GUNWOK IS AN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL LANGUAGE IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA. SPEAKERS LIVE IN WESTERN ARNHEM LAND. THERE ARE PERHAPS 2000 FLUENT SPEAKERS BOUNDED BY THE STUART HIGHWAY TO THE WEST. THEY HAVE 3 DIALECTS.
KUNWINIKU IS TYPICAL OF LANGUAGES OF CENTRAL ARNHEM LAND.
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Monday, June 4, 2012
GUNDHMARA IN AUSTRALIA
GUNDHMARA AN INDIGENOUS GROUP IN WESTERN VICTORIA. THEIR NEIGHBORS TO THE WEST ARE AN INDIGENOUS GROWTH IN WESTERN VICTORIA. THEIR NEIGHBORS TO THE WEST,
THE BUANDIG, TO THE NORTH THEY WERE THE JARDWADIALI AND DJAB WURING PEOPLE.
THESE PEOPLE WERE RIVER AND LAKE PEOPLE. THEIR RIVER SYSTEMS WEREIMPORTANT SYSTEMS ECONOMICALLY AND SPIRITUALLY. THEY HAD A SOPHISTICATED SYTEM OF AQUACULTURE AND FARMING, AS WELL AS STONE DWELLINGS. THEY BUILT STONE DAMS TO HOLD WATER IN THESE CHANNELS. THEY GREW SHORT EELS AND OTHER FISH. THEY BUILT CHANNELS LINKING WETLANDS. THESE CHANNELS ARE CONTAINED, WEIRS OF WOVEN BASKETS TO HARVEST IN THE EELS.
IN 1833 THE WHALERS CLASHED WITH THE GUNCHAMARA AND NEIGHBORS AT PORTLAND BEACH. THEIR DISPUTE OF A BEACHED WHALE. THE GUNDY THREW SPEARS AND WHALERS FIRED GUNS. APPARENTLY MANY WERE KILLED WITH ONLY 2 ABORIGINES SURVIVING. AGAIN IN THE MID 19TH CENTURY THE ABORIGINES CONFLICTED W EUROPEANS. OVER 20 YEARS THE ENUMERALLA WAR TOOK PLACE AND THE REMAINSOF PEOPLE INVOLVED ARE AT DUUN MAAR.
IN THE LATE 1800'S MANY WERE MOVED TO THE FRANKLINGHAM ABORIGINAL STATION, A MISSION. IN 1987 THE ABORIGINES GOT 1130 ACRES OF FOREST TRUST. THE TITLE CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO ANOTHER INDIGENOUS LAND TRUST. IT PREVENTS MINING. IN 1993 THE THE GUNDITJMARA OF DEEN MARA PUT THERE LAND INTO AN INDIGENOUS PROTECTED AREA. THEY FOUGHT FIERCELY FOR RECOGNITION OF TRADITIONAL OWNERS RIGHTS. BY 2007 THEY RECEIVED FORMAL RECOGNITION THROUGH AUSTRAILIAN GOVERNMENTS ABORIGINAL LANDS. THE GUNDIT MARA ARE OWNERS OF 140,000 HECTARES RECOGNIZED BY FEDERAL COURT. THEIR PROPERTIES FEATURE THEIR AQUASYSTEM OF PERMANENT SETTLEMENT.
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THE BUANDIG, TO THE NORTH THEY WERE THE JARDWADIALI AND DJAB WURING PEOPLE.
THESE PEOPLE WERE RIVER AND LAKE PEOPLE. THEIR RIVER SYSTEMS WEREIMPORTANT SYSTEMS ECONOMICALLY AND SPIRITUALLY. THEY HAD A SOPHISTICATED SYTEM OF AQUACULTURE AND FARMING, AS WELL AS STONE DWELLINGS. THEY BUILT STONE DAMS TO HOLD WATER IN THESE CHANNELS. THEY GREW SHORT EELS AND OTHER FISH. THEY BUILT CHANNELS LINKING WETLANDS. THESE CHANNELS ARE CONTAINED, WEIRS OF WOVEN BASKETS TO HARVEST IN THE EELS.
IN 1833 THE WHALERS CLASHED WITH THE GUNCHAMARA AND NEIGHBORS AT PORTLAND BEACH. THEIR DISPUTE OF A BEACHED WHALE. THE GUNDY THREW SPEARS AND WHALERS FIRED GUNS. APPARENTLY MANY WERE KILLED WITH ONLY 2 ABORIGINES SURVIVING. AGAIN IN THE MID 19TH CENTURY THE ABORIGINES CONFLICTED W EUROPEANS. OVER 20 YEARS THE ENUMERALLA WAR TOOK PLACE AND THE REMAINSOF PEOPLE INVOLVED ARE AT DUUN MAAR.
IN THE LATE 1800'S MANY WERE MOVED TO THE FRANKLINGHAM ABORIGINAL STATION, A MISSION. IN 1987 THE ABORIGINES GOT 1130 ACRES OF FOREST TRUST. THE TITLE CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO ANOTHER INDIGENOUS LAND TRUST. IT PREVENTS MINING. IN 1993 THE THE GUNDITJMARA OF DEEN MARA PUT THERE LAND INTO AN INDIGENOUS PROTECTED AREA. THEY FOUGHT FIERCELY FOR RECOGNITION OF TRADITIONAL OWNERS RIGHTS. BY 2007 THEY RECEIVED FORMAL RECOGNITION THROUGH AUSTRAILIAN GOVERNMENTS ABORIGINAL LANDS. THE GUNDIT MARA ARE OWNERS OF 140,000 HECTARES RECOGNIZED BY FEDERAL COURT. THEIR PROPERTIES FEATURE THEIR AQUASYSTEM OF PERMANENT SETTLEMENT.
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Friday, June 1, 2012
THE GUSEAGAL IN AUSTRALIA
THE GUSEAGAL ARE A TRIBE IN SHARAWAL TRIBE IN OF INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS. THEIR LANDS ARE ON THE SOUTHERN SHORES OF BOTANY BAY AND KURMELL.
THE GUSEAGUL WERE CALLED FIRE CLAN. A CLAN HAD 20 - 350 FOLKS WHO LIVED AMONGST THEMSELVES. THEY HAD STRONG TIES TO THE LAND AND SACRED SITES. THEY HAD NO WRITTEN LANGUAGE. EARLY ON THEY LIVED WITHOUT CLOTHING. THEY HAD A HAIR SASH IN WHICH THEY CARRIED TOOLS.THEY SOMETIMES WORE A POSSUM SKIN COAT IN WINTER. THEY PUT RESIN IN THEIR HAIR TO GIVE IT A MOP LIKE APPEARANCE. THEY MADE FUR COATS OF ANIMAL SKINS. TOOL MAKERS CHOOSE TO GRIND AXES CLOSE TO POOLS, AS THE WATER WAS USED AS A LUBRICANT FOR GRINDING AND SHARPENING, THEY USED AN IGNEOUS OR METAMORPHIC ROCK . ONLY ONE OF THE ENDS WAS GROUND TO A BLADE. AXE GRINDING GROOVES ARE DATED TO 3,000 YEARS AGO.
THESE ABORIGINES ARE THE GUARDIANS OF THE SACRED WHITE CLAY. IT WAS CONSIDERED SACRED. THEY MADE WHITE PAINT FROM THE EARLY COLOR AND IT WAS ADDED TO THE WHITE CLAY. IT WAS CONSIDERED SACRED THEY MADE WHITE PAINT FROM THE CLAY. COLOR WAS ADDED TO THE CLAY USING BERRIES THAT MADE A COLORED PAINT. THE CLAY WAS USED AS AN ANTIACID AS MEDICINE. THEY PAINTED THEMSELVES FOR CEREMONIES. THEY ATE THE CLAY WITH BERRIES AS A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT.
CAVES HAD BEAUTIFUL AND COLORFUL PICTOGRAPHS THAT WERE AN IMPORTANT PART OF THEIR LIVES. THEY LIVED IN CAVES OR OVERHANGING SITES. IN 1789 MANY WERE VICTIMS OF SMALL POX. SOME CAVES WERE WERE USED AS BURIAL SITES. DURING SOME HEAVY RAINSTORM, THE PEOPLE WENT TO CAVES AND SOME CAVED IN TRAPPING THE PEOPLE. THE WALLS OF THESE CAVES WERE ADORNED WITH CARVINGS; SOME OF THEM WERE DESTROYED. THEY BUILT FIRES THERE AND SOME HAVE BEEN TEST EXCAVATED.
THE GUSEAGAL LAND HAD MUCH FISH. MEN AND WOMEN FISHED IN CANOES AND RIVERS AND THE OCEAN. THEY MADE HOOKS FROM SHELLS AND CAUGHT WATERFOWL. THEY COLLECT EDIBLE AND MEDICINAL PLANTS, BIRD EGGS, POSSUMS AND GOANNY WERE THEIR STAPLES. EVEN THOUGH THEY HAD ABUNDANT RESOURCES, THEY TOOK ONLY WHAT THEY IMMEDIATELY COULD USE. THESE FOLKS WERE LESS NOMADIC THAN THE NATIONS OF THE OUTBACK AUSTRALIA.
CAPTAIN COOK LANDED NEAR BOTANY BAY IN 1770. THE ABORIGINES HAD NOT SEEN ANY WHITE FOLKS BEFORE THIS AND THEY YELLED AND DEMONSTRATED SHOWING SIGNS OF AGGRESSION AND WEAPONS. AFTER 15 MINUTES THERE WAS AN EXCHANGE OF MUSKET FIRE AND SPEARS. ONE SHOT WOUNDED AN ABORIGINE. THEIR SPEARS WERE INEFFECTIVE AGAINST THE GUNS OF THE BRITISH. THEY FINALLY CAME ASHORE WITH GREAT DIFFICULTY TO BREED AND MAKE CONTACT.
BUT THEY HAD NO SUCCESS AND THE ABORIGINES AVOIDED THEM. THEY IGNORED THEM AND CAUGHT FISH ON THE SHORE. THEYCOULD WATCH HIS CREW WITH CAUTION. THE LOCALS DECIDED TO LET COOK'S FOLK USE THEIR SMALL AREA WITHOUT HOSTILITY.
AFTER RETURNING TO ENGLANDTHAT YEAR THEY BROUGHT SOME PLANTS AND ANIMALS AND CULTURAL ARTIFACTS 950 ABORIGINAL SPEARS FROM THE GUEAGAL. ARCHAEOLOGISTS SAY THE SPEARS ARE PRICELESS AS THEY ARE THE FEW ARTIFQCTS FROM COOK'S VOYAGE AND ARE STORED AT CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM.
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THE GUSEAGUL WERE CALLED FIRE CLAN. A CLAN HAD 20 - 350 FOLKS WHO LIVED AMONGST THEMSELVES. THEY HAD STRONG TIES TO THE LAND AND SACRED SITES. THEY HAD NO WRITTEN LANGUAGE. EARLY ON THEY LIVED WITHOUT CLOTHING. THEY HAD A HAIR SASH IN WHICH THEY CARRIED TOOLS.THEY SOMETIMES WORE A POSSUM SKIN COAT IN WINTER. THEY PUT RESIN IN THEIR HAIR TO GIVE IT A MOP LIKE APPEARANCE. THEY MADE FUR COATS OF ANIMAL SKINS. TOOL MAKERS CHOOSE TO GRIND AXES CLOSE TO POOLS, AS THE WATER WAS USED AS A LUBRICANT FOR GRINDING AND SHARPENING, THEY USED AN IGNEOUS OR METAMORPHIC ROCK . ONLY ONE OF THE ENDS WAS GROUND TO A BLADE. AXE GRINDING GROOVES ARE DATED TO 3,000 YEARS AGO.
THESE ABORIGINES ARE THE GUARDIANS OF THE SACRED WHITE CLAY. IT WAS CONSIDERED SACRED. THEY MADE WHITE PAINT FROM THE EARLY COLOR AND IT WAS ADDED TO THE WHITE CLAY. IT WAS CONSIDERED SACRED THEY MADE WHITE PAINT FROM THE CLAY. COLOR WAS ADDED TO THE CLAY USING BERRIES THAT MADE A COLORED PAINT. THE CLAY WAS USED AS AN ANTIACID AS MEDICINE. THEY PAINTED THEMSELVES FOR CEREMONIES. THEY ATE THE CLAY WITH BERRIES AS A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT.
CAVES HAD BEAUTIFUL AND COLORFUL PICTOGRAPHS THAT WERE AN IMPORTANT PART OF THEIR LIVES. THEY LIVED IN CAVES OR OVERHANGING SITES. IN 1789 MANY WERE VICTIMS OF SMALL POX. SOME CAVES WERE WERE USED AS BURIAL SITES. DURING SOME HEAVY RAINSTORM, THE PEOPLE WENT TO CAVES AND SOME CAVED IN TRAPPING THE PEOPLE. THE WALLS OF THESE CAVES WERE ADORNED WITH CARVINGS; SOME OF THEM WERE DESTROYED. THEY BUILT FIRES THERE AND SOME HAVE BEEN TEST EXCAVATED.
THE GUSEAGAL LAND HAD MUCH FISH. MEN AND WOMEN FISHED IN CANOES AND RIVERS AND THE OCEAN. THEY MADE HOOKS FROM SHELLS AND CAUGHT WATERFOWL. THEY COLLECT EDIBLE AND MEDICINAL PLANTS, BIRD EGGS, POSSUMS AND GOANNY WERE THEIR STAPLES. EVEN THOUGH THEY HAD ABUNDANT RESOURCES, THEY TOOK ONLY WHAT THEY IMMEDIATELY COULD USE. THESE FOLKS WERE LESS NOMADIC THAN THE NATIONS OF THE OUTBACK AUSTRALIA.
CAPTAIN COOK LANDED NEAR BOTANY BAY IN 1770. THE ABORIGINES HAD NOT SEEN ANY WHITE FOLKS BEFORE THIS AND THEY YELLED AND DEMONSTRATED SHOWING SIGNS OF AGGRESSION AND WEAPONS. AFTER 15 MINUTES THERE WAS AN EXCHANGE OF MUSKET FIRE AND SPEARS. ONE SHOT WOUNDED AN ABORIGINE. THEIR SPEARS WERE INEFFECTIVE AGAINST THE GUNS OF THE BRITISH. THEY FINALLY CAME ASHORE WITH GREAT DIFFICULTY TO BREED AND MAKE CONTACT.
BUT THEY HAD NO SUCCESS AND THE ABORIGINES AVOIDED THEM. THEY IGNORED THEM AND CAUGHT FISH ON THE SHORE. THEYCOULD WATCH HIS CREW WITH CAUTION. THE LOCALS DECIDED TO LET COOK'S FOLK USE THEIR SMALL AREA WITHOUT HOSTILITY.
AFTER RETURNING TO ENGLANDTHAT YEAR THEY BROUGHT SOME PLANTS AND ANIMALS AND CULTURAL ARTIFACTS 950 ABORIGINAL SPEARS FROM THE GUEAGAL. ARCHAEOLOGISTS SAY THE SPEARS ARE PRICELESS AS THEY ARE THE FEW ARTIFQCTS FROM COOK'S VOYAGE AND ARE STORED AT CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM.
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EORA IN AUSTRAILIA
THE EORA SURVIVED ON A GROUND THAT THEY BUILT HUTS AND IN A FAMILY GROUP OR CLANS SCATTERED ALONG COASTAL AREA, THEY LIVED IN CLANS AND FAMILIES ALONG SYDNEY BASED AREA AND IN SOUTH WALES. THE INDIGENOUS CALL THEMSELVES THE EORA, SIMPLY MEANING THE PEOPLE. THEY REVEALED A DEEP CONNECTION TO THE EARTH. THEY HAVE A HERITAGE SPANNING 1000 YEARS. ABOUT 70% DIED OF SMALL POX FROM FROM VIRUS AND DESTRUCTION.
THE EORA HAVE THREE MAIN CLANS. ADJOINING NEIGHBORS MAY HAVE 4 TO 5 MORE CL;ANS. ADJOINING NEIGHBORS ARE THARAWA LAND DARUG. THEIR TRADITIONAL WATERS AND LAND ARE SOUTH OF PORT JACKSON.
WHEN THE FIRST FLEET OF 1300 CONVICTS, GUARDS, AND ADMINISTRATORS CAME HERE IN 1788. THE EORA HAD 1500. THEIR LANGUAGE HAS BEEN RECONSTRUCTED FROM THE MANY NOTES MADE OF IT BY THE ORIGINAL COLONISTS. THEY GOT SMALLPOX, VIRUS AND REDUCED FOOD SOURCES ELIMINATED 70% OF THEM.
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THE EORA HAVE THREE MAIN CLANS. ADJOINING NEIGHBORS MAY HAVE 4 TO 5 MORE CL;ANS. ADJOINING NEIGHBORS ARE THARAWA LAND DARUG. THEIR TRADITIONAL WATERS AND LAND ARE SOUTH OF PORT JACKSON.
WHEN THE FIRST FLEET OF 1300 CONVICTS, GUARDS, AND ADMINISTRATORS CAME HERE IN 1788. THE EORA HAD 1500. THEIR LANGUAGE HAS BEEN RECONSTRUCTED FROM THE MANY NOTES MADE OF IT BY THE ORIGINAL COLONISTS. THEY GOT SMALLPOX, VIRUS AND REDUCED FOOD SOURCES ELIMINATED 70% OF THEM.
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DJARGURD WURRDING IN AUSTRAILIA
THE WURUUNGARE ARE INDIGENOUS AUSTRAILIANS WHO LIVE IN MOUNT EMMU CREEK. THEY HAD ABOUT 12 CLANS UNDER A MATRILINEAL SYSTEM WITH A DESCENT SYSTEM BASED ON COCKATOO MOIETES.
THESE DJGARD PEOPLE WERE HERE FOR 1000'S OF HERE OR 1000'S OF YEARS. THEY HAVE MANY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES THAT INCLUDE FISH TRAPS. SURFACE SCATTERS, MIDDEN AND BURIAL SITES.
BY THE TIME EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT HAPPENED IN 1830'S THE DJARGURD SUFFERED FROM MASSACRES FROM EUROPEAN SETTLERS. THEY WERE FORCED FROM THE LAND AND LED TO STARVATION.. IN 1839 THE CLAN WAS MASSACRED BY FRED TAYLOR AND OTHERS IN A SITE CALLED MURDERING GULLEY.
BY 1565 A NUMBER OF THIS TRIBE WERE FORCED TO RELOCATE. BUT ELDERS REFUSED TO ABANDONTHE TRADITIONAL COUNTRY. IN 1882 THEY BUILT A MEMORIAL TO THESE FOLKS AND IT IS INSPIRING TO THEM TODAY.
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THESE DJGARD PEOPLE WERE HERE FOR 1000'S OF HERE OR 1000'S OF YEARS. THEY HAVE MANY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES THAT INCLUDE FISH TRAPS. SURFACE SCATTERS, MIDDEN AND BURIAL SITES.
BY THE TIME EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT HAPPENED IN 1830'S THE DJARGURD SUFFERED FROM MASSACRES FROM EUROPEAN SETTLERS. THEY WERE FORCED FROM THE LAND AND LED TO STARVATION.. IN 1839 THE CLAN WAS MASSACRED BY FRED TAYLOR AND OTHERS IN A SITE CALLED MURDERING GULLEY.
BY 1565 A NUMBER OF THIS TRIBE WERE FORCED TO RELOCATE. BUT ELDERS REFUSED TO ABANDONTHE TRADITIONAL COUNTRY. IN 1882 THEY BUILT A MEMORIAL TO THESE FOLKS AND IT IS INSPIRING TO THEM TODAY.
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DJABUGAY IN AUSTRALIA
THESE FOLKS ARE A GROUP OF ABORIGINES WHO LIVE IN MOUNTAIN LANDS AND WATERS OF THE GREAT DIVIDE. THEY SHARE A COMMON DESCENT FROM ANCESTORS. THEY SHARE A COMMON DESCENT FROM ANCESRTORS WHO DATE BACK FROM ANCESTOR WHO DATE BACK TO TIME IMMEMEMORIAL. THEIR NAMES COME FROM THE HISTORIC DJABUGAY LANGUAGE OR DIALECTS. THEIR LANGUAGE WAS SPOKEN OVER A WIDENING AREA, EACH GROUP HAD A DIFFERENT DIALECT.
THEIR RELIGIOUS BELIEFIS AS FOLLOWS - THE SOURCE OF LIFE IS THE STORY. IT IS CALLED DREAMTIME. ALL IS FROM THE SUN, MOON, AND STARS, THEIR FOOD, THE CREATIONS OF THE WORLD, THE RAIN. BULLARU IS THE SOURCE OF LIFE. THE DIGABUGA ARE FROM BULLARU. DREAMTIME DESCRIBES THE EVENTS SURROUNDING THE WORLD.
THEIR CREATION ERA TALKS ABOUT THE MAKING OF THE WORLD. IT IS THE SACRED PAST. THEIR GREATEST ANCESTOR WAS OF ALL THE WORLD AND IS GUDJU. THEIR STORIES WERE PASSED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION. THEIR GREATEST ANCESTOR WAS OF ALL IS GUDJU. HE COULD TRANSFORM INTO ANCESTORS AS A CARPET OF SNAKES. ON A RAILWAY TO KURABNDA THEY TELL THE STORY OF GIANT CARPET SNAKES TO 10000'S OF VISITORS AS THEY TRAVEL TO THE SIDE OF BARRON. GORGE. BY 2004 THE FEDERAL COURT JUDGE DETERMINED WHEATHER OR NOT THE DYABUGAY PEOPLE LAWS ND THEIR SOURCE IN TRADITIONS PRECEDING ENGLISH SETTLEMENT HERE.
EUROPEAN SETTLERS EXPLORED AND CLEARED LAND FOR GOLD AND TIN IN 1880'S. A RAILROAD WAS CONSTRUCTED FROM CAIRN. THE DJABUGAY WERE UNHAPPY ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT. THEIR TRADITIONAL HUNTING GROUNDS WERE TKEN OVER.
IN 1890 THE DJUWAGAY WERE TAKEN TO A MONA MONA MISSION. THE WEREN'T ABLE TO HUNT, FIWSH, OR MOVE AROUND. THEY BECAME LABOROUS ON COFFEE PLANTATIONS. SOME NOW OWN THEIR OWN LAND. IN 2004 THEIR LAND WAS NAMED BARRON GORGE NATIONAL PARK.
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THEIR RELIGIOUS BELIEFIS AS FOLLOWS - THE SOURCE OF LIFE IS THE STORY. IT IS CALLED DREAMTIME. ALL IS FROM THE SUN, MOON, AND STARS, THEIR FOOD, THE CREATIONS OF THE WORLD, THE RAIN. BULLARU IS THE SOURCE OF LIFE. THE DIGABUGA ARE FROM BULLARU. DREAMTIME DESCRIBES THE EVENTS SURROUNDING THE WORLD.
THEIR CREATION ERA TALKS ABOUT THE MAKING OF THE WORLD. IT IS THE SACRED PAST. THEIR GREATEST ANCESTOR WAS OF ALL THE WORLD AND IS GUDJU. THEIR STORIES WERE PASSED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION. THEIR GREATEST ANCESTOR WAS OF ALL IS GUDJU. HE COULD TRANSFORM INTO ANCESTORS AS A CARPET OF SNAKES. ON A RAILWAY TO KURABNDA THEY TELL THE STORY OF GIANT CARPET SNAKES TO 10000'S OF VISITORS AS THEY TRAVEL TO THE SIDE OF BARRON. GORGE. BY 2004 THE FEDERAL COURT JUDGE DETERMINED WHEATHER OR NOT THE DYABUGAY PEOPLE LAWS ND THEIR SOURCE IN TRADITIONS PRECEDING ENGLISH SETTLEMENT HERE.
EUROPEAN SETTLERS EXPLORED AND CLEARED LAND FOR GOLD AND TIN IN 1880'S. A RAILROAD WAS CONSTRUCTED FROM CAIRN. THE DJABUGAY WERE UNHAPPY ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT. THEIR TRADITIONAL HUNTING GROUNDS WERE TKEN OVER.
IN 1890 THE DJUWAGAY WERE TAKEN TO A MONA MONA MISSION. THE WEREN'T ABLE TO HUNT, FIWSH, OR MOVE AROUND. THEY BECAME LABOROUS ON COFFEE PLANTATIONS. SOME NOW OWN THEIR OWN LAND. IN 2004 THEIR LAND WAS NAMED BARRON GORGE NATIONAL PARK.
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THE THARAWAL IN AUSTRALIA
THESE WERE THE FOLKS WHO LIVED IN SOUTHERN SYDNEY. IN 1788 EUROPEANS FIRST MET THEM. THE ROCK ART OF THE THARAWAL IS O=N SAND- PICTOGRAPHS OR STONE IN CHARCOAL AND RED ORCHE. THERE ARE MANY PAINTINGS IN 1990'S OF SURFACES - -OVERHANGS. THE PICTOGRAPHS ARE MARRED BY RECENT PEOPLE AND EOROPEAN GRAFFITI. THEY HAVE A PUBLIC VIEWING SITE AT JIBBON POINT. SOME ARE PETROGLYPHS OF WHALES AND A SEAL. THE WHALE IS SCARIFIED AND IS A TOTEMIC SPIRIT OF HIGH ESTEEM.
IT IS BELIEVED THAT THERE WERE NO REMAINING DECENDANTS OF THE DWAL PEOPLE. SOME OF THE WODI WODI CLAN WHO CLAIM TO HAVE SURVIVED THE DECIMATION MOVED BACK TO THE AREAS FORMALLY OCCUPIED.
THE THARAWAL LIVED MAINLY BY LOCAL LIVED MAINLY LOCAL PLANTS, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLE AND BY FISHING, AND GATHERING SHELLFISH AND GATHERING FISH PRODUCTS. THE MEN HUNTED MAMMALS. WOMEN COLLECTED NATIVE PLANTS AND FISHED AND BUILT CANOES. THEY LEFT MANY MIDDEN SITES.
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IT IS BELIEVED THAT THERE WERE NO REMAINING DECENDANTS OF THE DWAL PEOPLE. SOME OF THE WODI WODI CLAN WHO CLAIM TO HAVE SURVIVED THE DECIMATION MOVED BACK TO THE AREAS FORMALLY OCCUPIED.
THE THARAWAL LIVED MAINLY BY LOCAL LIVED MAINLY LOCAL PLANTS, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLE AND BY FISHING, AND GATHERING SHELLFISH AND GATHERING FISH PRODUCTS. THE MEN HUNTED MAMMALS. WOMEN COLLECTED NATIVE PLANTS AND FISHED AND BUILT CANOES. THEY LEFT MANY MIDDEN SITES.
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