE THEIR TRIBE AS A FEDERAL RECOGNIZED TRIBE AND WERE SUCCESSFUL. BY 1975 A TRIBAL CONSTITUTION WAS SIGNED BY NEW TRIBAL LEADERS.
THEY BELIEVED THE EARTH SEPARATED INTO UPPER AND LOWER WORLDS. THEIR MYTHOLOGIES ARE RICH! UPPER WORLD WAS GOOD AND LOWER WORLD IS EVIL. THE SUN AND VARIOUS BIRDS OCCUPIED THE UPPER WORLD, WHILE THE LOWER LEVEL BELOW EARTH WAS OCCUPIED BY THE HORNED SERPENT. THE WHITE DEER OCCUPIED ANOTHER LEVEL AND WAS THE ORIGIN OF THE MEDICINE DANCE. THE NEXT LEVEL UNDERWATER PANTHER AND THE LOWEST LEVEL. RULED BY GREAT WHITE BEAR. THEY USED DREAMING AS A WAY OF CONNECTING WITH A GUARDIAN SPIRIT TO GAIN POWER. A YOUNG PERSON IN PUBERTY WOULD FAST AND A MEDICINE MAN WOULD INTERPRET THEIR DREAMS IN ANIMAL FORMS. AND IT GAVE THEM RESPONSIBILITIES.
CURRENTLY THEY HAVE A COMMUNITY COLLEGE. THEY ALSO BUILT A CASINO AND A HOTEL. THEY HAVE A NOTABLE FORESTRY RESOURCE DEPARTMENT. THEY MANAGE A $235000 ACRES AND SELL MUCH OF THEIR TIMBER.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
IN 1854 THE RESERVATION WAS CREATED ON THE WOLF RIVER. THE TRIBE FORMERLY LIVED IN UPPER MICHIGAN BY MACKINAC. AFTER THE MENOMINEE HELPED THE BRITISH AND CANADIANS DEFEAT INVADING AMERICANS AT THE BATTLE OF MACKINAC ISLAND THEY SOLD THEIR LANDS TO THE U S GOVERNMENT THROUGH 9 TREATIES FROM 1821 TO 1848. THEN THEY MOVED TO THEIR PRESENT RESERVATION. THEY ARE EASTERN WOODLAND AND BELONG IN THE ALGONQUIN
LANGUAGE BRANCH. THEY PREVIOUSLY GATHERED A WIDE VARIETY OF PLANTS AND WILD RICE, AND HUNTED ANIMALS AND STURGEON. THEY HAD FIVE CLANS - BEAR, EAGLE, THE WOLF, THE CRANE AND THE MOOSE.
DURING THE 40'S THE MENOMINEE WERE IDENTIFIED FOR TERMINATION. AS WERE THE KLAMATH IN OREGON. THE MENOMINEE WERE CHOSEN BECAUSE THE BIA BELIEVED THEY WERE SUFFICIENTLY AND ECONOMICALLY SELF RELIANT ON THEIR TIMBER INDUSTRY. BY 1950 THEIR RESERVATION WAS TERMINATED. THEIR PROPERTY TO A CORPORATION. THIS PLAN WAS A FAILURE AS THE TRIBE HAD SUBSTANDARD LIVING QUARTERS AND THEY CLOSED THE HOSPITAL AND SOME SCHOOLS. THE TRIBAL INDUSTRIES COULD NOT SUSTAIN THEIR COMMUNITY. THEIR $10 MILLION TAX BASE DWINDLED TO $300,000 BY 1964. THEY LOBBIED TO CONGRESS TO RESTORE THEIR TRIBE AS A FEDERAL RECOGNIZED TRIBE AND WERE SUCCESSFUL. BY 1975 A TRIBAL CONSTITUTION WAS SIGNED BY NEW TRIBAL LEADERS.
THEY BELIEVED THE EARTH SEPARATED INTO UPPER AND LOWER WORLDS. THEIR MYTHOLOGIES ARE RICH! UPPER WORLD WAS GOOD AND LOWER WORLD IS EVIL. THE SUN AND VARIOUS BIRDS OCCUPIED THE UPPER WORLD, WHILE THE LOWER LEVEL BELOW EARTH WAS OCCUPIED BY THE HORNED SERPENT. THE WHITE DEER OCCUPIED ANOTHER LEVEL AND WAS THE ORIGIN OF THE MEDICINE DANCE. THE NEXT LEVEL UNDERWATER PANTHER AND THE LOWEST LEVEL. RULED BY GREAT WHITE BEAR. THEY USED DREAMING AS A WAY OF CONNECTING WITH A GUARDIAN SPIRIT TO GAIN POWER. A YOUNG PERSON IN PUBERTY WOULD FAST AND A MEDICINE MAN WOULD INTERPRET THEIR DREAMS IN ANIMAL FORMS. AND IT GAVE THEM RESPONSIBILITIES.
CURRENTLY THEY HAVE A COMMUNITY COLLEGE. THEY ALSO BUILT A CASINO AND A HOTEL. THEY HAVE A NOTABLE FORESTRY RESOURCE DEPARTMENT. THEY MANAGE A $235000 ACRES AND SELL MUCH OF THEIR TIMBER.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
SONOMA COUNTY CHAMBER SINGERS
I ATTENDED THIS CHAMBER SINGERS THIS WEEKEND THAT HAD ABOUT 16 MEMBERS. THEY SANG AT AN UNUSUAL CHURCH BUILT LIKE A PYRAMID. THEY HAD MEMBERS RANGING FROM THEIR 20'S TO 70'S. MOST OF THE SONGS WERE SPIRITUAL AND MANY WERE SUNG IN LATIN, GERMAN, SERBIAN AND SPANISH. MANY OF THE SONGS WERE FROM THE 1500'S TO 1800'S.
GLOBAL DRUMMING CIRCLE WITH DAVID DI LULLO
I ATTENDED THE DRUM CIRCLE LAST SATURDAY NIGHT AT THE CENTER FOR SPIRITUAL LIVING. DAVID DILULLO WAS OUR LEADER AND ABOUT 70 OF US GRABBED A DRUM AND BEGAN DRUMMING IN A CIRCLE. AFTER ABOUT 5 MINUTES HE DIRECTED US TO CALM DOWN AND USED A BELL AND A DRUM STICK TO TEACH US HOW TO USE VARIOUS TYPES OF RHYTHMS. WE CONTINUED TO FOLLOW HIS TAPPING INSTRUCTIONS PRODUCING DIFFERENT RHYTHMS. WE SPENT SOME QUIET TIME LISTENING TO HIS MESSAGE ABOUT THE SPIRITUALITY OF OUR CIRCLE AND HOW DRUMMING HEALS OUR INNER CONSCIOUSNESS. HE TAPPED ON A LARGE CHINESE GONG THAT MADE ECHOING SOUNDS THAT RESONATED IN US. HE ASKED US TO PRAY FOR SOMEONE WHO IS LIVING OR SOMEONE WHO HAD DIED.
HE SPOKE ABOUT THE HISTORY OF DRUMMING AND TOLD US ABOUT ALL THE TYPES OF DRUMS THAT PEOPLE WERE USING. THE VOICE WAS THE FIRST INSTRUMENT TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, THEN THE DRUM, THEN THE FLUTE. THERE WAS A FLUTIST THERE AS WELL. AT ONE POINT WE SENT OUR NEGATIVITY TO THE CENTER OF THE EARTH. HE HAS COLLECTED ABOUT 100 DRUMS AND MANY PEOPLE BROUGHT THEIR OWN.
DAVID IS A PERCUSSIONIST AND IS THE MUSIC DIRECTOR OF THE SAN JOSE CENTER FOR SPIRITUAL LIVING. THE DRUMMING IS A WAY TO REDUCE STRESS, TO RELAX, AND TO INCREASE INNER AWARENESS. HE HAS 2000 PARTICIPANTS PER YEAR IN GLOBAL DRUM CIRCLES. HE HAS HAD 2000 PARTICIPANTS IN GLOBAL DRUM CIRCLES. HE WORKS WITH STOKE PATIENTS AND BRAIN INJURY PATIENTS. THEY FORM COMMUNITIES OF HEALING TO ENGAGE THEIR SPIRIT. SHAMANS USE DRUMS TO HEAL PEOPLE IN THEIR CEREMONIES BY TAKING THEM INTO A TRANCE. HISTORICALLY THEY WERE USED FOR RITES OF PASSAGE. TODAY PEOPLE GATHER IN CIRCLES AS IF THEY WERE IN AFRICA GATHERING AROUND A FIRE. SHAMANS CALL DRUMS THE CANOE THAT CARRIES YOUR CONSCIOUSNESS TO A SPIRITUAL STATE. STA
HE SPOKE ABOUT THE HISTORY OF DRUMMING AND TOLD US ABOUT ALL THE TYPES OF DRUMS THAT PEOPLE WERE USING. THE VOICE WAS THE FIRST INSTRUMENT TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, THEN THE DRUM, THEN THE FLUTE. THERE WAS A FLUTIST THERE AS WELL. AT ONE POINT WE SENT OUR NEGATIVITY TO THE CENTER OF THE EARTH. HE HAS COLLECTED ABOUT 100 DRUMS AND MANY PEOPLE BROUGHT THEIR OWN.
DAVID IS A PERCUSSIONIST AND IS THE MUSIC DIRECTOR OF THE SAN JOSE CENTER FOR SPIRITUAL LIVING. THE DRUMMING IS A WAY TO REDUCE STRESS, TO RELAX, AND TO INCREASE INNER AWARENESS. HE HAS 2000 PARTICIPANTS PER YEAR IN GLOBAL DRUM CIRCLES. HE HAS HAD 2000 PARTICIPANTS IN GLOBAL DRUM CIRCLES. HE WORKS WITH STOKE PATIENTS AND BRAIN INJURY PATIENTS. THEY FORM COMMUNITIES OF HEALING TO ENGAGE THEIR SPIRIT. SHAMANS USE DRUMS TO HEAL PEOPLE IN THEIR CEREMONIES BY TAKING THEM INTO A TRANCE. HISTORICALLY THEY WERE USED FOR RITES OF PASSAGE. TODAY PEOPLE GATHER IN CIRCLES AS IF THEY WERE IN AFRICA GATHERING AROUND A FIRE. SHAMANS CALL DRUMS THE CANOE THAT CARRIES YOUR CONSCIOUSNESS TO A SPIRITUAL STATE. STA
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