YESTERDAY I WENT TO THIS FAIR WHERE THERE WERE ABOUT 100 VENDORS SELLING ALL TYPES OF NATIVE AMERICAN ITEMS, CD'S, DRUMS, FLUTES, MEXICAN ITEMS AND VARIOUS TYPES OF FRY BREAD AND WITH BEANS. THE DAY WAS COOL AND THEIR WAS SOME RAIN
IN THE AIR. IT FELT COMPLETELY DIFFERENT THAN THE PREVIOUS HOT DAY.
I USED MY CELL PHONE TO TAKE MANY PICTURESOF THE MANY POMO DANCERS. THE DANCERS INCLUDED SOME PART WAPPO AND MIXED POMO FOLKS. MANY HAD VARIOUS TYPES OF TATTOES. I HAD MET MANY OF THEM AT VARIOUS PLACES SUCH AS AT POINT R REYES AND ELEM AND ANDERSON MARSH. I MET A 22 YEAR OLD AZTEC GAL FROM COLLEGE WHO WANTED TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE BATIVES HERE SHE SAID SHE KNEW JUST A LITTLE AND IT SEEMED AS THOUGH THEIR MUST BE SO MUCH TO LEARN. I TOLD HER OUR ENTIRE HOUSE HAD BEEN SOLD AND PART OF MY STORY.
I DESCRIBED HOW THE POMO COSTUMES WERE MADE OF TURKEY FEATHERS AT THE BOTTOM FOR A SHORT SKIRT AND THEIR HEADRESSES WERE MADE OF RED FLICKER FEATHER WITH SOME TURKEY FEATHERS. THE MEN AND WOMEN WORE ABALONE JEWELRY THEY HAD OBTAINED FROM THE COAST OR TRADED WITH COAST MIWOK. THE MEN LEADING THE DANCERS DRUMMED AND BEAT ELDERBERRY CLAPPERS FOR SEVERAL HOURS, SWITCHING DANCE GROUPS FROM MIDDLETOWN TO ELEM.
THEY DANCED IN BARE FEET AND AS THE DAY GREW ON IT GOT A LITTLE WARMER.
I LEARNED FROM SOME WAPPO THAT THERE WERE ONLY 300 WAPPO MIXED BLOOD NATIVES LEFT. THEY HAVE A COUNCIL IN SANTA ROSA. THE CAMPUS HAD MANY POLICE AND WHO KNOWS WHY. ONE WAPPO ARTIST HAD EXPLAINED THAT HE DREW PENCIL PORTRAITS OF NATIVES VERY SIMILAR TO THE PHOTOS OF EDWARD CURTIS, WHOSE PHOTOS HE USED. HE ALSO TOLD ME THAT HE MAKES ELDERBERRY STICL CLAPPERS. THESE STIICKS MAK A RIVETING SOUND AND HAVE BEEN TRADITIONALLY USED FOR CENTURIES IF NOT PREHIOTORICALLY. HE MAKES THEM BY CUTTING THE TREE SECTION ABOUT 1 FOOT LONG AND LETTING THEM DRY FOR ABOUT A YEAR. THE USES A KNIFE TO FLAKE OFFTHE BARK. HE CUTS THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE STICK TO MAKE IT SPLIT IT OPEN AND CLOSED. HE USES A WOOD BURNING TOOL TO CUT DESIGNS. I REMET AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE OF MINE. I GUESS I SAW HER ABOUT 13 YEARS AGO. HER BABY WAS NOW 25 AND SHE WAS PART WAPPO. SHE HAD ASSISTED ME AT ANOTHER LOCATION WHERE I LEAD OUTDOOR HIKES FOR ADULT ED AT THE SRJC. SHE SAID SHE STILL WASN'T WORKING!I TOLD HWER I WAS A NATIVE POMO CHEROKEE SHAMAN.. SHE WAS A RELATIVE OF THE LAST WAPPO ELDER WHO KNEW THEIR LANGUAGE. HER DAUGHTER WAS THEIR SELLING HIP HOP CD'S AND MAGAZINES ABOUT THEIR CULTURE. SHE SHOWED MY GROUP HOW TO MAKE ROPE FROM A RARE FIBER.
SHE TOLD ME TO GET A TASTE OF THE ACORN SOUP THAT BEING MADE LIKE THE PREHISTORIC INDIANS MADE IT. LUCY PARKER FROM YOSEMITE WAS WEAVING BASKETS AND HELPED MAKE A BASKET FULL OF BLACK OAK ACORN SOUP. I GOT THE LAST SPOONFUL. IT REALLY HA NO SPECIFIC TASTE. IT REMINDED ME OF A MUSHROOM TYPE OF FLAVOR WITHOUT GRIT. CHRISTI, MY FRIEND, SAID SHE PUTS BERRIES IN IT. ACORNS ARE BELIEVED TO BE SPIRITUAL TO MOST CALIFORNIA NATIVES.
THE NEXT GROUP TO DANCE WERE AZTEC INDIANS WHO WERE BAREFOOT AND THEY HAD LARGE DEER FOOT NAILS AROUND THEIR ANKLES. THE WOMEN WORE SKIRTS AND THE MEN HAD SHORTS ON. THEY WERE MUCH MORE MUSCULAR THAN THE POMO. AFTER THE HOUR LONG DANCE THEY EXPLAINED SOME OF THEM WERE RUNNERS. THEIR HEADRESSES WERE MADE FROM BRIGHT COLORED PHASEANT FEATHERS. .THEY INVITED US TO DANCE ALONG WITH THEM. THAT WAS FUN AS WE TWISTED AND WENT IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS. . THEY MENTIONED THAT COYOTE IS OUT THERE. I ASKED THESE FOLKS ABOUT THE STICKS THEY WERE BURNING DURING THERE DANCE WHICH THEY DEDICATE TO THEIR ANCESTORS. SHE SAID IT WAS FROM A CERTAIN TYPE OF TREE LIKE A PINE, AND THEY COLLECTED THE SAP. IT IS CALLED COPAL.
ONE OF THE BASKETMAKERS WAS SUSAN BILLY WHO I HAD MET BEFORE IN UKIAH. SHE DIDN'T REMEMBER ME AND SHE SAID SHE ONLY HALF POMO. SHE WAS WEARING LIPSTICK AND HAD TOURQUISE AN A HOPI BRACELET ON. SHE SAID SHE LIKED THE SOUTHWEST. HER BOOTH WAS EXHIBITING SOME OF HER BASKETS. WE TALKED ABOUT THE RESTAURANT AT THE NATIVE MUSEUM IN WASHIGTON D.C. SHE SAID IT DIDN'T SEEM TO HAVE NATIVE AMERICAN FOODS EITHER.
THE DANCERS DO DANCING AS PART OF HEALING RITUALS HERE IN CALIFORNIA AND IN MOST OF THE TRIBES ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
THESE 8 DANCERS ARE BASED IN SAN FRANCISCO AND ENJOY WHAT THEY ARE DOING.
Monday, May 6, 2013
Friday, May 3, 2013
THE MEANING OF NATIVE AMERICAN TOTEMS
A TOTEM IS A BELIEF, BEING, OBJECT OR SYMBOL REPRESENTING AN ANIMAL OR PLANT THAT SERVES AS AN EMBLEM OF A GROUP OF PEOPLE OR A CLAN REMINDING THEM OF THEIR ANCESTRY. IN KINSHIP AND DESCENT OF THE TOTEM IS NONHUMAN. IT IS PART OF THEIR MYTH. MY TOTEM IS A DRAGONFLY. I MADE A LARGE CRAFTED DRAGONFLY OUT OF PAPER MACHE IN 6TH GRADE. I HAVE SEEN MANY IN 6TH GRADE. I HAVE SEEN MANY IN OHIO. AT A MUSEUM WE USE USED TO STUDY MANY BUTTERFLIES/DRAGONFLIES. THERE WERE MANY AT A POND
THE WORD TOTEM IS OBJIBWE IN ORIGIN AND ABORIGINAL IN CANADA HAVE SIMILAR BELIEFS. IT IS REFERRED TO SOMETHING RELATED. ACTUALLY THROUGHOUT THEWORLD MANY COUNTRIES HAVE THESE BELIEFS. SOME FOLKS HAVE ADOPTEDA PERSONAL SPIRIT HELPER THAT HAS SPECIAL MEANING TO THEM. THIS IS A NEW AGE MEANING. A TOTEM IS A NEW AGE MEANING. A TOTEM IS KINSHIP RELATED AND IS A RELIGIOUS BELIEF ASSOCIATED WITH SHAMANISM. IN THE 19TH CENTURY TOTEMISM WAS STUDIED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEORIES OF RELIGION PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES. EMILE DURKHEIM STUDIED AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES. AND THEIR SOCIAL GROUP WITH A SPIRITUAL TOTEM. SHE BELIEVED ALL HUMAN RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION IS FOUND IN IN RELATIONSHIP TO A GROUP. ANOTHER SCHOLAR FOUND THAT THOSE BELONGING TO THE SAME TOTEM REGARDED ONE ANOTHER AS BROTHERS AND SISTERS WITH OBLIGATIONS TO EACH OTHER. THE TOTEMIC CULTURES ARE BELIEVED TO BE OVER 10,000 YEARS OLD. THE TOTEM POLES MADE BY ABORIGINALS IN CANADA IN THE NORTHWEST AND CANADA ARE NOT TOTEMIC IN NATURE. THEY RECOUNT FAMILIES OR COMMEMORATE SPECIAL OCASSIONS.
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THE WORD TOTEM IS OBJIBWE IN ORIGIN AND ABORIGINAL IN CANADA HAVE SIMILAR BELIEFS. IT IS REFERRED TO SOMETHING RELATED. ACTUALLY THROUGHOUT THEWORLD MANY COUNTRIES HAVE THESE BELIEFS. SOME FOLKS HAVE ADOPTEDA PERSONAL SPIRIT HELPER THAT HAS SPECIAL MEANING TO THEM. THIS IS A NEW AGE MEANING. A TOTEM IS A NEW AGE MEANING. A TOTEM IS KINSHIP RELATED AND IS A RELIGIOUS BELIEF ASSOCIATED WITH SHAMANISM. IN THE 19TH CENTURY TOTEMISM WAS STUDIED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEORIES OF RELIGION PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES. EMILE DURKHEIM STUDIED AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES. AND THEIR SOCIAL GROUP WITH A SPIRITUAL TOTEM. SHE BELIEVED ALL HUMAN RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION IS FOUND IN IN RELATIONSHIP TO A GROUP. ANOTHER SCHOLAR FOUND THAT THOSE BELONGING TO THE SAME TOTEM REGARDED ONE ANOTHER AS BROTHERS AND SISTERS WITH OBLIGATIONS TO EACH OTHER. THE TOTEMIC CULTURES ARE BELIEVED TO BE OVER 10,000 YEARS OLD. THE TOTEM POLES MADE BY ABORIGINALS IN CANADA IN THE NORTHWEST AND CANADA ARE NOT TOTEMIC IN NATURE. THEY RECOUNT FAMILIES OR COMMEMORATE SPECIAL OCASSIONS.
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SWEDEN CULTURE
SWEDEN HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS LUTHERAN AND SELF RELIANT. BY THE 14TH CENTURY SWEDEN FINALLY ABOLISHED SLAVERY.PEASANTS WERE ABOUT 40% OF THE POPULATION. DENMARK AND NORWAY AND ENGLAND WERE THE GREATEST INFLUENCES HERE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. THERE ARE 25 PROVINCES IN SWEDEN EACH WITH VARIOUS CULTURES. THEY HAVE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES, THEY DIFFERENT DIALECTSAND ABOUT 9 MILLION FOLKS.HAVE DIFFERENT DIALECTS. SWEDISH FOOD IS PRACTICAL AND SUSTAINING. THEIR TYPICAL MEAL IS MEAT AND POTATOES AND VEGIS. THEY DRINK LOTS OF COFFEE! FISH IS A BIG DEAL HERE. BEER AND CIDER ARE ENJOYED. THEY HAVE A STATE MONOPOLY ON ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. THEY HAVE MANY SWEDISH FILMS AND THIS COUNTRY HAS MANY POPULAR MUSICIANS. THE OLDEST BUILDINGS ARE MADE OF STONE. THE EARLIST BUILDINGS DATE FROM THE 13TH CENTURY. WEOOD WAS USED IN PREHISTORIC TIMES.. A SET OF SYMBOLS IS LINKED TO SWEDEN'S AGRARIAN PAST. THEY HVE MAYPOLES, DANCES, PAINTED HORSES, AND CHRISTMAS FEASTS.THEY HAD DESIGNED SUBURBS AND IN CORPORATIONSPROJECTS OF GREAT ACCURACY. BY THE 1960'S SWEDEN LED FOREIGNERS TO NEW SWEDEN AS A FORERUNNER OF THE FUTURE.
IN SWEDEN PREHISTORIC SITES DATE TO 12 TO 10,000 YEARS B.C THEY HUNTED REINDEER AND DEVELOPED STONE AND IRON TOOLS. VIKINGS PLUNDERED AND TRAVELED BY SHIP UP THE RUSSIAN RIVER INTO WEST EUROPE BETWEEN 800 AND 1050 AD. BY THEN THE PROVINCES BEGAN TO BE UNITED INTO A SINGLE FEDERATED KINGDOM. THEY HAD A KING ELECTED IN 1523. HE PROMOTED LUTHERAN REFORMATION AND BULT A GERMAN SDMINISTRATION. THEIR ECONOMY WAS PRIMARILY AGRICULTURAL WITH IRON AND COPPER MINING.IN THE NEXT 250 YEARS SWEDEN HAD TRADE WITH DENMARK, RUSSIA, POLAND, AND NORWAY.
THE 19TH CENTURY BROUGHT PEACE AND MASS EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA. BY 1940'S THEIR ECONOMY ATTRACTED WORKED FROM EUROPE. THEY GAINED CITIZENSHIP. MANY PEOPLE WHO WANTED TO ESCAPED FROM WARS CAME HERE - FOLKS FROM HUNGARY, CHILE, VIETNAM AND OTHER PLACES WERE GRANTED A SAFE HAVEN. SOME OF THE THE 'NEW SWEDES' ARE CALLED IMMIGRANTS. SOCIAL CONCERNED CITIZENS AVOID DISTINCTION. THEY DESIGNED VIBRANT NEIGHBORHOODS, PARKS, HEALTH CLINICS, AND SHOPS. THEY HAVE CAMPAIGNS AGAINST DRUNK DRIVING.
MOST PEOPLE BY 1965 LIVE IN APARTMENTS IN CITIES, WHILE ONLY A MINORITY OWN THEIR OWN HOUSE. MANY HAVE SUMMER COTTAGES. THEIR FURNITURE DESIGN FEATURES SIMPLICITY PRACTICALITY. AND USE OF WOOD AND NATURAL FIBERS.
IN PUBLIC SPACES THEY RESPECT PEOPLES PUBLIC SPACES . THEY LIKE TO REMOVE SHOES BEFORE ENTERING A HOME . THEY HAVE A WIDE ARRAY OF CULINARY CHOICES AS PARTICULARLY SWEDISH. HOMELY FARE REFERS TOBASIC DIET OF POTATOES, MEAT OR FISH WITH SAUCE. THEY CAN ALSO USEA SMORGASBOARD. THEY HAVE BUFFETS OF HERRING, MEATS CHEESES AND VEGIS. HOT OR COLD LUNCHES ARE FOLLOWED BY EVENING SUPPER. DURING CEREMONIAL OCCASIONS THEY ALCOHOL.
LESS THAN 1/10TH OF THE LAND IS DEVOTED TO AGRICULTURE. THEY HAVE A LAW THAT ANYONE CAN CAMP ON PRIVATE PROPERTY. OWNERS CANNOT BARRACADE THEIR ESTATES. NATURAL RESOURCES REMAIN IMPORTANT. THEY HAVE A HIGHLY SKILLED WORKFORCE. THEIR GREATEST STRENGHTH IS IN HIGH TECH AND ENGINEERING. MANUEL LABOR IS HIGHLY PAID AND EDUCATION HAS SMALL MONEY OVER THAT.
THEY HAVE AN OMBUDSMEN WHO HEARS COMPLAINTS AND ENSURES THE LAW OF CITIZENS IS FOLLOWED. EVEN CHILDREN HAVE SPECIAL RIGHTS. VIOLENCE IS CONDEMNED AND GUNS ARE CAREFULLY REGULATED. THEY DO HAVE A WEAPONS INDUSTRY. 1000'S ENGAGE IN PEACEMAKING EFFORTS. THIS COUNTRY HAS THE LOWEST RATE OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION. THEY HAVE A STRONG MEANS TO RESPOND TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS. THEY HAVE A BIOG FEMALE MOVEMENT.
MARIAGE S BASED ON INDIVIDUAL CHOICE. MANY PARTNERS DON'T MARRY. PRTNERS RECEIVE PAIS LEAVE FROM WORK DURING PREGNANCY.
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IN SWEDEN PREHISTORIC SITES DATE TO 12 TO 10,000 YEARS B.C THEY HUNTED REINDEER AND DEVELOPED STONE AND IRON TOOLS. VIKINGS PLUNDERED AND TRAVELED BY SHIP UP THE RUSSIAN RIVER INTO WEST EUROPE BETWEEN 800 AND 1050 AD. BY THEN THE PROVINCES BEGAN TO BE UNITED INTO A SINGLE FEDERATED KINGDOM. THEY HAD A KING ELECTED IN 1523. HE PROMOTED LUTHERAN REFORMATION AND BULT A GERMAN SDMINISTRATION. THEIR ECONOMY WAS PRIMARILY AGRICULTURAL WITH IRON AND COPPER MINING.IN THE NEXT 250 YEARS SWEDEN HAD TRADE WITH DENMARK, RUSSIA, POLAND, AND NORWAY.
THE 19TH CENTURY BROUGHT PEACE AND MASS EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA. BY 1940'S THEIR ECONOMY ATTRACTED WORKED FROM EUROPE. THEY GAINED CITIZENSHIP. MANY PEOPLE WHO WANTED TO ESCAPED FROM WARS CAME HERE - FOLKS FROM HUNGARY, CHILE, VIETNAM AND OTHER PLACES WERE GRANTED A SAFE HAVEN. SOME OF THE THE 'NEW SWEDES' ARE CALLED IMMIGRANTS. SOCIAL CONCERNED CITIZENS AVOID DISTINCTION. THEY DESIGNED VIBRANT NEIGHBORHOODS, PARKS, HEALTH CLINICS, AND SHOPS. THEY HAVE CAMPAIGNS AGAINST DRUNK DRIVING.
MOST PEOPLE BY 1965 LIVE IN APARTMENTS IN CITIES, WHILE ONLY A MINORITY OWN THEIR OWN HOUSE. MANY HAVE SUMMER COTTAGES. THEIR FURNITURE DESIGN FEATURES SIMPLICITY PRACTICALITY. AND USE OF WOOD AND NATURAL FIBERS.
IN PUBLIC SPACES THEY RESPECT PEOPLES PUBLIC SPACES . THEY LIKE TO REMOVE SHOES BEFORE ENTERING A HOME . THEY HAVE A WIDE ARRAY OF CULINARY CHOICES AS PARTICULARLY SWEDISH. HOMELY FARE REFERS TOBASIC DIET OF POTATOES, MEAT OR FISH WITH SAUCE. THEY CAN ALSO USEA SMORGASBOARD. THEY HAVE BUFFETS OF HERRING, MEATS CHEESES AND VEGIS. HOT OR COLD LUNCHES ARE FOLLOWED BY EVENING SUPPER. DURING CEREMONIAL OCCASIONS THEY ALCOHOL.
LESS THAN 1/10TH OF THE LAND IS DEVOTED TO AGRICULTURE. THEY HAVE A LAW THAT ANYONE CAN CAMP ON PRIVATE PROPERTY. OWNERS CANNOT BARRACADE THEIR ESTATES. NATURAL RESOURCES REMAIN IMPORTANT. THEY HAVE A HIGHLY SKILLED WORKFORCE. THEIR GREATEST STRENGHTH IS IN HIGH TECH AND ENGINEERING. MANUEL LABOR IS HIGHLY PAID AND EDUCATION HAS SMALL MONEY OVER THAT.
THEY HAVE AN OMBUDSMEN WHO HEARS COMPLAINTS AND ENSURES THE LAW OF CITIZENS IS FOLLOWED. EVEN CHILDREN HAVE SPECIAL RIGHTS. VIOLENCE IS CONDEMNED AND GUNS ARE CAREFULLY REGULATED. THEY DO HAVE A WEAPONS INDUSTRY. 1000'S ENGAGE IN PEACEMAKING EFFORTS. THIS COUNTRY HAS THE LOWEST RATE OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION. THEY HAVE A STRONG MEANS TO RESPOND TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS. THEY HAVE A BIOG FEMALE MOVEMENT.
MARIAGE S BASED ON INDIVIDUAL CHOICE. MANY PARTNERS DON'T MARRY. PRTNERS RECEIVE PAIS LEAVE FROM WORK DURING PREGNANCY.
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NORWAY CULTURE
NORGE ORIGONALLY PERTAINED TO A REGION OF A COUNTRY BEFORE POLITICAL CONSOLIDATION. THEY HAD TWO INDIGENOUS GROUPS IN THE NORTH HAD A SEPARATE LANGUAGE. SOME PRACTICE REINDEER NOMADISM AND RANGE TO FINLAND. A SMALLER GYPSY POPULATION WAS PART OF THE THE OTHER WISE HOMOGENOUS POPULATION.
IN 1900'S THE WELCOMED IMMIGRANTS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES.
THEY HAVE AN ACUTE SENSE OF IDENTITY! THE NORWAY POPULATION HAS ABOUT 4 MILLION AND PROMOTES CULTURAL SHARING.. THE LENGTH OF NORWAY IS OVER 1000 MILES. IT IS A RUGGED MOUNTAINOUS LANDSCAPE. OPEN VALLEY HAVE BEEN PLANTED WITH GRAINS AND ROOT CROPS. FARMING AND FISHING HAS BEEN THE MAJOR OCCUPATION IN THIS REGION. THERE ARE REFUGEE TODAY CONCENTRATED IN AND AROUND LARGE CITIES TODAY.
THE MAJOR LANGUAGES SAMISK, BUKMEL, AND NYNORSK, GERMAN LANGUAGES. MYNORSK IS TO CREATE FROM PEASANT DIALECTS. THE FLAG , FOLK COSTUMES, THE LAND AND HOMES ARE SYMBOLS OF THEIR NATIONAL UNITY. ON THEIR CONSTITUTION DAY THEY CARRY SMALL FLAGS WITH 13 OFFICIAL FLAGS.
IN 1999 THE POPULATION GREW BY 7%. THE NATIONAL AFFIRMS A LOVE OF FOR THE LAND AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HOME. ENTERTAINING IS DONE AT HOME, FAMILY MEMBERS LIVE IN THE LOCAL AREA. EVERYONE ENGAGES IN OUTDOOR PURSUITS - SKIING, HIKING. AND BOATING. NORWEGIANS PRESERVE RATHER THAN TRANSFORM THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE. TO PRESERVE THE CULTURAL TRADITIONS OF THE LOCALITY THROUGH NUMEROUS FOLK MUSEUM. NORWAY CLAIMS THE HERITAGE OF EARLY NORSE SEAFARERS, EXPLORERS AND MERCHANTS FOR THE VIKINGMERCHANTS FOR THE VIKING AGE NORSE SEAFARERS, EXPLORERS AND MERCHANTS FOR THE VIKING AGE 793 TO 1050 A.D. IN THE 17TH CENTURY NORWAY WAS MOSTLY RURAL. SOME RELIGIOUS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS COLLECT TOPOGRAPHICAL AND NATIONAL HISTORY INCLUDING INFORMATION OF FOLK TALES, CUSTOMS, MYTHOLOGY, MUSIC, AND PEASANT CULTURES.
THE IDEA OF A NORWEGIAN CULTURE PIQUED THE IDEA OFWRITERS, PAINTERS, DRAMATISTS, MUSICIANS, AND RELIGIOUS LEADERS. THE CULTURE OF THE PEASANTS VARIED VARIED FROM THE ELITE. THE U.N. ASKED THE NORWAY TO EXPLAIN THE DELAY IN GIVING THE POPULATION TO DELAY IN GIVING THE POPULATION SELF DETERMINATION. THEY TRY TO KEEP RURAL PEOPLE FROM MOVING TO URBAN CENTERS BY PROVIDING MANY SERVICES TO THEM.
THEIR FOOD IS TYPICALLY A BROWN CHEESE THAT IS TH8INLY SLICED WITH BREAD. THEIR BREAKFAST INCLUDES LARGE MEATS, BREAD, FISH, COLD MEATS, EGGS, CHEES, YOGURT OR MILK.
LUNCH IS A SANDICH WITH FRUIT. THEIR DINNER IS A LARGE MEAL WITH BEEF, LAMB, CHICKEN OR WHALE AND POTATOES WITH ROOT VEGETABLES. BEER OR WINE IS DRUNK IN EVENINGS.
PIZZA AND HAMBURGERS ARE POPULAR . THEIR CONSUMPTION OF FATS HAS GONE DOWN IN THE LST 20 YEARS, AND THEY LIKE FISH BUT EAT IT LESS. THEY EATMORE PASTA AND RICE THAN USUAL NORWAY HAS HUNTED MINKE WHALES ALONG THE COAST.
THEY DEPEND ON TRADE FOR MANY GOODS. THEY HAVE HIGHLY SPECIALIZED SERVICE WITH ONLYA SMALL GROUP IN THE FARMING AND FISHING INDUSTRY.
CONFLICTS OVER FARM BOUNDRIES ARE PART OF FOLKLORE. HIKERS WALK IMPLANTED FARMLANDS.
THEY HAVE BUILT MANY SHIPS AND THEY ARE THE WORLD'S LEADING SHIP BUILDERS. THEY WERE EXPORT GOODS TO PARTNERS IN SWEDEN, GERMANY , ENGLANDNETHERLANDS, FRANCE AND THE U.S. MANUFACTURED GOODS COME FROM TRADE PARTNERS. THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS HAVE5 WEEKS OF VACATIONS PAY.
EACH DISTRICT IN DENMARK HAS A TRADITIONAL COSTUME. AFTER 1945 THEY DEVELOPED A SYSTEM FOR HEALTHCARE AND OLD AGE AND SINGLE PARENTS. 62% OF THE FOLKS ARE PART OF THE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATION. VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BEEB BASED ON UNPAID PARTICIPATION . RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS HAVE DECLINED. THEY HAVE DEVOTED MORE TIME TO RECREATIONAL SPORTS.
WOMEN ENTERED THE WORKFORCE IN LARGE NUMBERS DURING THE 70'S AND WERE INVOLVED IN UNPAID WORK. EDUCATION HERE IS GENDER NEUTRAL WITH THE GO OF GIVING EVERYONE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR SELK REALIZATION. IN THE 1980'S WOMEN ENTERED HIGHER EDUCATION IN LARGE NUMBERS.
MARRIAGES ARE MATCHED BECAUSE OF LOVE. ONLY 38% OF THE FOLKS ARE MARRIED AND DIVORCE HAS DEDOUBL;ED IN 20 YEARS. SO MANY WOMEN ARE WORKING OUTSIDE THE HOME. THE RURAL FARM FOCUSES ON MAINTAINING A HARMONIOUS UNIT. THREE GENERATION FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS ARE MORE COMMON IN RURAL AREAS. THE PARENTS OF BOTH FAMILIES COME TOGETHER FOR LIFE CRISIS CEREMONIES -BAPTISM, MARRIAGE DEATH.
PARENTS CAN LEAVE THEIR EMPLOYMENT FOR INFANT CARE. BABIES CAN SLEEP OUTDOORS IN A PRAM. SOME MOMS CARRY INFANTS CLOSE TO THEIR BREAST IN SLINGS. MANY PLACE INFANTS IN DAY CARE. THIS IS STILL CONTROVERSAL. THE CULTURE IS CHILD CENTERED. MANY CHILDREN ARE SOCIALIZED IN THESE FACILITIES.
BY BECOMING A MEMBER OF A CHURCH IT IS A RITE OF PASSAGE. GIRLS ARE GIVEN A FOLK COSTUME. AFTER 10 YEARS OF AGE THEY MAY GO TO UNIVERSITIES.
THREE GENERATIONS OF FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS ARE MORE COMMON IN RURAL AREAS. THE PARENTS OF BOTH FAMILIES COME HERE TOGETHER FOR LIFE CRISES CEREMONIES- BAPTISM, MARRIAGE AND DEATH.
PARENTS CAN LEAVE THEIR EMPLOYMENT FOR INFANT CARE. BABIES CAN SLEEP OUTDOORS IN A PRAM. SOME MOMS CARRY INFANTS CLOSE TO IN SLINGS.MANY PLACE INFANTS IN DAY CARE. THIS STILL CONTROVERSAL. THE CULTURE IN NORWAY IS CHILD CENTERED. MANY CHILDREN ARE SOCIALIZED IN THESE FACILITIES.
CONFIRMATION AS A MEMBER OF A CHURCH IS A RITE OF PASSAGE, GIRLS ARE GIVEN A FOLK COSTUME. AFTER 10 YEARS OF SCHOOLING CHILDREN MAY GO ON TO UNIVERSITIES,
PEOPLE MAY BE RESERVED AMONG STRANGERS BUT WARM ONCE RELATIONSHIPS ARE ESTABLISHEED. COMPETITION IS DOWNPLAYED.
BY 994 AD THEIR KING BROUGHT CHRITIANITY HERE. IN 1536 THE REFORMATION BROUGHT MORE EMPLASIS HERE ON PERSONAL SPACE. BY 1814 LUTHERAN RELIGION WAS NAMED THE MAIN RELIGION. THEY HAVE OTHER OTHER RELIGIOUS GROUPS. NOWAY IS ONE OF THE HEALTHIEST COUNTRIES WITH AVERAGE AGE OF 74. THEY HAVE A NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEME. MANY OF THEIR THEIR COLLAGES FOCUS ON SCIENCES AND OIL EXTRACTION.
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IN 1900'S THE WELCOMED IMMIGRANTS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES.
THEY HAVE AN ACUTE SENSE OF IDENTITY! THE NORWAY POPULATION HAS ABOUT 4 MILLION AND PROMOTES CULTURAL SHARING.. THE LENGTH OF NORWAY IS OVER 1000 MILES. IT IS A RUGGED MOUNTAINOUS LANDSCAPE. OPEN VALLEY HAVE BEEN PLANTED WITH GRAINS AND ROOT CROPS. FARMING AND FISHING HAS BEEN THE MAJOR OCCUPATION IN THIS REGION. THERE ARE REFUGEE TODAY CONCENTRATED IN AND AROUND LARGE CITIES TODAY.
THE MAJOR LANGUAGES SAMISK, BUKMEL, AND NYNORSK, GERMAN LANGUAGES. MYNORSK IS TO CREATE FROM PEASANT DIALECTS. THE FLAG , FOLK COSTUMES, THE LAND AND HOMES ARE SYMBOLS OF THEIR NATIONAL UNITY. ON THEIR CONSTITUTION DAY THEY CARRY SMALL FLAGS WITH 13 OFFICIAL FLAGS.
IN 1999 THE POPULATION GREW BY 7%. THE NATIONAL AFFIRMS A LOVE OF FOR THE LAND AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HOME. ENTERTAINING IS DONE AT HOME, FAMILY MEMBERS LIVE IN THE LOCAL AREA. EVERYONE ENGAGES IN OUTDOOR PURSUITS - SKIING, HIKING. AND BOATING. NORWEGIANS PRESERVE RATHER THAN TRANSFORM THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE. TO PRESERVE THE CULTURAL TRADITIONS OF THE LOCALITY THROUGH NUMEROUS FOLK MUSEUM. NORWAY CLAIMS THE HERITAGE OF EARLY NORSE SEAFARERS, EXPLORERS AND MERCHANTS FOR THE VIKINGMERCHANTS FOR THE VIKING AGE NORSE SEAFARERS, EXPLORERS AND MERCHANTS FOR THE VIKING AGE 793 TO 1050 A.D. IN THE 17TH CENTURY NORWAY WAS MOSTLY RURAL. SOME RELIGIOUS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS COLLECT TOPOGRAPHICAL AND NATIONAL HISTORY INCLUDING INFORMATION OF FOLK TALES, CUSTOMS, MYTHOLOGY, MUSIC, AND PEASANT CULTURES.
THE IDEA OF A NORWEGIAN CULTURE PIQUED THE IDEA OFWRITERS, PAINTERS, DRAMATISTS, MUSICIANS, AND RELIGIOUS LEADERS. THE CULTURE OF THE PEASANTS VARIED VARIED FROM THE ELITE. THE U.N. ASKED THE NORWAY TO EXPLAIN THE DELAY IN GIVING THE POPULATION TO DELAY IN GIVING THE POPULATION SELF DETERMINATION. THEY TRY TO KEEP RURAL PEOPLE FROM MOVING TO URBAN CENTERS BY PROVIDING MANY SERVICES TO THEM.
THEIR FOOD IS TYPICALLY A BROWN CHEESE THAT IS TH8INLY SLICED WITH BREAD. THEIR BREAKFAST INCLUDES LARGE MEATS, BREAD, FISH, COLD MEATS, EGGS, CHEES, YOGURT OR MILK.
LUNCH IS A SANDICH WITH FRUIT. THEIR DINNER IS A LARGE MEAL WITH BEEF, LAMB, CHICKEN OR WHALE AND POTATOES WITH ROOT VEGETABLES. BEER OR WINE IS DRUNK IN EVENINGS.
PIZZA AND HAMBURGERS ARE POPULAR . THEIR CONSUMPTION OF FATS HAS GONE DOWN IN THE LST 20 YEARS, AND THEY LIKE FISH BUT EAT IT LESS. THEY EATMORE PASTA AND RICE THAN USUAL NORWAY HAS HUNTED MINKE WHALES ALONG THE COAST.
THEY DEPEND ON TRADE FOR MANY GOODS. THEY HAVE HIGHLY SPECIALIZED SERVICE WITH ONLYA SMALL GROUP IN THE FARMING AND FISHING INDUSTRY.
CONFLICTS OVER FARM BOUNDRIES ARE PART OF FOLKLORE. HIKERS WALK IMPLANTED FARMLANDS.
THEY HAVE BUILT MANY SHIPS AND THEY ARE THE WORLD'S LEADING SHIP BUILDERS. THEY WERE EXPORT GOODS TO PARTNERS IN SWEDEN, GERMANY , ENGLANDNETHERLANDS, FRANCE AND THE U.S. MANUFACTURED GOODS COME FROM TRADE PARTNERS. THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS HAVE5 WEEKS OF VACATIONS PAY.
EACH DISTRICT IN DENMARK HAS A TRADITIONAL COSTUME. AFTER 1945 THEY DEVELOPED A SYSTEM FOR HEALTHCARE AND OLD AGE AND SINGLE PARENTS. 62% OF THE FOLKS ARE PART OF THE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATION. VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BEEB BASED ON UNPAID PARTICIPATION . RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS HAVE DECLINED. THEY HAVE DEVOTED MORE TIME TO RECREATIONAL SPORTS.
WOMEN ENTERED THE WORKFORCE IN LARGE NUMBERS DURING THE 70'S AND WERE INVOLVED IN UNPAID WORK. EDUCATION HERE IS GENDER NEUTRAL WITH THE GO OF GIVING EVERYONE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR SELK REALIZATION. IN THE 1980'S WOMEN ENTERED HIGHER EDUCATION IN LARGE NUMBERS.
MARRIAGES ARE MATCHED BECAUSE OF LOVE. ONLY 38% OF THE FOLKS ARE MARRIED AND DIVORCE HAS DEDOUBL;ED IN 20 YEARS. SO MANY WOMEN ARE WORKING OUTSIDE THE HOME. THE RURAL FARM FOCUSES ON MAINTAINING A HARMONIOUS UNIT. THREE GENERATION FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS ARE MORE COMMON IN RURAL AREAS. THE PARENTS OF BOTH FAMILIES COME TOGETHER FOR LIFE CRISIS CEREMONIES -BAPTISM, MARRIAGE DEATH.
PARENTS CAN LEAVE THEIR EMPLOYMENT FOR INFANT CARE. BABIES CAN SLEEP OUTDOORS IN A PRAM. SOME MOMS CARRY INFANTS CLOSE TO THEIR BREAST IN SLINGS. MANY PLACE INFANTS IN DAY CARE. THIS IS STILL CONTROVERSAL. THE CULTURE IS CHILD CENTERED. MANY CHILDREN ARE SOCIALIZED IN THESE FACILITIES.
BY BECOMING A MEMBER OF A CHURCH IT IS A RITE OF PASSAGE. GIRLS ARE GIVEN A FOLK COSTUME. AFTER 10 YEARS OF AGE THEY MAY GO TO UNIVERSITIES.
THREE GENERATIONS OF FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS ARE MORE COMMON IN RURAL AREAS. THE PARENTS OF BOTH FAMILIES COME HERE TOGETHER FOR LIFE CRISES CEREMONIES- BAPTISM, MARRIAGE AND DEATH.
PARENTS CAN LEAVE THEIR EMPLOYMENT FOR INFANT CARE. BABIES CAN SLEEP OUTDOORS IN A PRAM. SOME MOMS CARRY INFANTS CLOSE TO IN SLINGS.MANY PLACE INFANTS IN DAY CARE. THIS STILL CONTROVERSAL. THE CULTURE IN NORWAY IS CHILD CENTERED. MANY CHILDREN ARE SOCIALIZED IN THESE FACILITIES.
CONFIRMATION AS A MEMBER OF A CHURCH IS A RITE OF PASSAGE, GIRLS ARE GIVEN A FOLK COSTUME. AFTER 10 YEARS OF SCHOOLING CHILDREN MAY GO ON TO UNIVERSITIES,
PEOPLE MAY BE RESERVED AMONG STRANGERS BUT WARM ONCE RELATIONSHIPS ARE ESTABLISHEED. COMPETITION IS DOWNPLAYED.
BY 994 AD THEIR KING BROUGHT CHRITIANITY HERE. IN 1536 THE REFORMATION BROUGHT MORE EMPLASIS HERE ON PERSONAL SPACE. BY 1814 LUTHERAN RELIGION WAS NAMED THE MAIN RELIGION. THEY HAVE OTHER OTHER RELIGIOUS GROUPS. NOWAY IS ONE OF THE HEALTHIEST COUNTRIES WITH AVERAGE AGE OF 74. THEY HAVE A NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEME. MANY OF THEIR THEIR COLLAGES FOCUS ON SCIENCES AND OIL EXTRACTION.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
Wednesday, May 1, 2013
AYERS ROCK, AUSTRAILIA
AYERS ROCK IS A LARGE SANDSTONE ROCK IN CENTRAL AUSTRAILIA. ULURA IS SACRED TO ANANGU. AROUND THE ROCK ARE MANY SPRINGS, ROCK CAVES, AND ANCIENT PETROGLYPHS AND PICTOGRAPHS,
THE ABORIGINESE CALL THIS PLACE ULURU. IN 1873 IT WAS NAMED BY CHIEF SECRETERY IN AUSTRAILIA. AYERS ROCK IS AUSTRALIA'S MOST RECOGNIZABLE LANDS MARKS. IT IS A 350 MAD MANY FOLKS CLIMB IT. THE ABORIGINES LEAD WALKING TOURS TO INFORM VISITORS. THIS LARGE ROCK IS NOTED FOR CHANGINGCOLORS AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE DAYS AND AT SUNSET.
THIS ROCK IS IS A STRANGE GEOLOGICFORMATION AS IT HAS LOW DESERT ALL aROUND IT. IT IS CALLED A MONOLITH, THE SANDSTONE LACKS BEDDING SURFACES THROUGH WEATHERING IRON BEARING INERALS IN THE PROICESS OF OXIDATION THE COLOR OF SANDSTONE IS REDBROWN RUSTY.
46 SPECIES OF MAMMALS LIVE NEAR THIS ROCK. AS AUSTRALIA IS KNOWN FOR THE WALLABY IT IS HERE. OTHER ANIMALS ARE POSSUM, BILBY, AND BETTONG, MOLES, AND DESERT SKINK. THEY HAVE MANY BATS AND SMALL CAVES. THEIR ARE MANY REPTILES. ABORIGINALS HUNT KANAROO, TURKEY, EMU AND LIZARDS. THEY COLLECT MANY PLANTS FOR FOOD AND CEREMONIES. MANY PLANTS ARE ASSOXIATED WITH ANCESTRAL BEINGS. THEY HAVE PUNI TREES, PUTI SEEDS BLOODWOOD IS USED TO MAKE SPEARS, PROJECTILE VOMITING, BOOMERANGS, ITS SAP IS USED FOR COLDS,
SINCE EUROPEANS CAME HEY HAVE 34 EZOTIC PLANT SPECIES HERE, TO REDUCE EROSIONTHEY USED BUFFEL GRASS WHICH WAS MISTAKE! IT HAS BECOME A THREATENING WEED. THE AREA HAS 11" OF RAIN PER YEAQR. IN SUMMER IT IS 100 DEGREES AND IN WINTER IT IS 41 DEGREES. THE ABORIGIBALS HAVE 5 SEAONS.
THE ABORIGINAL LEGENDS SAY THE WORLD WAS ONCE FEATURELESS PLACE. ONE OF THE PLACES WE KNOW EXISTED UNTIL THE CREATOR BROUGHT PEOPLE PLANTS AND ANIMALS. IN A PROCESS THEY FARMED THE LANDSCAPE WE KNOW TODAY. TODAY THIS LAND IS USED BY ANCESTRAL SPIRITS THAT THE CREATOR MADE.
ANOTHER MYTH STATES THAT DURING CREATION PERIOD W BOYS [LAYED IN THE MUD AFTER THE RAIN. THEY BEGAN FIGHTING TOGETHER WHEN TWO BOYS CAME TO MOUNT CONNER WHERE THEIR BODIES ARE PRESERVED.
IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT THOSE WHO TAKE ROCKS WILL BE CURSED AND SUFFER MISFORTUNE. SAME THING IS SAID IN HAWAII. ARCHAEOLOGISTS STATE THE AREA HAS BEEN SETTLED FOR 10,000 YEARS. EUROPEANS CAME IN 1890'S AND THEY MAPPED THE AREA AS WELL. IN THE LATE 1900'S THE AREA HAD A DROUGHT AND THIS MADE FOR FREQUENT ARGUMENTS BETWEEN ANGLOS AND ABORIGINALS. BUSH FOOD STOPRES WERE DEPLETED. THEY HAD POLICE PATROLS. IN THE 1930'S DEPRESSION THE ABORIGINALS STARTED EATING ANGLO FOODS. BY 1920 ULURU WAS AN ABORIGINAL RESERVE. BY 1936 TOURISTS CAME. BY 1948 THEY BEGANSOME ROADS. BY 1960 THEY STARTED BUILDING MOTELS. BEFORE 1985THE AUSTRALIAN GOIVERNMENT RETURNED ULURU TO THE NATIVES, BUT IT WAS JOINTLY MANAGED.
BY 2009 THEY BUILT ROADS AND 1 MILE OF WALKING TRAILS IN THE AREA. IT TAKES 1 HOUR TO HIKE UP THE MOUNTAIN. IT IS VERY WINDY ON THE TOP. BECAUSE IT IS SO SPIRITUAL THE ABORIGINALS DO NOT CLIMB IT. THEY ASK VISITORS NOT TO CLIMB AS IT PASSES A SACRED SITE. THEY ALSO FORBID TOURISTS TO NOT PHOTOGRAPH SOME AREAS OF THE MOUNTAIN.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
THE ABORIGINESE CALL THIS PLACE ULURU. IN 1873 IT WAS NAMED BY CHIEF SECRETERY IN AUSTRAILIA. AYERS ROCK IS AUSTRALIA'S MOST RECOGNIZABLE LANDS MARKS. IT IS A 350 MAD MANY FOLKS CLIMB IT. THE ABORIGINES LEAD WALKING TOURS TO INFORM VISITORS. THIS LARGE ROCK IS NOTED FOR CHANGINGCOLORS AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE DAYS AND AT SUNSET.
THIS ROCK IS IS A STRANGE GEOLOGICFORMATION AS IT HAS LOW DESERT ALL aROUND IT. IT IS CALLED A MONOLITH, THE SANDSTONE LACKS BEDDING SURFACES THROUGH WEATHERING IRON BEARING INERALS IN THE PROICESS OF OXIDATION THE COLOR OF SANDSTONE IS REDBROWN RUSTY.
46 SPECIES OF MAMMALS LIVE NEAR THIS ROCK. AS AUSTRALIA IS KNOWN FOR THE WALLABY IT IS HERE. OTHER ANIMALS ARE POSSUM, BILBY, AND BETTONG, MOLES, AND DESERT SKINK. THEY HAVE MANY BATS AND SMALL CAVES. THEIR ARE MANY REPTILES. ABORIGINALS HUNT KANAROO, TURKEY, EMU AND LIZARDS. THEY COLLECT MANY PLANTS FOR FOOD AND CEREMONIES. MANY PLANTS ARE ASSOXIATED WITH ANCESTRAL BEINGS. THEY HAVE PUNI TREES, PUTI SEEDS BLOODWOOD IS USED TO MAKE SPEARS, PROJECTILE VOMITING, BOOMERANGS, ITS SAP IS USED FOR COLDS,
SINCE EUROPEANS CAME HEY HAVE 34 EZOTIC PLANT SPECIES HERE, TO REDUCE EROSIONTHEY USED BUFFEL GRASS WHICH WAS MISTAKE! IT HAS BECOME A THREATENING WEED. THE AREA HAS 11" OF RAIN PER YEAQR. IN SUMMER IT IS 100 DEGREES AND IN WINTER IT IS 41 DEGREES. THE ABORIGIBALS HAVE 5 SEAONS.
THE ABORIGINAL LEGENDS SAY THE WORLD WAS ONCE FEATURELESS PLACE. ONE OF THE PLACES WE KNOW EXISTED UNTIL THE CREATOR BROUGHT PEOPLE PLANTS AND ANIMALS. IN A PROCESS THEY FARMED THE LANDSCAPE WE KNOW TODAY. TODAY THIS LAND IS USED BY ANCESTRAL SPIRITS THAT THE CREATOR MADE.
ANOTHER MYTH STATES THAT DURING CREATION PERIOD W BOYS [LAYED IN THE MUD AFTER THE RAIN. THEY BEGAN FIGHTING TOGETHER WHEN TWO BOYS CAME TO MOUNT CONNER WHERE THEIR BODIES ARE PRESERVED.
IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT THOSE WHO TAKE ROCKS WILL BE CURSED AND SUFFER MISFORTUNE. SAME THING IS SAID IN HAWAII. ARCHAEOLOGISTS STATE THE AREA HAS BEEN SETTLED FOR 10,000 YEARS. EUROPEANS CAME IN 1890'S AND THEY MAPPED THE AREA AS WELL. IN THE LATE 1900'S THE AREA HAD A DROUGHT AND THIS MADE FOR FREQUENT ARGUMENTS BETWEEN ANGLOS AND ABORIGINALS. BUSH FOOD STOPRES WERE DEPLETED. THEY HAD POLICE PATROLS. IN THE 1930'S DEPRESSION THE ABORIGINALS STARTED EATING ANGLO FOODS. BY 1920 ULURU WAS AN ABORIGINAL RESERVE. BY 1936 TOURISTS CAME. BY 1948 THEY BEGANSOME ROADS. BY 1960 THEY STARTED BUILDING MOTELS. BEFORE 1985THE AUSTRALIAN GOIVERNMENT RETURNED ULURU TO THE NATIVES, BUT IT WAS JOINTLY MANAGED.
BY 2009 THEY BUILT ROADS AND 1 MILE OF WALKING TRAILS IN THE AREA. IT TAKES 1 HOUR TO HIKE UP THE MOUNTAIN. IT IS VERY WINDY ON THE TOP. BECAUSE IT IS SO SPIRITUAL THE ABORIGINALS DO NOT CLIMB IT. THEY ASK VISITORS NOT TO CLIMB AS IT PASSES A SACRED SITE. THEY ALSO FORBID TOURISTS TO NOT PHOTOGRAPH SOME AREAS OF THE MOUNTAIN.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
GANGES RIVER, INDIA
20 MILLION FOLKS VISIT THIS SITE PER YEAR. IT RUN1560 MILES FROM THE HIMALAYAS TO THE BAY OF THE BENGAL. IT SYMBOLIZES LIFE PUBERT, THE HYMALAYAS TO THE BAY OF THE BEGALS. IT SYMBALIZES LIFE, PURITY, AND A GODDESS TO FOLKS IN INDIA. IT IS SO CALLED GANGA MA. SHE POURED HERSELF DOWN FROM HEAVEN UPON THE ASHES OF KING SARGAS SONS. THE WATERS RAISE THEM UP TO DWELL IN HEAVAN. ANYONE WHO TOUCHES THE WATERS TODAY IS SAID TO BE CLEANSED OF SINS.
AS THE DAY STARTS HINDUS THROW THEIR OFFERINGS OF FLOWERS OR FOOD THROWING HANDFULS OF GRAIN AND GARLANDS AMD LOTUS IN THE RIVER. SOME FOLKS FLOAT OIL LAMPS ON ITS SURFACE. ON FESTIVAL DAYS THE HINDUS FORD THE RIVERS WITH BOATS THEY MAY ENTER PRAYERS.
OF THE GANGES EVERY HINDU SPEAKS WITH 1 VOICE - IT CARRIES IMMENSE SPIRITUAL MEANING IN EVERY REGION PEOPLE PLACE THEIR DEAD RELATIVE'S ASHES HERE TO DWELL IN HEAVEN. PEOPLE COME HERE AS BARBERS TO CUT HAIR, CHILDREN TO FLY KITES, CLOTHES ARE CLEANEDAND THEY MAY WASH THEIR DOG HERE TOO.
POLLUTION IS ALSO BROUGHT HERE. IT HAS DYSENTERY, HEPATITUS AND CHOLERA
.SCHUCHICO.EDU
AS THE DAY STARTS HINDUS THROW THEIR OFFERINGS OF FLOWERS OR FOOD THROWING HANDFULS OF GRAIN AND GARLANDS AMD LOTUS IN THE RIVER. SOME FOLKS FLOAT OIL LAMPS ON ITS SURFACE. ON FESTIVAL DAYS THE HINDUS FORD THE RIVERS WITH BOATS THEY MAY ENTER PRAYERS.
OF THE GANGES EVERY HINDU SPEAKS WITH 1 VOICE - IT CARRIES IMMENSE SPIRITUAL MEANING IN EVERY REGION PEOPLE PLACE THEIR DEAD RELATIVE'S ASHES HERE TO DWELL IN HEAVEN. PEOPLE COME HERE AS BARBERS TO CUT HAIR, CHILDREN TO FLY KITES, CLOTHES ARE CLEANEDAND THEY MAY WASH THEIR DOG HERE TOO.
POLLUTION IS ALSO BROUGHT HERE. IT HAS DYSENTERY, HEPATITUS AND CHOLERA
.SCHUCHICO.EDU
MACHU PICCHU
THE WORD OF THIS SITE MEANS OLD PEAK. IT IS AN INCA SITE DATING TO 1400'S IN THE CUSCO REGION OF PERU. IT IS LOCATED 8000' ABOVE SEA LEVEL. IT IS 80 KM NW OF CUSCO WHERE A MAJOR RIVER, URUBAMBA RIVER FLOWS. MOST ARCHAEOLOGISTS BELIEVE THAT MACHU PICHU WAS BUILT AS AN ESTATE FOR PACHACUTI! HE RULED FROM 1438 TO 1472.
THE INCAS ABANDONED THE CITY AS AN OFFICIAL SITE FOR THE INCA RULERS, A CENTURY LATER WHEN SPAIN CAME HERE TO RULE.IT HAD BEEN UNKNOWN TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD UNTIL 1911 WHERE AN AMERICAN HISTORIAN HIRAMBINGHAM BROUGHT IT TO INTERNATIONAL ATTENTTION. SINCE THEN IT IS VERY POPULAR THE SITE HAS HAD SOME RECONSTRUCTION.
BY 1976 30% OF THE SITE WAS RESTORED. SPAIN NEVER FOUND IT BY 1983 IT WAS DECLARED A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE. IN 20007 IT WAS VOTED BYONE OF THE 7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD. IT AS BUILT WITH POLISHED STONE. WALLS THAT HAD BEEN HAND CUT. I SAW A PBS SPECIAL ON IT. IT HAS SACRED DISTRICT INCLUDING THE HITCHING POST OF THE SUN, THE TEMPLE OF THE SUN, AND THE ROOM OF THE THREE WINDOWS.
THIS SITE IS BELIEVED TO BE VULNERABLE TO THREATS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. THE SITE SUFFERS FROM ACCESS BY TOO MANY TOURISTS AND POSSIBLEY EARTHQUAKES. ALSO PRESERVATION OF ITS CULTURAL FEATURES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IS ONGOING. BY EARLY 1900'S SOME ARCHAEOLOGISTREMOVED SOME ARTIFACTS THAT WAS DISPUTED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PERU. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT MOST OF ITS INHABITANTS DIED FROM SMALL POX. NONE OF THE SACRED ROCKS WERE TOUCHED BY SPANISH. AN ARCHAEOLOGIST BELIEVES IT WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF VIRGINS OF THE SUN. ANOTHER PERSON BELIEVES IT WAS SELECTED DUE TO ITS LANDSCAPE FEATURES AND MOUNTAINS. SOME OF ITS LANDSCAPE ARE IN ALIGNMENT WITH KEY ASTRONOMICAL FEATURES IMPORTANT TO THE INCAS. EVEN PREVIOUS TO THE INCA THE GEOGRAPHY WAS SACRED TO OLDER CULTURES. RITUAL OFFERINGS WERE UNDER THE TALL PLATFORMS. THERE ARE VARIOUS THEORIES THAT EXIST TO EXPLAIN WHY THIS CITY WAS BUILT HERE. PERHAPS IT WAS BUILT AS A PRISON.
THE PLATFORMS DEFINITELY HAD A RELIGIOUS FUNCTION AS THEY FOUND RITUAL OFFERINGS BURIED UNDERNEATH THEM. OR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROPS COULD BE TESTED IN THE MANY DIFFERENT MICROCLIMATES AFFORDED BY THE LOCATION AND THE TERRACES.
THE TERRACES MAY HAVE BEEN TEST SITES FOR CROPS TO GROW ON A LARGE SCALE. A JUNGLE OVER TOOK THIS CITY ONCE IT WAS ABANDONED. IN 1911 WHEN IT WAS STUDIED BY A YALE LECTURER, SOME QUECHAS LIVED HERE. BINGHAM FOUND LOCAL INTELLECTUALS OPPOSED HIS OPPERATION AND THE LOCALS DEMANDED PAYMENTS TO EXCAVATE HERE. IN 1913 THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY HAD AN ENTIRE ISSUE DEVOTED TO MACHU PICHU. THIS SITE IS THE MOST VISITED TOURIST ATTRACTION IN PERU. IT HAS CLIFFS THAT DROP TO 450 M. THIS AREA HAS MISTS FROM MISTS FROM THE RIVER. THE INCA BUILT A ROPE BRIDGE ACROSS THE URUBAMBA RIVER AS A SECRET ENTRANCE FOR THE INCA ARMY.
THE CITY LIES BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS AND HAS AN EXCELLENT AMOUNT OF TWO VALLEYS. THEY HAVE WATER FROM SPRINGS THERE THE FOLKS WHO WERE HERE. THE ROADS ARE STEEP. IF THEY SUSPECTED INVADERS, THEY COUL HAVE BLOCKED THEIR OLD ROADS. IT IS SRTRATEGICALLY LOCATED AND READILY DEFENDED. THE SITE HAS A RURAL AND URBAN SECTOR. THEY HAVE WAREHOUSES IN THE SOUTHERN SECTOR.
THE CITY'S ARCHITECTURE IS ADAPTED TO THE NATURAL FORM OF THE MOUNTAINS. ABOUT 200 BUILDINGS ARE ARRANGED ON TERRACES AROUND A LARGE CENTRAL SQUARE. THEY HAVE LONG TERRACES AND HAD SOPHISTICATED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS TO THEIR FIELDS. THEY HAD MANY STAIRWAYS. THE WESTERN SECTION WAS FOR RELIGIOUS AND CEREMONIAL PURPOSES.
THE HITCHING POST OF THE SUN WAS AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASRE THE THE SLOPE WHERE THE SUN LIESIN WINTERAND SUMMER SOLSTICE. THE INCA BELIEVED THE STONE HELD THE SUN IN ITS PLACE ALONG ITS ANNUAL PLACE IN THE SKY.
THE INCA BUILT THIS CITY WITH HANDCUT STONES AND WITHOUT MORTAR. PERU HAS SEISMIC ACTIVITY . IT IS EASY TO MOVE SOME STONES SLIGHTLY WITHOUT COLLAPSINS THE WALLS/ THEY PUT VARIOUS DESIGN DETAILS IN THEIR WALLS. THEY LACKED DRAFT ANIMALS TO HELP MOVE THE STONES. IT IS STILL A MYSTERY HOW THEY PLACED THE BLOCKS. HUNDREDS OF MEN PROBABLY PUSHED THE BLOCKS INTO PLACE.
OVER 10,000 TOURISTS VISITED VISIT THIS SITE PER YEAR. SOME SPEND DAYS HIKING FROM CUSCO TO MACHU PICCHU. THEY HAD LONG DISTANCE TRADE ROUTES AS THEY FOUND NON LOCAL ARTIFACTS AT THE SITE. THERE HAVE BEEN MANY MOVIES FILMED HERE.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
THE INCAS ABANDONED THE CITY AS AN OFFICIAL SITE FOR THE INCA RULERS, A CENTURY LATER WHEN SPAIN CAME HERE TO RULE.IT HAD BEEN UNKNOWN TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD UNTIL 1911 WHERE AN AMERICAN HISTORIAN HIRAMBINGHAM BROUGHT IT TO INTERNATIONAL ATTENTTION. SINCE THEN IT IS VERY POPULAR THE SITE HAS HAD SOME RECONSTRUCTION.
BY 1976 30% OF THE SITE WAS RESTORED. SPAIN NEVER FOUND IT BY 1983 IT WAS DECLARED A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE. IN 20007 IT WAS VOTED BYONE OF THE 7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD. IT AS BUILT WITH POLISHED STONE. WALLS THAT HAD BEEN HAND CUT. I SAW A PBS SPECIAL ON IT. IT HAS SACRED DISTRICT INCLUDING THE HITCHING POST OF THE SUN, THE TEMPLE OF THE SUN, AND THE ROOM OF THE THREE WINDOWS.
THIS SITE IS BELIEVED TO BE VULNERABLE TO THREATS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. THE SITE SUFFERS FROM ACCESS BY TOO MANY TOURISTS AND POSSIBLEY EARTHQUAKES. ALSO PRESERVATION OF ITS CULTURAL FEATURES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IS ONGOING. BY EARLY 1900'S SOME ARCHAEOLOGISTREMOVED SOME ARTIFACTS THAT WAS DISPUTED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PERU. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT MOST OF ITS INHABITANTS DIED FROM SMALL POX. NONE OF THE SACRED ROCKS WERE TOUCHED BY SPANISH. AN ARCHAEOLOGIST BELIEVES IT WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF VIRGINS OF THE SUN. ANOTHER PERSON BELIEVES IT WAS SELECTED DUE TO ITS LANDSCAPE FEATURES AND MOUNTAINS. SOME OF ITS LANDSCAPE ARE IN ALIGNMENT WITH KEY ASTRONOMICAL FEATURES IMPORTANT TO THE INCAS. EVEN PREVIOUS TO THE INCA THE GEOGRAPHY WAS SACRED TO OLDER CULTURES. RITUAL OFFERINGS WERE UNDER THE TALL PLATFORMS. THERE ARE VARIOUS THEORIES THAT EXIST TO EXPLAIN WHY THIS CITY WAS BUILT HERE. PERHAPS IT WAS BUILT AS A PRISON.
THE PLATFORMS DEFINITELY HAD A RELIGIOUS FUNCTION AS THEY FOUND RITUAL OFFERINGS BURIED UNDERNEATH THEM. OR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROPS COULD BE TESTED IN THE MANY DIFFERENT MICROCLIMATES AFFORDED BY THE LOCATION AND THE TERRACES.
THE TERRACES MAY HAVE BEEN TEST SITES FOR CROPS TO GROW ON A LARGE SCALE. A JUNGLE OVER TOOK THIS CITY ONCE IT WAS ABANDONED. IN 1911 WHEN IT WAS STUDIED BY A YALE LECTURER, SOME QUECHAS LIVED HERE. BINGHAM FOUND LOCAL INTELLECTUALS OPPOSED HIS OPPERATION AND THE LOCALS DEMANDED PAYMENTS TO EXCAVATE HERE. IN 1913 THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY HAD AN ENTIRE ISSUE DEVOTED TO MACHU PICHU. THIS SITE IS THE MOST VISITED TOURIST ATTRACTION IN PERU. IT HAS CLIFFS THAT DROP TO 450 M. THIS AREA HAS MISTS FROM MISTS FROM THE RIVER. THE INCA BUILT A ROPE BRIDGE ACROSS THE URUBAMBA RIVER AS A SECRET ENTRANCE FOR THE INCA ARMY.
THE CITY LIES BETWEEN TWO MOUNTAINS AND HAS AN EXCELLENT AMOUNT OF TWO VALLEYS. THEY HAVE WATER FROM SPRINGS THERE THE FOLKS WHO WERE HERE. THE ROADS ARE STEEP. IF THEY SUSPECTED INVADERS, THEY COUL HAVE BLOCKED THEIR OLD ROADS. IT IS SRTRATEGICALLY LOCATED AND READILY DEFENDED. THE SITE HAS A RURAL AND URBAN SECTOR. THEY HAVE WAREHOUSES IN THE SOUTHERN SECTOR.
THE CITY'S ARCHITECTURE IS ADAPTED TO THE NATURAL FORM OF THE MOUNTAINS. ABOUT 200 BUILDINGS ARE ARRANGED ON TERRACES AROUND A LARGE CENTRAL SQUARE. THEY HAVE LONG TERRACES AND HAD SOPHISTICATED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS TO THEIR FIELDS. THEY HAD MANY STAIRWAYS. THE WESTERN SECTION WAS FOR RELIGIOUS AND CEREMONIAL PURPOSES.
THE HITCHING POST OF THE SUN WAS AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASRE THE THE SLOPE WHERE THE SUN LIESIN WINTERAND SUMMER SOLSTICE. THE INCA BELIEVED THE STONE HELD THE SUN IN ITS PLACE ALONG ITS ANNUAL PLACE IN THE SKY.
THE INCA BUILT THIS CITY WITH HANDCUT STONES AND WITHOUT MORTAR. PERU HAS SEISMIC ACTIVITY . IT IS EASY TO MOVE SOME STONES SLIGHTLY WITHOUT COLLAPSINS THE WALLS/ THEY PUT VARIOUS DESIGN DETAILS IN THEIR WALLS. THEY LACKED DRAFT ANIMALS TO HELP MOVE THE STONES. IT IS STILL A MYSTERY HOW THEY PLACED THE BLOCKS. HUNDREDS OF MEN PROBABLY PUSHED THE BLOCKS INTO PLACE.
OVER 10,000 TOURISTS VISITED VISIT THIS SITE PER YEAR. SOME SPEND DAYS HIKING FROM CUSCO TO MACHU PICCHU. THEY HAD LONG DISTANCE TRADE ROUTES AS THEY FOUND NON LOCAL ARTIFACTS AT THE SITE. THERE HAVE BEEN MANY MOVIES FILMED HERE.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
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