WHEN I WENT TO VISIT MY CATS THE OTHER DAY, A LARGE DOG WAS IN THE OFFICE. THE OWNER EXPLAINED TO ME THAT THE APPEARANCE OF SOMEONE WITH A HAT MAKES A DOG THINK THAT SOMEONE IS NOT A PERSON BUT SOMEONE FREIGHTENING. THE LADY ASKED ME TO TAKE OFF MY HAT SO THE DOG COULD SMELL IT. HE THEN RECOGNIZED ME AS SOMEONE WHO WAS KIND AND HE BEGAN TO ACT NICE. I NEVER HAD HEARD OF THIS THEORY BEFORE. IT IS UNUSUAL AS I USED TO HAVE A DOG AND IT NEVER ACTED STRANGE WHEN I WORE A HAT. ALSO OTHER FOLKS WHO I KNOW HAD A DOG AND IT NEVER ACTED STRANGE BEFORE.
IN ANY CASE MY CATS ARE FINE AND MY SON WILL BE MAKING PLANS TO BUILD AN OTDOOR CAGE FOR THEM. I LOOK FORWARD TO BEING PROCESSED THIS WEEK..
Thursday, May 16, 2013
COLOSSEUM IN ROME
THE COLOSEUM IN ROME IS AN ELLIPTICAL AMPHITHEATRE IN THE CENTER OF ROME. IT WAS BUILT OF CONCRETE AND STONE.IT WAS THE LARGEST IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE. IT IS ONE OF THE GREATEST ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL WORKS. IT WAS BUILT ABOUT 80 A.D. AND TOOK 10 YEARS. IT WAS NAMED IN LATIN AS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FLAVIAN DYNASTY.
THE COLOSSEUM COULD HOLD 50,000 FOLKS IN THE AUDIENCE. THEY HAD GLADIATOR CONTESTS AND MOCK SEA BATTLES , ANIMAL HUNTS, EXECUTION, DRAMAS ANIMAL HUNTS, EXECUTIONS, DRAMAS BASED ON MYTHOLOGIES. IT CEASED TO BE USED ON THE EARLY MEDIEVAL ERA. LATER IT WAS REUSED AS HOUSING, WORKSHOPS, RELIGIOUS ORDER, FORTRESS AND A SHRINE.
TODAY IT IS PARTIALLY RUINED BECAUSE OF EARTHQUAKES AND STONE ROBBERS. IT IS A SYMBOL OF IMPERIAL ROME AND IS A POPULAR TOURIST ATTRACTION. IT HAS CLOSE CONNECTIONS WITH ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.
THE COLOSEUM'S ORIGINAL NAME WASAMPHITHEATRUM FLAVIUM. IT WAS CONSTRUCTED BY EMPERORS. IN ROME THERE ARE MANY STATUES OF THEIR GODS OF ANCIENT MYTHOLOGIES.IN ROME THEREWAS AL;SO A BRONZE STATUE OF THE COLOSSEUM. THIS STATUE DID NOT FALL AND IT WAS PULLED DOWN TO USE ITS BRONZE STATUES. DURING THE 17TH CENTURY CHURCH OFFICIALS SOUGHT A PRODUCTIVEROLE FOR THE COLOSEUM - A WOOL FACTORY FOR EMPLOYING ROME PROSTITUTES. IT FELL THROUGH. IN 1671 THE COLOSSEUM WAS USED FOR BULLFIGHTS AND IT WAS HASTILY ABANDONED.
THE COLUSSEUM WAS BY SPOILS TAKEN FROM THE JEWISH TEMPLE AFTER A BATTLE IN JERUSALEM. BY THE END OF THE CENTURY B.C. THE THE AREA HAD A DENSE POPULATION BY 64 A.D. THERE WAS A FIRE.
SINCE THEN THEY HAVE BUILT OTHER AMPHITHEATRES. A SERIES OF TUNNELS WERE BUILT BY THE SON OF VESPASIAN. THE TUNNELS WERE USED TO HOUSE ANIMALS AND SLAVES. THROUGH TIME THE COLLUSEUM HAD DAMAGE FROM FIRES. EARTHQUAKE ANF GLADIATOR FIGHTS.
BY THE LATE 6TH CENTURY A CHURCH WAS BUILT BY THE AMPHITHEATRE. THE AREA WAS CONVERTED. HOUSES AND WORSHOPS WERE RENTED OUT AS EARLY AS 12TH CENTURY. BY 1200 A FAMILY TOOK IT OVER AND FORTIFIED IT USING IT AS A CASTLE. A RELIGIOUS SECT MOVED INTO THE NORTHERN PART FROM 14TH - 19TH CENTURIES. THE ORIGINAL BUILDING HAD BRONZE CLAMPS WHICH HELD THE STONE WORK AND WERE PRIED OFF AND LEFT SCARS ON THE BUILDING.
IN 1749 POPE BENEDICT ENDORSED THE VIEW THAT THE COLOSSEUM WAS A SACRED SITE WHERE EARLY CHRISTIANS HAD BEEN MARTYRED. THE POPE LATER ENDORSED THE VIEW THAT THE EARLY CHRISTIANS HAD BEEN MARTERED. HE FORBADE THE USE OF THE COLOSSEUM AS A QUARRY AND DEDICATED THE BUILDING TO THE PASSION OF CHRIST AND INSTALLED STATIONS OF THE CROSS DECLARING IT SANCTIFIED.HOWEVER THERE IS NO HISTORICAL EVIDENCE FOR SUPPORTING THIS. THE COLOSSEUM HAS UNDERGONE VARIOUS STABILIZATION AND RESTORATION PROJECTS, REMOVING EXTENSIVE VEGETATION.
TODAY THE COLOSSEUM IS ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS RECEING MILLIONS OF VISITORS MILLIONS OF VISITORS ANNUALLY. POLUTION AND GENERAL DETERIORATION OVER TIME PROMPTED A MAJOR DETERIORATION IN 1993 AND 2000. THE INTERIOR OF THE COLOSEUM IS HOST TO LARGE EVENTS, ONLY A FEW HUNDRED SPECTATORS CAN BE ACCOMODATED IN TEMPORARY SEATING. THEY HAVE HELD LARGE LEVELS OUTSIDE USING THE COLOSSEUM AS A BACKDROP.
UNLIKE EARLIER GREEK THEATRES IT IS THAT THEY WERE BUILT INTO HILLSIDES, IT IS A FREE STANDING STRUCTURE. UNLIKE GREEK THEATRES THAT WERE BUILT INTO HILLSIDES, THE COLL=OSSEUM IS AN ENTIRELY FREE STANDING STRUCTURE. THE EXTERIOR WALLS ARE ABOUT 158' HIGH. THE CENTRAL ARENA IS AN OVAL 280' LONG AND 180 ' WIDE. THEY HAD TIERS OF SEATING ABOUT 5 M WIDE. SOME OF THE SEATING WAS 15' HIGH. THE OUTER WALL IS TRAVERTINE STONE SET WITH MORTAR AND HELD TOGETHER WITH IRON CLAMPS. SOME EARTHQUAKES HAVE AFFECTED IT AND SECTIONS COLLAPSED. ORIGINALLY IT HAD THREE STORIES OF ARCADES. WITH A TALL ATTIC AND THEY HAD SOME WINDOWS. IN THE ARCHES THEY HAD DIVINITIES OR FIGUURES FROM CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY. THEY HAD A RETRACTABLE AWNING THAT KEPT THER RAIN OFF SPECTATORS. THIS COVERED 2/3 OF THE ARENA. SAILORA CAME FROM ROMAN NAVEL HEADQUARTERS.
THEY BUILT IT SO IT COULD BE FILLED OR EVACUATED QUICKLY. THE SPECTATORS WERE GIVEN POTTERY SHERDS AS TICKETS SO THEY KNEW THE SEATS TO TAKE. THE ROMANS HAD QUITE A RIGID SYSTEM AND THE SEATS REFLECTED A TIERED ARRANGEMENT OF CEMENT SECTIONS. SOME FOLKS BROUGHT SOME CHAIRS.
SENATORS HAD SPECIAL SEATS. THEIR SOCIETY WAS HIGHLY STRATIFIED. SPECIAL SOCIAL SECTIONS WERE PROVIDED FOR CITIZENS AND NOBLES. SOME GROUPS WERE BANNED FROM COMING HERE. THE ARENA HAD A WOODEN FLOOR WITH SAND AND IT HAD AN UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE. THESE TUNNELS WERE WHERE ANIMALS HAD CAGES. IT EVEN HAD ROOM FOR ELEPHANTS! THE COLOSSEUM SUPPORTED A BIG INDUSTRY. NEARBY WAS A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR GLADIATORS. NEARBY WAS AN ARMORY OF STORE WEAPONS AND PLACESTO TREAT WOUNDED GLADIATORS. CERTAIN FAMILIES GAVE EVENTS HERE TO PROVIDE SHOWS CALLED MINERA. SOME WERE HIGHLY RELIGIOUS, BUT MOSTLY OF POWER. A POPULAR SHOW WAS THE ANIMAL HUNT. THE ANIMAL HUNT. THE ANIMALS CAME FROM AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST. SOME CONTESTS HAD SEA BATTLES. IN A.D. 89 IT WAS FILLED WITH WATER FOR SWIMMING HORSES AND BULLS. THERE IS DEBATE THAT THERE IS NOT ENOUGH ROOM FOR WARSHIPS TO HAVE MOVED AROUND.
SOME ARTISTS PLANTED FORESTS SCENERY IN THE AREA WITH BUSHES AND TREES. NO ANIMALS COULD BE PLACED HERE FOR HUNTS AND DRAMAS. TODAY THEY HAVE CEREMONIES ON GOOD FRIDAYS. SINCE 1600'S THEY HAVE DOCUMENTED THE HISTORY OF OF FLORA HERE. THEY TRIED TO REDUCE PLANTS THAT GREW HERE ON THE ROCKS. THESE INCLUDED DIFFERENT MOSSES AND LICHEN.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
THE COLOSSEUM COULD HOLD 50,000 FOLKS IN THE AUDIENCE. THEY HAD GLADIATOR CONTESTS AND MOCK SEA BATTLES , ANIMAL HUNTS, EXECUTION, DRAMAS ANIMAL HUNTS, EXECUTIONS, DRAMAS BASED ON MYTHOLOGIES. IT CEASED TO BE USED ON THE EARLY MEDIEVAL ERA. LATER IT WAS REUSED AS HOUSING, WORKSHOPS, RELIGIOUS ORDER, FORTRESS AND A SHRINE.
TODAY IT IS PARTIALLY RUINED BECAUSE OF EARTHQUAKES AND STONE ROBBERS. IT IS A SYMBOL OF IMPERIAL ROME AND IS A POPULAR TOURIST ATTRACTION. IT HAS CLOSE CONNECTIONS WITH ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.
THE COLOSEUM'S ORIGINAL NAME WASAMPHITHEATRUM FLAVIUM. IT WAS CONSTRUCTED BY EMPERORS. IN ROME THERE ARE MANY STATUES OF THEIR GODS OF ANCIENT MYTHOLOGIES.IN ROME THEREWAS AL;SO A BRONZE STATUE OF THE COLOSSEUM. THIS STATUE DID NOT FALL AND IT WAS PULLED DOWN TO USE ITS BRONZE STATUES. DURING THE 17TH CENTURY CHURCH OFFICIALS SOUGHT A PRODUCTIVEROLE FOR THE COLOSEUM - A WOOL FACTORY FOR EMPLOYING ROME PROSTITUTES. IT FELL THROUGH. IN 1671 THE COLOSSEUM WAS USED FOR BULLFIGHTS AND IT WAS HASTILY ABANDONED.
THE COLUSSEUM WAS BY SPOILS TAKEN FROM THE JEWISH TEMPLE AFTER A BATTLE IN JERUSALEM. BY THE END OF THE CENTURY B.C. THE THE AREA HAD A DENSE POPULATION BY 64 A.D. THERE WAS A FIRE.
SINCE THEN THEY HAVE BUILT OTHER AMPHITHEATRES. A SERIES OF TUNNELS WERE BUILT BY THE SON OF VESPASIAN. THE TUNNELS WERE USED TO HOUSE ANIMALS AND SLAVES. THROUGH TIME THE COLLUSEUM HAD DAMAGE FROM FIRES. EARTHQUAKE ANF GLADIATOR FIGHTS.
BY THE LATE 6TH CENTURY A CHURCH WAS BUILT BY THE AMPHITHEATRE. THE AREA WAS CONVERTED. HOUSES AND WORSHOPS WERE RENTED OUT AS EARLY AS 12TH CENTURY. BY 1200 A FAMILY TOOK IT OVER AND FORTIFIED IT USING IT AS A CASTLE. A RELIGIOUS SECT MOVED INTO THE NORTHERN PART FROM 14TH - 19TH CENTURIES. THE ORIGINAL BUILDING HAD BRONZE CLAMPS WHICH HELD THE STONE WORK AND WERE PRIED OFF AND LEFT SCARS ON THE BUILDING.
IN 1749 POPE BENEDICT ENDORSED THE VIEW THAT THE COLOSSEUM WAS A SACRED SITE WHERE EARLY CHRISTIANS HAD BEEN MARTYRED. THE POPE LATER ENDORSED THE VIEW THAT THE EARLY CHRISTIANS HAD BEEN MARTERED. HE FORBADE THE USE OF THE COLOSSEUM AS A QUARRY AND DEDICATED THE BUILDING TO THE PASSION OF CHRIST AND INSTALLED STATIONS OF THE CROSS DECLARING IT SANCTIFIED.HOWEVER THERE IS NO HISTORICAL EVIDENCE FOR SUPPORTING THIS. THE COLOSSEUM HAS UNDERGONE VARIOUS STABILIZATION AND RESTORATION PROJECTS, REMOVING EXTENSIVE VEGETATION.
TODAY THE COLOSSEUM IS ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS RECEING MILLIONS OF VISITORS MILLIONS OF VISITORS ANNUALLY. POLUTION AND GENERAL DETERIORATION OVER TIME PROMPTED A MAJOR DETERIORATION IN 1993 AND 2000. THE INTERIOR OF THE COLOSEUM IS HOST TO LARGE EVENTS, ONLY A FEW HUNDRED SPECTATORS CAN BE ACCOMODATED IN TEMPORARY SEATING. THEY HAVE HELD LARGE LEVELS OUTSIDE USING THE COLOSSEUM AS A BACKDROP.
UNLIKE EARLIER GREEK THEATRES IT IS THAT THEY WERE BUILT INTO HILLSIDES, IT IS A FREE STANDING STRUCTURE. UNLIKE GREEK THEATRES THAT WERE BUILT INTO HILLSIDES, THE COLL=OSSEUM IS AN ENTIRELY FREE STANDING STRUCTURE. THE EXTERIOR WALLS ARE ABOUT 158' HIGH. THE CENTRAL ARENA IS AN OVAL 280' LONG AND 180 ' WIDE. THEY HAD TIERS OF SEATING ABOUT 5 M WIDE. SOME OF THE SEATING WAS 15' HIGH. THE OUTER WALL IS TRAVERTINE STONE SET WITH MORTAR AND HELD TOGETHER WITH IRON CLAMPS. SOME EARTHQUAKES HAVE AFFECTED IT AND SECTIONS COLLAPSED. ORIGINALLY IT HAD THREE STORIES OF ARCADES. WITH A TALL ATTIC AND THEY HAD SOME WINDOWS. IN THE ARCHES THEY HAD DIVINITIES OR FIGUURES FROM CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY. THEY HAD A RETRACTABLE AWNING THAT KEPT THER RAIN OFF SPECTATORS. THIS COVERED 2/3 OF THE ARENA. SAILORA CAME FROM ROMAN NAVEL HEADQUARTERS.
THEY BUILT IT SO IT COULD BE FILLED OR EVACUATED QUICKLY. THE SPECTATORS WERE GIVEN POTTERY SHERDS AS TICKETS SO THEY KNEW THE SEATS TO TAKE. THE ROMANS HAD QUITE A RIGID SYSTEM AND THE SEATS REFLECTED A TIERED ARRANGEMENT OF CEMENT SECTIONS. SOME FOLKS BROUGHT SOME CHAIRS.
SENATORS HAD SPECIAL SEATS. THEIR SOCIETY WAS HIGHLY STRATIFIED. SPECIAL SOCIAL SECTIONS WERE PROVIDED FOR CITIZENS AND NOBLES. SOME GROUPS WERE BANNED FROM COMING HERE. THE ARENA HAD A WOODEN FLOOR WITH SAND AND IT HAD AN UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE. THESE TUNNELS WERE WHERE ANIMALS HAD CAGES. IT EVEN HAD ROOM FOR ELEPHANTS! THE COLOSSEUM SUPPORTED A BIG INDUSTRY. NEARBY WAS A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR GLADIATORS. NEARBY WAS AN ARMORY OF STORE WEAPONS AND PLACESTO TREAT WOUNDED GLADIATORS. CERTAIN FAMILIES GAVE EVENTS HERE TO PROVIDE SHOWS CALLED MINERA. SOME WERE HIGHLY RELIGIOUS, BUT MOSTLY OF POWER. A POPULAR SHOW WAS THE ANIMAL HUNT. THE ANIMAL HUNT. THE ANIMALS CAME FROM AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST. SOME CONTESTS HAD SEA BATTLES. IN A.D. 89 IT WAS FILLED WITH WATER FOR SWIMMING HORSES AND BULLS. THERE IS DEBATE THAT THERE IS NOT ENOUGH ROOM FOR WARSHIPS TO HAVE MOVED AROUND.
SOME ARTISTS PLANTED FORESTS SCENERY IN THE AREA WITH BUSHES AND TREES. NO ANIMALS COULD BE PLACED HERE FOR HUNTS AND DRAMAS. TODAY THEY HAVE CEREMONIES ON GOOD FRIDAYS. SINCE 1600'S THEY HAVE DOCUMENTED THE HISTORY OF OF FLORA HERE. THEY TRIED TO REDUCE PLANTS THAT GREW HERE ON THE ROCKS. THESE INCLUDED DIFFERENT MOSSES AND LICHEN.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
Wednesday, May 15, 2013
TAJ MAJOL IN INDIA
THE TAJ MAGOL IS IN INDIA AND IS A WHITE MARBLE MAUSOLEUM. ITWAS WHITE MARBLE MAUSELEUM. IT WAS BUILT BY MEIGHAL, EMPEROR IN MEMORY OF HIS THIRD WIFE. IT IS RECOGNIZEDWHITE MARBLE MAUSELEUM. IT WAS BUILT BY MUGHAL EMPEROR IN MEMORY OF HIS THIRD WIFE. IT IS RECOGNIZED AS THE JEWEL OF MUSLIM ART IN INDIA. IT IS A FINE EXAMPLE OF MIGUL. ARCHITECTITURE, COMBINING ISLAMIC, PERSIAN, TURKISH AND INDIAN STYLES. IT WAS CONSTRUCTED IN 1632 AND COMPLETED ABOUT 1653. THOUSANDS OF ARTISTS WERE EMPLOYED UNDER MANY ARCHITECTS.
IN 1631, SHA JOHAN , EMPEROR WHEN THEY HAD A GREAT PROPERITY, BECAME GRIEVED HIS THIRD WIFE MUNTAZ DIED DURING THE BIRTH OF THEIR 14TH CHILD. THE MASOLEUM WAS COMPLETED IN 1648 AND THE MASALEUM WAS COMPLETED IN 1648 AND THE SURROUNDING BUILDINGS AND GARDEN WER COMPLETED 5 YEARS LATER. EMPEROR SHAH JAHAN DESCRIBED THE TAJ AS A "PLACE WHERE ALL SINS WILL BE WASHED AWAY. THE SUN AND MOON SHED TEARS FROM THEIR EYES.
TAJ MAHAL EXPANDS ON DESIGN TRADITIONS OF PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE. EARLIER BUILDINGS WERE CONSTRUCTED OF RED SANDSTONE. THEY USED THE REFINED MARBLE INLAID WITH SOME PRECIOUS STONES. THE TOMB IS THE CENTRAL FOCUS THE ENTIRE COMPLEX OF TAJ MAHAL. IT HAS PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE BUT IS MOSTLY OF WHITE MARBLE.
THE TOMB IS THE MAIN FOCUS OF THE ENTIRE COMPLEX. THE WHITE MARBLE STRUCTURE STANDS ON A SQUARE PLINTH AND CONSISTS OF A SYMMETRICAL BUILDING WITH A LARGE DOME SHAPED FINIAL. THEIR TOMBS ARE BASIC PERSIAN STRUCTURE.
THE BASE STRUCTURE IS ESSENTIALLY A LARGE CHAMBER FORMING AN OCTAGON ABOUT 55 METERS ON EACH SIDE. IT HAS MANY ARCHWAYS AND BALCONIES STACKED ON EITHER SIDE. THE MAIN CHAMBER HOUSES THE SARCOPHAGUS OF MUNTAZ MAHAL AND SHAL JAHAN. THE DESIGN IS SYMMETRICAL ON ALL SIDES. FOUR EACH CORNER OF THE PLINITH FACING CHAMBERED CORNERS. THE HOUSE OF THE SARCOPHGI OF MUNTAZ AND SHAH JAHAN. THEIR GRAVES ARE LOWER.
THE MARBLE DOME OF THE TOMB IS THE MOST SPECIAL FEATURE. IT IS 35 METERS IN HEIGHT. THE DOME IS ONION SHAPED AND THE TOP HAS A LOTUS DESIGN. IT SERVES TO BUILD IT'S HEIGHT. IT HAS TALL SPIRES. THE LOTUS MOTIF IS ON THE CHATTRIS. THE MAIN FINAL WAS GOLD. A TYPICAL ISLAMIC MOTIF POINTS TO HEAVEN
90 STONE CARVINGS AND SHRINES DATETO THE TANG DYNASTY. THEY CUT A LARGE ROCK IN THE RIVER FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES. IN THE MID 9TH CENTURY EMPEROR ZHAC KUANGYYIN SENT A BUDDIST MISSION TO INDIA. WHEN HE RETURNED HE TRANSLATED INDIAN BUDDIST TENTS. HE CAST A BRONZE STATUE ABOUT 2 TONS AND IT IS IN THE WANNIAN TEMPLE. SINCE THAT TIME MOUNT EMU HAS BEEN A HOLY PLACE OF BUDDISM.
THEY HAVE RED RED PANDAS, CHINSE GIANT SALAMANDERS, AND SLATY BUNTINGS.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
IN 1631, SHA JOHAN , EMPEROR WHEN THEY HAD A GREAT PROPERITY, BECAME GRIEVED HIS THIRD WIFE MUNTAZ DIED DURING THE BIRTH OF THEIR 14TH CHILD. THE MASOLEUM WAS COMPLETED IN 1648 AND THE MASALEUM WAS COMPLETED IN 1648 AND THE SURROUNDING BUILDINGS AND GARDEN WER COMPLETED 5 YEARS LATER. EMPEROR SHAH JAHAN DESCRIBED THE TAJ AS A "PLACE WHERE ALL SINS WILL BE WASHED AWAY. THE SUN AND MOON SHED TEARS FROM THEIR EYES.
TAJ MAHAL EXPANDS ON DESIGN TRADITIONS OF PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE. EARLIER BUILDINGS WERE CONSTRUCTED OF RED SANDSTONE. THEY USED THE REFINED MARBLE INLAID WITH SOME PRECIOUS STONES. THE TOMB IS THE CENTRAL FOCUS THE ENTIRE COMPLEX OF TAJ MAHAL. IT HAS PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE BUT IS MOSTLY OF WHITE MARBLE.
THE TOMB IS THE MAIN FOCUS OF THE ENTIRE COMPLEX. THE WHITE MARBLE STRUCTURE STANDS ON A SQUARE PLINTH AND CONSISTS OF A SYMMETRICAL BUILDING WITH A LARGE DOME SHAPED FINIAL. THEIR TOMBS ARE BASIC PERSIAN STRUCTURE.
THE BASE STRUCTURE IS ESSENTIALLY A LARGE CHAMBER FORMING AN OCTAGON ABOUT 55 METERS ON EACH SIDE. IT HAS MANY ARCHWAYS AND BALCONIES STACKED ON EITHER SIDE. THE MAIN CHAMBER HOUSES THE SARCOPHAGUS OF MUNTAZ MAHAL AND SHAL JAHAN. THE DESIGN IS SYMMETRICAL ON ALL SIDES. FOUR EACH CORNER OF THE PLINITH FACING CHAMBERED CORNERS. THE HOUSE OF THE SARCOPHGI OF MUNTAZ AND SHAH JAHAN. THEIR GRAVES ARE LOWER.
THE MARBLE DOME OF THE TOMB IS THE MOST SPECIAL FEATURE. IT IS 35 METERS IN HEIGHT. THE DOME IS ONION SHAPED AND THE TOP HAS A LOTUS DESIGN. IT SERVES TO BUILD IT'S HEIGHT. IT HAS TALL SPIRES. THE LOTUS MOTIF IS ON THE CHATTRIS. THE MAIN FINAL WAS GOLD. A TYPICAL ISLAMIC MOTIF POINTS TO HEAVEN
90 STONE CARVINGS AND SHRINES DATETO THE TANG DYNASTY. THEY CUT A LARGE ROCK IN THE RIVER FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES. IN THE MID 9TH CENTURY EMPEROR ZHAC KUANGYYIN SENT A BUDDIST MISSION TO INDIA. WHEN HE RETURNED HE TRANSLATED INDIAN BUDDIST TENTS. HE CAST A BRONZE STATUE ABOUT 2 TONS AND IT IS IN THE WANNIAN TEMPLE. SINCE THAT TIME MOUNT EMU HAS BEEN A HOLY PLACE OF BUDDISM.
THEY HAVE RED RED PANDAS, CHINSE GIANT SALAMANDERS, AND SLATY BUNTINGS.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
EMEI SHAN IN CHINA
THIS MOUNTAIN IS BUDDIST AND 2600 M ABOVE THE PLAIN. IT HAS THE FIRST TEMPLE IN CHINA THAT WAS BUILT IN SECHUAN PROVINCE IN THE FIRST CENTURY A.D. AT THE SUMMIT OF MT. EMEI. THIS IS ONE OF THE BUDDIST'SHOLIEST SITES. THEY HAVE A GIANT BUDDA CARVED OUT OF A ROCK ON A HILLSIDEIN THE 8TH CENTURY THAT OVERLOOKS THREE CENTURIES. SOME OF THE TREES HERE ARE OVER 1000 YEARS OLD.MOUNT EMU IS AN AREA OF EXCEPTIONAL. MOUNT EMEI IS AN AREA OF EXCEPTIOAL SCENIC VALUE WHERE BUDDISM FIRST BECAME ESTABLISHED ON CHINESE TERRITORY.
THIS MOUNTAIN HAS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE SINCE IT IS IN THE PLACE WHERE BUDDISM FIRST BECAME ESTABLISHED IN CHINESE TERRITORY IN THE FIRST CENTURY.
BY THE FORTH CENTURY THEY BUILT A BRONZE BUDDA AND GARDENTEMPLE IN THE 17TH CENTURY. A TEMPLE OF THE 7TH DYNASTY CONTAINS A BRONZE BUDDHA AND AN 11TH CENTURY STATUE GROUP.
MOUNT EMEI HAS GREAT SCENIC BEAUTY. IT HAS GREAT SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL IMPORTANCE AS IT INTRODUCES BUDDISM TO CHINA. THE MANY MONUMENTS AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS MAKES IT A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF VERY HIGH ORDER. THE AREA HAS GREAT NATURAL BEAUTY AND THE HUMAN ELEMENT HAS BEEN INTEGRATED WITH SKILL AND BEAUTY. THE KESHAN, GIANT BUDDHA IS THE TALLEST BUDDHA SCULPTURE IN THE WORLD!
MOUNT EMU IS OF HIGHEST SIGNIFICANCE AS 1 OF 4 HOLY LANDS OF CHINESE BUDDISM. BUDDISM WAS INTRODUCED INTO CHINA VIA THE SILK ROAD FROM INDIA.
HERE THERE ARE 2000 YEARS OF DOCUMENTS, HISTORY, TOMBS, ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES, AND STONE INSCRIPTIONS, PAINTING AND MUSIC AND OTHER ARTS. IT HAS OVER 2300 ANIMAL SPECIES AND SEVERAL THREATENED SPECIES. BECAUSE OF THE MOUNTAIN'S INACCESSIBILITY IT REMAINS UNTOUCHED AND UNSPOILED. CONSERVATION OF THE PROPERTY HERE IS VERY STRICT. THERE IS A MANAGEMENT AREA HERE.
THE MAIN THREAT TO THE MOUNTAIN AREA ARE TOURIST AND OTHERS WHO VIEW THE SITE. A CABLE CAR WAS BUILT THAT LEADS TO THE SUMMIT OF THE MOUNTAIN AND BRINGS 300,000 FOLKS HERE PER YEAR TO THIS SENSITIVE AREA.
THE AREA HAS MANY FOSSILS THAT ARE IMPORTANT AS A SOURCE OF AS A SOURCE OF GEOLOGIC INFORMATION. THE MOUNTAIN HAS 50 VEGETATION ZONES WITH SUBALPINE FORESTS AND SHRUBS. THERE HAVE BEEN 3200 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED. ALSO 1600 SPECIES OF MEDICINL PLANTS WITH 600 SPECIES OF COMMERCIAL VALUE. 100 SPECIES ARE ENDEMIC OR HAVE THREATENED POPULATION
IN THE WORLD. ALSO 2300 ANIMAL SPECIES ARE HERE. 157 SPECIES ARE THREATENED. SOME HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM THE MOUNTAIN. ARCHAEOLOGISTS HAVE FOUND EVIDENCE IN THE AREA THAT THEY WERE HERE FOR ABOUT 10,000 YEARS!
THERE HAVE BEEN MORE THAN 4 HOLY LANDS OF CHINESE BUDDHISM.
MOUNT EMUI HAS A RICH HERITAGE OF ARCHITECTURE, CALIGRAPHY, PAINTINGS AND EARTHENWARE. THEIR SCENIC AREA COVERS 2500 HA.
SOME CHINESE MONKS BUILT A TEMPLE HERE. ONE BUDDIST SCHOOL BUILT HERE WAS COMISSIONED TO BUILD 100 TEMPLES. ONE EMPIROR HERE TRANSLATED THE INDIAN BUDDISM TEXTS. A LARGE BRONZE STATUE WEIGHING 62 TONS IS IN ONE TEMPLE. THIS AREA HAS MANY ANIMAL SPECIES THAT THEY ARE TRYING PRESERVE.
WHC.UNESCO.ORG
THIS MOUNTAIN HAS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE SINCE IT IS IN THE PLACE WHERE BUDDISM FIRST BECAME ESTABLISHED IN CHINESE TERRITORY IN THE FIRST CENTURY.
BY THE FORTH CENTURY THEY BUILT A BRONZE BUDDA AND GARDENTEMPLE IN THE 17TH CENTURY. A TEMPLE OF THE 7TH DYNASTY CONTAINS A BRONZE BUDDHA AND AN 11TH CENTURY STATUE GROUP.
MOUNT EMEI HAS GREAT SCENIC BEAUTY. IT HAS GREAT SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL IMPORTANCE AS IT INTRODUCES BUDDISM TO CHINA. THE MANY MONUMENTS AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS MAKES IT A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF VERY HIGH ORDER. THE AREA HAS GREAT NATURAL BEAUTY AND THE HUMAN ELEMENT HAS BEEN INTEGRATED WITH SKILL AND BEAUTY. THE KESHAN, GIANT BUDDHA IS THE TALLEST BUDDHA SCULPTURE IN THE WORLD!
MOUNT EMU IS OF HIGHEST SIGNIFICANCE AS 1 OF 4 HOLY LANDS OF CHINESE BUDDISM. BUDDISM WAS INTRODUCED INTO CHINA VIA THE SILK ROAD FROM INDIA.
HERE THERE ARE 2000 YEARS OF DOCUMENTS, HISTORY, TOMBS, ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES, AND STONE INSCRIPTIONS, PAINTING AND MUSIC AND OTHER ARTS. IT HAS OVER 2300 ANIMAL SPECIES AND SEVERAL THREATENED SPECIES. BECAUSE OF THE MOUNTAIN'S INACCESSIBILITY IT REMAINS UNTOUCHED AND UNSPOILED. CONSERVATION OF THE PROPERTY HERE IS VERY STRICT. THERE IS A MANAGEMENT AREA HERE.
THE MAIN THREAT TO THE MOUNTAIN AREA ARE TOURIST AND OTHERS WHO VIEW THE SITE. A CABLE CAR WAS BUILT THAT LEADS TO THE SUMMIT OF THE MOUNTAIN AND BRINGS 300,000 FOLKS HERE PER YEAR TO THIS SENSITIVE AREA.
THE AREA HAS MANY FOSSILS THAT ARE IMPORTANT AS A SOURCE OF AS A SOURCE OF GEOLOGIC INFORMATION. THE MOUNTAIN HAS 50 VEGETATION ZONES WITH SUBALPINE FORESTS AND SHRUBS. THERE HAVE BEEN 3200 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED. ALSO 1600 SPECIES OF MEDICINL PLANTS WITH 600 SPECIES OF COMMERCIAL VALUE. 100 SPECIES ARE ENDEMIC OR HAVE THREATENED POPULATION
IN THE WORLD. ALSO 2300 ANIMAL SPECIES ARE HERE. 157 SPECIES ARE THREATENED. SOME HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM THE MOUNTAIN. ARCHAEOLOGISTS HAVE FOUND EVIDENCE IN THE AREA THAT THEY WERE HERE FOR ABOUT 10,000 YEARS!
THERE HAVE BEEN MORE THAN 4 HOLY LANDS OF CHINESE BUDDHISM.
MOUNT EMUI HAS A RICH HERITAGE OF ARCHITECTURE, CALIGRAPHY, PAINTINGS AND EARTHENWARE. THEIR SCENIC AREA COVERS 2500 HA.
SOME CHINESE MONKS BUILT A TEMPLE HERE. ONE BUDDIST SCHOOL BUILT HERE WAS COMISSIONED TO BUILD 100 TEMPLES. ONE EMPIROR HERE TRANSLATED THE INDIAN BUDDISM TEXTS. A LARGE BRONZE STATUE WEIGHING 62 TONS IS IN ONE TEMPLE. THIS AREA HAS MANY ANIMAL SPECIES THAT THEY ARE TRYING PRESERVE.
WHC.UNESCO.ORG
Friday, May 10, 2013
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
THIS IS PERHAPS THE MOST RECOGNIZABLE , SYMBOL OF CHINA AND IT'S LONG AND VIVID HISTORY. THERE ARE NUMEROUS WALLS AND FORTS WITH MANY RUNNING!
THE WALL WAS ORIGINALLY CONCEIVED BY EMPEROR QUIN SHI HUANG ABOUT 260 B.C. TO PREVENT THE BARBARIANS ANS NOMADS INTO THE CHINESE EMPIRE. THE BEST KNOWN PRESERVED SECTION OF THE GREAT WALL WAS BUILT IN 14TH AND 17TH CENTURIES DURING MING DYNASTY. IT WAS NEVER EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING INVADERS FROM ENTERING. IT WAS MORE OF A PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER.
ABOUT 220 B.C. CHINA WAS DIVIDED INTO A NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL KINGDOMS. QIN SHI HUANG THE FIRST IS EMPEROR OF A UNIFIED CHINA ORDERED THAT SOME EXISTING WALLS BE REMOVED.
HE WANTED SOME WALLS TO BE JOINED INTO SYSTEM EXTENDING 1/3 MILES LONG FROM PROTECTION FROM THE NORTH. CONSTRUCTION OF ONE OF THE MOST AMBITIOUS BUILDING PROJECTS EVER UNDERTAKEN BY ANY UNDERTAKEN BY ANY CIVILIZATION. THEY USED A MASSIVE ARMY OF SOLDIERS AND WORKERS. IT WAS MADE OF EARTH AND STONE. THE WALL STRETCHED INTO THE GANSU PROVINCE. FROM A BASE OF 15 - 50 ' HIGH IT WAS TOPPED BY RAMPARTS 12' HIGH. GUARD TOWERS WERE INCLUDED AT INTERVALS ALONG IT. MANY FOLKS WHO BUILT THE WALL WERE SOLDIERS AND CONVICTS. THERE WERE 400,000 FOLKS WHO DIED DURING THE WALL CONSTRUCTION IT EXTENDED FROM CHINA SEA PORT OVER 3000 MILES WEST.
WITH THE DEATH OF THE LEADER OF THE QIN DYNASTY WENT WITH THE DISREPAIR OF THE GREAT WALL. AFTER THE FALL OF THE HANE DYNASTYIN 206 B.C. - 220 A.D. TRIBES CONTROLLED NORTH CHINA. THE MOST POWERFUL TRIBE IN 390 A.D. REPAIRED THE WALL TO DEFEND AGAINST ATTACKS. IN 550 ANOTHER KINGDOM REPAIRED OVER 900 MILES OF WALLS.
DURING 618 A.D. THE GREAT WALL LOST ITS IMPORTANCE AS CHINA DEFEATED A TRIBE TO THE NORTH AND EXPANDED PAST THE WALL DURING 960 A.D.THE CHINESE WITHDREW UNDER THREAT FROM JIN FOLKS IN THE NORTH. THE POWERFUL YUAN DYNASTY 1206 - 1400 A,D, BUILT BY GENGHIS KHAN CONTROLLED SOME OF CHINA AND ASIA. THE WALL DID NOT HAVE MILITARY FORTIFICATION BUT SOLDIERS MANNED THE WALL TO PROTECT MERCHANTS ALONG THE TRDE ROUTE BUILT IN THIS PERIOD.
THE MING EMPEROR SAID THAT THE CAPITOL WAS BEIJING. CHINESE CULTURE FLOURISHED AND IT WAS AN IMMENSE AMOUNT OF CONSTRUCTION, BRIDGES, AND PAGOCLAS. MING RULER TOOK A DEFENSIVE STANCE AND EXTENDED THE GREAT WALL.
IN THE MID 17TH CENTURY THE MANCHUS FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTH MANCHRIA BROKE THROUGH THE GREAT WALL TO BEIJING FORCED THE FALL OF MING DYNASTY AND BEGINNING OF QUIN DYNASTY IN 1644. THE GREAT WALL EMERGED AS THE MOST COMMON EMBLEM CHINA FOR THE WESTERN WORLD. IT IS A SYMBOL OF PHYSICAL STRENGTH.
TODAY THE UNESCO DESIGNATED THE WALL AS A HERITAGE SITE, IT IS ONLY MAN MADE STRUCTURE VISIBLE FROM THE MOON! THE BEST KNOWN SECTION 43 MILES NORTHWEST 43 MILES NORTHWEST OF BEIJING WAS REBUILT IN LATE 1950'S AND ATTRACTS 1000'S OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN TOURISTS PER DAY.
HISTORY.COM
THE WALL WAS ORIGINALLY CONCEIVED BY EMPEROR QUIN SHI HUANG ABOUT 260 B.C. TO PREVENT THE BARBARIANS ANS NOMADS INTO THE CHINESE EMPIRE. THE BEST KNOWN PRESERVED SECTION OF THE GREAT WALL WAS BUILT IN 14TH AND 17TH CENTURIES DURING MING DYNASTY. IT WAS NEVER EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING INVADERS FROM ENTERING. IT WAS MORE OF A PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER.
ABOUT 220 B.C. CHINA WAS DIVIDED INTO A NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL KINGDOMS. QIN SHI HUANG THE FIRST IS EMPEROR OF A UNIFIED CHINA ORDERED THAT SOME EXISTING WALLS BE REMOVED.
HE WANTED SOME WALLS TO BE JOINED INTO SYSTEM EXTENDING 1/3 MILES LONG FROM PROTECTION FROM THE NORTH. CONSTRUCTION OF ONE OF THE MOST AMBITIOUS BUILDING PROJECTS EVER UNDERTAKEN BY ANY UNDERTAKEN BY ANY CIVILIZATION. THEY USED A MASSIVE ARMY OF SOLDIERS AND WORKERS. IT WAS MADE OF EARTH AND STONE. THE WALL STRETCHED INTO THE GANSU PROVINCE. FROM A BASE OF 15 - 50 ' HIGH IT WAS TOPPED BY RAMPARTS 12' HIGH. GUARD TOWERS WERE INCLUDED AT INTERVALS ALONG IT. MANY FOLKS WHO BUILT THE WALL WERE SOLDIERS AND CONVICTS. THERE WERE 400,000 FOLKS WHO DIED DURING THE WALL CONSTRUCTION IT EXTENDED FROM CHINA SEA PORT OVER 3000 MILES WEST.
WITH THE DEATH OF THE LEADER OF THE QIN DYNASTY WENT WITH THE DISREPAIR OF THE GREAT WALL. AFTER THE FALL OF THE HANE DYNASTYIN 206 B.C. - 220 A.D. TRIBES CONTROLLED NORTH CHINA. THE MOST POWERFUL TRIBE IN 390 A.D. REPAIRED THE WALL TO DEFEND AGAINST ATTACKS. IN 550 ANOTHER KINGDOM REPAIRED OVER 900 MILES OF WALLS.
DURING 618 A.D. THE GREAT WALL LOST ITS IMPORTANCE AS CHINA DEFEATED A TRIBE TO THE NORTH AND EXPANDED PAST THE WALL DURING 960 A.D.THE CHINESE WITHDREW UNDER THREAT FROM JIN FOLKS IN THE NORTH. THE POWERFUL YUAN DYNASTY 1206 - 1400 A,D, BUILT BY GENGHIS KHAN CONTROLLED SOME OF CHINA AND ASIA. THE WALL DID NOT HAVE MILITARY FORTIFICATION BUT SOLDIERS MANNED THE WALL TO PROTECT MERCHANTS ALONG THE TRDE ROUTE BUILT IN THIS PERIOD.
THE MING EMPEROR SAID THAT THE CAPITOL WAS BEIJING. CHINESE CULTURE FLOURISHED AND IT WAS AN IMMENSE AMOUNT OF CONSTRUCTION, BRIDGES, AND PAGOCLAS. MING RULER TOOK A DEFENSIVE STANCE AND EXTENDED THE GREAT WALL.
IN THE MID 17TH CENTURY THE MANCHUS FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTH MANCHRIA BROKE THROUGH THE GREAT WALL TO BEIJING FORCED THE FALL OF MING DYNASTY AND BEGINNING OF QUIN DYNASTY IN 1644. THE GREAT WALL EMERGED AS THE MOST COMMON EMBLEM CHINA FOR THE WESTERN WORLD. IT IS A SYMBOL OF PHYSICAL STRENGTH.
TODAY THE UNESCO DESIGNATED THE WALL AS A HERITAGE SITE, IT IS ONLY MAN MADE STRUCTURE VISIBLE FROM THE MOON! THE BEST KNOWN SECTION 43 MILES NORTHWEST 43 MILES NORTHWEST OF BEIJING WAS REBUILT IN LATE 1950'S AND ATTRACTS 1000'S OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN TOURISTS PER DAY.
HISTORY.COM
Thursday, May 9, 2013
STONEHENGE IN ENGLAND
STONEHENGE IS IN ENGLAND AND WEST OF AMESTBURY AND NORTH OF SALISBURG. IT IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS SITES IN THE WORLD. IT IS A CIRCLE OF LARGE RECTANGULAR STONES IN A COMPLEX OF NEOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGE MONUMENTS AND BURIAL MOUNDS.
ARCHAEOLOGISTS THINK IT WAS BUILT FROM 3000 -2000 B.C. IN 2008 RADIOCARBON DATES THE SITE APPROXIMATELY 2400 B.C.
THERE IS AN EARTH BANK AND DITCH CHICH CONSTITUTES AN EARLY PHASE OF 3100 B.C. IN 1986 THE SITE WAS PLACED ON UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE. IT IS MANAGED BY ENGLISH HERITAGE AND IS OWNED BY THE NATIONAL TRUST.
ARCHAEOLOGISTS FOUND THAT IT MAY HAVVE BENN A BURIAL GROUNDTHERE IN 2008. THEY DATED CREMATED BONES AS EARLY AS 3000 B.C. THE SITE IS OF RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE IN NEO DRDRUIDY.STONE HENGE COMES FROM THE OLD ENGLISH WORD 'STAN' OR STONE AND 'HENGE' MEANING HINGE. SOME STONES HINGE ON THE UPRIGHT STONES. ARCHAEOLOGIST DEFINE STONE AS EARTHWORKS CONSISTING OF A CIRCULAR BANKED ENCLOSURE WITH AN INTERNAL DITCH STONEHENGE HAS LINTELS HELD IN PLACE WITH MORTISE AND TENDON JOINTS.
STONEHENGE WAS A PLACE OF BURIAL AND CREMATION.THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT THERE WAS LARGE SCALE MONUMENT THAT EXTENDS THE LANDSCAPE'S TIME TO 6500 YEASRS.
ARCHAEOLOGISTS HAVE FOUND 4 - 5 MESOLITHIC OR PRE AGRICULTURE POSTHOLES DATING TO 8000 B.C. IT IS BENEATH THE MODERN TOURIST PARK. THEY HELD PINE POSTS IN SITU.THREE OF THE POSTS HAVE HAD RITUAL SIGNIFICANCE. THE SALISBURY PLAN WAS STILL WOODED AND 4000 YEARS LATER PEOPLE BUILT A CASEWAY OF ENCLOSURE OF LING TOMS. BY A 3500 B.C. ANOTHER CURCUS NORTH OF STONEHENGE WAS BUILT AND THEY BEGAN TO CLEAR TREES DEVELOP AN AREA FOR FARMING.
DURING 3100 B.C THEY BUILT A BANK AND DITCH ENCLOSURE IN THE GRASSLAND. THE BUILDERS PLACED THE BONES OF DEER AND OXEN AND WORKED FLINT TOOLS AT THE BOTTOM OF THE DITCH. THE BONES WERE OLDER THAN THE ANTLERS USED TO DIG THE DITCH. THE DITCH WAS A CIRCLE AND THEY FOUND CHALK THAT WAS FOUND ALONG THE BANK. THE FIRST STAGE DATES TO ABOUT 3100 B.C. WITHIN THE OUTER EDGE OF OF THE ENCLOSED AREA IS A CIRCLE OF 56 PITS.
THE FIRST STAGE DATES TO ABOUT 3100 B.C. WITHIN THE OUTER EDGE OF THE ENCLOSED AREA IS A CIRCLE OF 56 PITS. EACH PIT MAY HAVE HELD A TIMBER, BUT THEY HAVE NO EVIDENCE.
IN 2013 ARCHAEOLOGISTS EXCAVATE 50,000 CREMATED BONES OF 63 FOLKS BURIED HERE. THEY WERE ORIGINALLY BURIED IN THE AUBREY HOLES AND REMOVED DURING A PREVIOUS EXCAVATION IN 1920.
WILLIAM HAWLEY IN 1920 WERE NOT CONSIDERED IMPORTANT. THE BONES W3ERE PLACED BACK IN ONE HOLE IN 1935. ALL FOLKS WHO WERE CREMATED MEN AND WOMEN WITH A FEW CHILDREN. THE TEAM DETERMINED THAT THE FIRST BLUESTONE FROM WALES WERE USED AS GRAVE MARKERS.
ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL TEETH FOUND AT DURINGTON WALES, A BUILDER'S CAMP, DETERMINED THAT 4000 FOLKS GATHERED FOR MID WINTER AND SUMMER FESTIVALS. THESE REMAINS SHOWED SOME ANIMALS WERE EATEN AFTER 9 TO 15 MO OF AGE.
EVIDENCE OF STONEHENGE 2 SHOWS THAT THERE WAS NOT MUCH EVIDENCE. THIS PHASE IS A 3000 B.C. DURING THIS TIME STONEHENGE WAS AN ENCLOSED CREMATION CEMETERY - THE EARLIEST IN THE BRITISH ISLES . FRAGMENTS OF UNBURNT HUMAN BONES HAVE BEEN FOUND THERE. THEY HAD NEOLITHIC POTTERY OR GROOVED WARE FROM THIS PHASE.
THERE WERE VARIOUS PHASES AND THEY USED STONE INSTEAD OF TIMBERS AND VICE VERSA. AT THIS PHASE THEY HAD 80 STIONES THAT WERE BELIEVED TO BE MOVED FROM 150 MILES AWAY. POSSIBLY AND SOME WERE IGNEOUS AND SOME WERE DOLORITE. THEY WERE BELIEVED TO BE MOVED HERE FROM 150 MILES AWAY. POSSIBLY ANOTHER THEORY SUGGESTS THEY WERE BROUGHT CLOSER BY THE SALISH SEA GLACIER. EACH STONE WEIGHS ABOUT 4 TONS AND IS 6 ' HIGH AND IS 3 ' WIDE AND 3' THICK! THERE ARE 4 STATION STONES,2 THAT STAND ATOP MOUNDS WITHOUT BURIALS.
DURING STONEHENGE 3, 3 ENORMOUS STONES WERE BROUGHT HERE. THEY MAY HAVE COME FROM AN AREA 25 MILES AWAY TO THE NORTH. THEY WERE FASHIONED WITH MORTIS AND TENDON JOINTS BEFORE 30 WERE ERECTEDHERE IN THE CIRCLE OF STONES. EACH STONE WAS 13' HIGH, 6' WIDE AND THEY WEIGHED 25 TONS. THE INWARD SIDE OF THEIR SUNFACES WERE SMOOTHER AND MORE FINELY WORKED THAN THE OUTSIDE. THEY CARVED IMAGES OF DAGGER AND 14 AXEHEADS HAVE BEEN CAQRVED IN STONE. THEY LOOK LIKE BRONZE AGE WEAPONSAS THEY HAD LAZER SCANNING TO DATE THEM.
THE LAST KNOWN CONSTRUCTION AT STONEHENGE ARE BUILT AT 1600 B.C. THIS CULTURE LEFT NO WRITTEN RECORDS. MANY ASPECTS OF THE SITE MAY HAVE BEEN USED AS AN ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY. ONE PROFESSOR IN LONDON THOUGHT IT WAS A PLACE OF HEALING. THE SITE WAS MULTI-FUNCTIONAL. POSSIBLY THEY CELEBRATED HERE. IT MIGHT HAVE ALLOWED PREDICTION OF ECLIPSE, SOLSTICE, EQUINOX AND CELESTIAL EVENTS POSSIBLY PEOPLE FROM THE BRITISH ISLE WERE UNIFIED BY INTEREGIONAL COOPERATION.
THERE IS A HEADSTONE AT THE ENTRANCE TO THE STONEHENGE. IT STANDS 18 FEET ABOVE GROUND. AT SUMMER SOLSTICE IF ONE IS IN THE STONE CIRCLE THE SUN RISES ABOVE THE HEEL STONE. ENGLAND FOLKS AND GOVERNMENT HAVE DECIDED NOT TO DEVELOP AROUND THE STONEHEDGE SITE.
TODAY THE STONES ARE ROPED SO NO ONE CAN
CLIMB ON THE STONES. SOME RESTORATION HAS INCLUDED PLACING SOME STONES INTO CONCRETE.
ASK.COM
ARCHAEOLOGISTS THINK IT WAS BUILT FROM 3000 -2000 B.C. IN 2008 RADIOCARBON DATES THE SITE APPROXIMATELY 2400 B.C.
THERE IS AN EARTH BANK AND DITCH CHICH CONSTITUTES AN EARLY PHASE OF 3100 B.C. IN 1986 THE SITE WAS PLACED ON UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE. IT IS MANAGED BY ENGLISH HERITAGE AND IS OWNED BY THE NATIONAL TRUST.
ARCHAEOLOGISTS FOUND THAT IT MAY HAVVE BENN A BURIAL GROUNDTHERE IN 2008. THEY DATED CREMATED BONES AS EARLY AS 3000 B.C. THE SITE IS OF RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE IN NEO DRDRUIDY.STONE HENGE COMES FROM THE OLD ENGLISH WORD 'STAN' OR STONE AND 'HENGE' MEANING HINGE. SOME STONES HINGE ON THE UPRIGHT STONES. ARCHAEOLOGIST DEFINE STONE AS EARTHWORKS CONSISTING OF A CIRCULAR BANKED ENCLOSURE WITH AN INTERNAL DITCH STONEHENGE HAS LINTELS HELD IN PLACE WITH MORTISE AND TENDON JOINTS.
STONEHENGE WAS A PLACE OF BURIAL AND CREMATION.THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT THERE WAS LARGE SCALE MONUMENT THAT EXTENDS THE LANDSCAPE'S TIME TO 6500 YEASRS.
ARCHAEOLOGISTS HAVE FOUND 4 - 5 MESOLITHIC OR PRE AGRICULTURE POSTHOLES DATING TO 8000 B.C. IT IS BENEATH THE MODERN TOURIST PARK. THEY HELD PINE POSTS IN SITU.THREE OF THE POSTS HAVE HAD RITUAL SIGNIFICANCE. THE SALISBURY PLAN WAS STILL WOODED AND 4000 YEARS LATER PEOPLE BUILT A CASEWAY OF ENCLOSURE OF LING TOMS. BY A 3500 B.C. ANOTHER CURCUS NORTH OF STONEHENGE WAS BUILT AND THEY BEGAN TO CLEAR TREES DEVELOP AN AREA FOR FARMING.
DURING 3100 B.C THEY BUILT A BANK AND DITCH ENCLOSURE IN THE GRASSLAND. THE BUILDERS PLACED THE BONES OF DEER AND OXEN AND WORKED FLINT TOOLS AT THE BOTTOM OF THE DITCH. THE BONES WERE OLDER THAN THE ANTLERS USED TO DIG THE DITCH. THE DITCH WAS A CIRCLE AND THEY FOUND CHALK THAT WAS FOUND ALONG THE BANK. THE FIRST STAGE DATES TO ABOUT 3100 B.C. WITHIN THE OUTER EDGE OF OF THE ENCLOSED AREA IS A CIRCLE OF 56 PITS.
THE FIRST STAGE DATES TO ABOUT 3100 B.C. WITHIN THE OUTER EDGE OF THE ENCLOSED AREA IS A CIRCLE OF 56 PITS. EACH PIT MAY HAVE HELD A TIMBER, BUT THEY HAVE NO EVIDENCE.
IN 2013 ARCHAEOLOGISTS EXCAVATE 50,000 CREMATED BONES OF 63 FOLKS BURIED HERE. THEY WERE ORIGINALLY BURIED IN THE AUBREY HOLES AND REMOVED DURING A PREVIOUS EXCAVATION IN 1920.
WILLIAM HAWLEY IN 1920 WERE NOT CONSIDERED IMPORTANT. THE BONES W3ERE PLACED BACK IN ONE HOLE IN 1935. ALL FOLKS WHO WERE CREMATED MEN AND WOMEN WITH A FEW CHILDREN. THE TEAM DETERMINED THAT THE FIRST BLUESTONE FROM WALES WERE USED AS GRAVE MARKERS.
ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL TEETH FOUND AT DURINGTON WALES, A BUILDER'S CAMP, DETERMINED THAT 4000 FOLKS GATHERED FOR MID WINTER AND SUMMER FESTIVALS. THESE REMAINS SHOWED SOME ANIMALS WERE EATEN AFTER 9 TO 15 MO OF AGE.
EVIDENCE OF STONEHENGE 2 SHOWS THAT THERE WAS NOT MUCH EVIDENCE. THIS PHASE IS A 3000 B.C. DURING THIS TIME STONEHENGE WAS AN ENCLOSED CREMATION CEMETERY - THE EARLIEST IN THE BRITISH ISLES . FRAGMENTS OF UNBURNT HUMAN BONES HAVE BEEN FOUND THERE. THEY HAD NEOLITHIC POTTERY OR GROOVED WARE FROM THIS PHASE.
THERE WERE VARIOUS PHASES AND THEY USED STONE INSTEAD OF TIMBERS AND VICE VERSA. AT THIS PHASE THEY HAD 80 STIONES THAT WERE BELIEVED TO BE MOVED FROM 150 MILES AWAY. POSSIBLY AND SOME WERE IGNEOUS AND SOME WERE DOLORITE. THEY WERE BELIEVED TO BE MOVED HERE FROM 150 MILES AWAY. POSSIBLY ANOTHER THEORY SUGGESTS THEY WERE BROUGHT CLOSER BY THE SALISH SEA GLACIER. EACH STONE WEIGHS ABOUT 4 TONS AND IS 6 ' HIGH AND IS 3 ' WIDE AND 3' THICK! THERE ARE 4 STATION STONES,2 THAT STAND ATOP MOUNDS WITHOUT BURIALS.
DURING STONEHENGE 3, 3 ENORMOUS STONES WERE BROUGHT HERE. THEY MAY HAVE COME FROM AN AREA 25 MILES AWAY TO THE NORTH. THEY WERE FASHIONED WITH MORTIS AND TENDON JOINTS BEFORE 30 WERE ERECTEDHERE IN THE CIRCLE OF STONES. EACH STONE WAS 13' HIGH, 6' WIDE AND THEY WEIGHED 25 TONS. THE INWARD SIDE OF THEIR SUNFACES WERE SMOOTHER AND MORE FINELY WORKED THAN THE OUTSIDE. THEY CARVED IMAGES OF DAGGER AND 14 AXEHEADS HAVE BEEN CAQRVED IN STONE. THEY LOOK LIKE BRONZE AGE WEAPONSAS THEY HAD LAZER SCANNING TO DATE THEM.
THE LAST KNOWN CONSTRUCTION AT STONEHENGE ARE BUILT AT 1600 B.C. THIS CULTURE LEFT NO WRITTEN RECORDS. MANY ASPECTS OF THE SITE MAY HAVE BEEN USED AS AN ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY. ONE PROFESSOR IN LONDON THOUGHT IT WAS A PLACE OF HEALING. THE SITE WAS MULTI-FUNCTIONAL. POSSIBLY THEY CELEBRATED HERE. IT MIGHT HAVE ALLOWED PREDICTION OF ECLIPSE, SOLSTICE, EQUINOX AND CELESTIAL EVENTS POSSIBLY PEOPLE FROM THE BRITISH ISLE WERE UNIFIED BY INTEREGIONAL COOPERATION.
THERE IS A HEADSTONE AT THE ENTRANCE TO THE STONEHENGE. IT STANDS 18 FEET ABOVE GROUND. AT SUMMER SOLSTICE IF ONE IS IN THE STONE CIRCLE THE SUN RISES ABOVE THE HEEL STONE. ENGLAND FOLKS AND GOVERNMENT HAVE DECIDED NOT TO DEVELOP AROUND THE STONEHEDGE SITE.
TODAY THE STONES ARE ROPED SO NO ONE CAN
CLIMB ON THE STONES. SOME RESTORATION HAS INCLUDED PLACING SOME STONES INTO CONCRETE.
ASK.COM
Tuesday, May 7, 2013
GREAT PYRAMID AT GIZA, EGYPT
THIS IS TE OLDEST PYRAMID OF THE ANCIENT WONDERS AND IS INTACT. IT WAS BUILT IN 2584 ON A PLATEAU THAT IS 33 FEET TALL. THE GREEK CONQUEST OF MUCH OF THE KNOWN WORLD IN THE 4TH CENTURY B.C. GAVE HELLENISTIC TRAVELERS ACCESS TO CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EGYPTIANS.
THIS PYRAMID IS THE OLDEST ON THE LIST AND IT IS THE TALLEST MAN MADE STRUCTURE IN THE FOR 3800 YEARS. IT IS NOT ONLY A TESTIMENT TO DURABILITY, BUT TO A VERY REMARKABLE STRUCTURE BUILT. THIS PYRAMID AT GIZA IS THE LARGEST EVER BUILT. THE PYRAMID IS PRECISE AND A REQUIRED ORGANIZATION.
IN 2500 B.C. PHAROAH KHIFU ORDERED THE CONSTRUCTION OF GIZA NEAR CAIRO. IT WAS TO PROTECT HIS TOMB AND POSSESSIONS. IT WOULD ENSURE HIS SAFE TRIP TO THE AFTERLIFE. IT TOOK 30 YEARS TO BUILD. IT HAS 2 MILLION LIMESTONE BLOCKS. EACH WEIGHING 2 TO 15 TONS. THE CORNERS ARE PLACED AT N,S,E,W. IT IS 481 FEET TALL. THERE ARE 3 SMALLER PYRAMIDS TO HOLD THE PHAROAH'S QUEENS. THE SECOND LARGEST PYRAMID AND THE SPHINX ALSO BUILT BY KHUFU'S SON IN 2520 B.C. INSIDE GIZA ARE THREE CHAMBERON THE NORTH FACE. HE PASSAGE GOES ABOUT 200 FEET TO AN UNDERGROUND CHAMBER WIDE ENOUGH FOR ONE MAN . THERE IS ANOTHER CHAMBER THAT WAS ONCE BELIEVED TO BE THE LOCATION OF THE KING'S SPIRIT STATUE. CONNECTED TO THIS PASSAGE IS AN ASCENDING PASSAGEWAY ONLY LARGE ENOUGH TO CRAWL THROUGH. IT LEADS TO THE PHAROAH'S CHAMBER. THE ROOM IS OF GRANITEAND HAS KAKHUF'S CHAMBER. THE ROOM IS OF GRANITE AND HAS HIS SARCOPHAGUS.
THE EGYPTIANS HAD FEW TOOLS OR TECHNOLOGY TO MOVE THESE HEAVY BLOCKS. NOONE KNOWS FOR SURE. THEY COULD HAVE USED ROPES OR SLEDS AND RAMPS. THE NILE RIVER WAS ALSO USED. MANY FOLKS CAME FROM NEARBY COMMUNITTIES ACROSS EGYPT TO HELP. IN THE MIDDLE AGES THROUGH EROSION GRAVE ROBBERS AND TOURISTS HAVE DETERIORATED THE PYRAMIDS. THEY ARE SYMBOLS OF EGYPT AND ITS RICH HISTORY. THESE THESE PYRAMIDS ARE GREAT FEATS OF ANCIENT EGYPT.
PERSONAL.PSU.EDU
THIS PYRAMID IS THE OLDEST ON THE LIST AND IT IS THE TALLEST MAN MADE STRUCTURE IN THE FOR 3800 YEARS. IT IS NOT ONLY A TESTIMENT TO DURABILITY, BUT TO A VERY REMARKABLE STRUCTURE BUILT. THIS PYRAMID AT GIZA IS THE LARGEST EVER BUILT. THE PYRAMID IS PRECISE AND A REQUIRED ORGANIZATION.
IN 2500 B.C. PHAROAH KHIFU ORDERED THE CONSTRUCTION OF GIZA NEAR CAIRO. IT WAS TO PROTECT HIS TOMB AND POSSESSIONS. IT WOULD ENSURE HIS SAFE TRIP TO THE AFTERLIFE. IT TOOK 30 YEARS TO BUILD. IT HAS 2 MILLION LIMESTONE BLOCKS. EACH WEIGHING 2 TO 15 TONS. THE CORNERS ARE PLACED AT N,S,E,W. IT IS 481 FEET TALL. THERE ARE 3 SMALLER PYRAMIDS TO HOLD THE PHAROAH'S QUEENS. THE SECOND LARGEST PYRAMID AND THE SPHINX ALSO BUILT BY KHUFU'S SON IN 2520 B.C. INSIDE GIZA ARE THREE CHAMBERON THE NORTH FACE. HE PASSAGE GOES ABOUT 200 FEET TO AN UNDERGROUND CHAMBER WIDE ENOUGH FOR ONE MAN . THERE IS ANOTHER CHAMBER THAT WAS ONCE BELIEVED TO BE THE LOCATION OF THE KING'S SPIRIT STATUE. CONNECTED TO THIS PASSAGE IS AN ASCENDING PASSAGEWAY ONLY LARGE ENOUGH TO CRAWL THROUGH. IT LEADS TO THE PHAROAH'S CHAMBER. THE ROOM IS OF GRANITEAND HAS KAKHUF'S CHAMBER. THE ROOM IS OF GRANITE AND HAS HIS SARCOPHAGUS.
THE EGYPTIANS HAD FEW TOOLS OR TECHNOLOGY TO MOVE THESE HEAVY BLOCKS. NOONE KNOWS FOR SURE. THEY COULD HAVE USED ROPES OR SLEDS AND RAMPS. THE NILE RIVER WAS ALSO USED. MANY FOLKS CAME FROM NEARBY COMMUNITTIES ACROSS EGYPT TO HELP. IN THE MIDDLE AGES THROUGH EROSION GRAVE ROBBERS AND TOURISTS HAVE DETERIORATED THE PYRAMIDS. THEY ARE SYMBOLS OF EGYPT AND ITS RICH HISTORY. THESE THESE PYRAMIDS ARE GREAT FEATS OF ANCIENT EGYPT.
PERSONAL.PSU.EDU
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