THESE FOLKS ARE A NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBE IN THE U.S. WITH THREE DIVISIONS. THEY SPOKE SHOSHONI A PART OF THE UTO AZTECAN FAMILY. THEY WERE ALSO SNAKE INDIANS AND WERE IN EASTERN IDAHO, WESTERN WYOMING, AND NORTHEAST UTAH.
THE EASTERN SHOSHONI LIVED IN WYOMING , COLORADO AND MONTANA. THEY WERE PRESSURED FROM OTHER NATIVE AMERICANS TO MOVE AS FAR SOUTH AS TEXAS TO BECOME COMMANCHE.
THE OTHER GROUPS WERE SHEEP HERDERS AND SOME ATE CATTAILS. THEY HAVE A FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED RESERVATION AT FURNACE CREEK, CA. THEY HAVE CONTINUED TO LIVE IN OWENS VALLEY -SHOSHONI PAIUTE.
THE SHOSHONI AROSE OUT OF VARIOUS CULTURES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WHO HAD LIVED HERE FOR 1000'S OF YEARS. CHIEF POCATELLA FOUGHT DURING THE 1860'S WITH SETTLERS IN IDAHO. MORE SETTLERS CAME TO THE BEAR RIVER MASACRE WHEN U.S. FORCES TRAPPED AND KILLED 500 SHOSHONI. THIS WAS THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF DEATH S SUFFERED BY THE SHOSHONI. IN 2008 THE NORTHWEST SHOSHONI ACQUIRED THE SITE OF THIS MASSACRE AND MADE IT AS A MEMORIAL TO RENEW THEIR TRIBE. BY 200 THERE WERE 12,000 SHOSHONI.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
Friday, July 29, 2011
A MEXICAN SUMMER
ONE SUMMER WHEN I WAS 18 I WENT TO TRAVEL AND TOUR THROUGH MEXICO AND ENDED UP GOING TO AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SUMMER SCHOOL WITH THE SCHOOL OF AMERICAS NEAR CHOLULA I MET SOME MID AGED LADIES FROM NEW YORK CITY ON THE WEEKENDS WE WENT TO VISIT A NEAT OUT OF THE WAY TOWN IN CENTRAL MEXICO, ATOP A MOUNTAIN VISTA. THE MEXICANS WERE DRESSED IN ALL WHITE EXCEPT FOR THEIR BELTS. THEY WOVE THEIR BELTS OF WOOL AND THEY WERE OF DIFFERENT COLORS. WE RODE THERE ON THE BACK OF AN OPEN TRUCK FILLED WITH PIGS AND ABOUT FIVE OTHER PASSENGERS.
ONCE HERE WE STAYED IN A NEAT HOTEL OVERNIGHT. WE TOURED THE CATHOLIC CHURCH THAT WAS SO HUGE FOR THIS SMALL TOWN. THE MARKET PLACE WAS THE BIG ATTRACTION ON MOST DAYS AND WAS OCCUPIED AND FILLED WITH ACTION AND ALL KINDS OF FOODS AND HERBS.
IT WAS A FUN TRIP. ONE NIGHT THEY HAD AN EVENT WHERE THEY HAD MEN LEAP DOWN FROM A TALL POLE WITH A ROPE AND SWUNG AROUND IN A CIRCLE. THIS WAS AN INTERESTING TOWN, AND I DON'T REMEMBER THE NAME OF IT.
ONCE HERE WE STAYED IN A NEAT HOTEL OVERNIGHT. WE TOURED THE CATHOLIC CHURCH THAT WAS SO HUGE FOR THIS SMALL TOWN. THE MARKET PLACE WAS THE BIG ATTRACTION ON MOST DAYS AND WAS OCCUPIED AND FILLED WITH ACTION AND ALL KINDS OF FOODS AND HERBS.
IT WAS A FUN TRIP. ONE NIGHT THEY HAD AN EVENT WHERE THEY HAD MEN LEAP DOWN FROM A TALL POLE WITH A ROPE AND SWUNG AROUND IN A CIRCLE. THIS WAS AN INTERESTING TOWN, AND I DON'T REMEMBER THE NAME OF IT.
GRAND PORTAGE INDIANS IN MINNESOTA
THIS RESERVATION IS LOCATED IN COOK COUNTY NEAR THE NORTHEASTERN PART OF THE STATE. THE COMMUNITY WAS CONSIDERED PART OF AN 1854 TREATY. THEY ARE ON A RESERVATION WITH 557 FOLKS WITH A TOTAL POPULATION OF 1,100.
THEY OPERATE A CASINO, AND A LODGE. IN 2000 MINNESOTA RETURNED OWNERSHIP OF THE 300 ACRE GRAND PORTAGE STATE PARK TO THEM. THEY ARE DESCENDANTS OF NORTHERN DIVISION OF THE TRIBE WHO MIGRATED SEVERAL CENTURIES AGO FROM THE ATLANTIC REGION. GRAND PORTAGE IS ONE OF THE EARLIEST OJIBWA SITES IN MINNESOTA. IT WAS A CENTER FOR THE FUR TRADE. BY 1763 THE BRITISH NORTHWEST TOOK OVER AND BUILT A LARGE BUILDING CALLED FORT CHARLOTTE.
THE INDIANS WHO LIVED HERE WERE SKILLED TRAPPERS AND PROVIDED TRADERS WITH HIGH QUALITY FURS. THEY TAUGHT TRADERS HOW TO MAKE AND REPAIR CANOES, AND SUPPLIED THEM WITH DEER, MOOSE, AND WILD RICE. THEY HAD HEREDITARY CHIEFS WHO WERE GOOD WITH DEALING WITH A NUMBER OF OUTSIDERS.
AFTER THE 1812 WAR AMERICANS TOOK OVER THE BRITISH TERRITORIES. BY 1854 THE U,S, CEDED MUCH OF THEIR LANDS. THEY SET ASIDE TWO SMALL RESERVATIONS. BY 1856 THEY BUILT PERMANENT HOUSES IN GRAND PORTAGE VILLAGE ABOUT 1856.
IN 1887 AND 1889 SPECULATORS COULD GRAB LARGE PORTIONS OF RESIDENTIAL LAND. IN 1934 THE INDIAN REORGANIZATION ACT HAD THE GRAND PORTAGE JOIN THE MINNESOTA CHIPPEWA TRIBE. THEY HAD NEW LEADERSHIP AND BOUGHT BACK SOME OF THE LAND.
DURING THE DEPRESSION, THESE MEN WORKED ON CCC PROJECTS AND ON EXCAVATION PROJECTS AROUND THE OLD STOCKADE, AND IN LOGGING CAMPS. IN 1960 THEY NEGOTIATED WITH HOTEL CORPORATION TO BUILD A CASINO,LODGE AND A RADISSON HOTEL.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
GRANDEPORTAGE.COM
THEY OPERATE A CASINO, AND A LODGE. IN 2000 MINNESOTA RETURNED OWNERSHIP OF THE 300 ACRE GRAND PORTAGE STATE PARK TO THEM. THEY ARE DESCENDANTS OF NORTHERN DIVISION OF THE TRIBE WHO MIGRATED SEVERAL CENTURIES AGO FROM THE ATLANTIC REGION. GRAND PORTAGE IS ONE OF THE EARLIEST OJIBWA SITES IN MINNESOTA. IT WAS A CENTER FOR THE FUR TRADE. BY 1763 THE BRITISH NORTHWEST TOOK OVER AND BUILT A LARGE BUILDING CALLED FORT CHARLOTTE.
THE INDIANS WHO LIVED HERE WERE SKILLED TRAPPERS AND PROVIDED TRADERS WITH HIGH QUALITY FURS. THEY TAUGHT TRADERS HOW TO MAKE AND REPAIR CANOES, AND SUPPLIED THEM WITH DEER, MOOSE, AND WILD RICE. THEY HAD HEREDITARY CHIEFS WHO WERE GOOD WITH DEALING WITH A NUMBER OF OUTSIDERS.
AFTER THE 1812 WAR AMERICANS TOOK OVER THE BRITISH TERRITORIES. BY 1854 THE U,S, CEDED MUCH OF THEIR LANDS. THEY SET ASIDE TWO SMALL RESERVATIONS. BY 1856 THEY BUILT PERMANENT HOUSES IN GRAND PORTAGE VILLAGE ABOUT 1856.
IN 1887 AND 1889 SPECULATORS COULD GRAB LARGE PORTIONS OF RESIDENTIAL LAND. IN 1934 THE INDIAN REORGANIZATION ACT HAD THE GRAND PORTAGE JOIN THE MINNESOTA CHIPPEWA TRIBE. THEY HAD NEW LEADERSHIP AND BOUGHT BACK SOME OF THE LAND.
DURING THE DEPRESSION, THESE MEN WORKED ON CCC PROJECTS AND ON EXCAVATION PROJECTS AROUND THE OLD STOCKADE, AND IN LOGGING CAMPS. IN 1960 THEY NEGOTIATED WITH HOTEL CORPORATION TO BUILD A CASINO,LODGE AND A RADISSON HOTEL.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
GRANDEPORTAGE.COM
SONOMA COUNTY FAIR
LAST NIGHT TO THE COUNTY FAIR AND IT WAS COLD. PEOPLE WERE DRESSED LIKE IT WAS 80 DEGREES BUT IT WAS ONLY 50 DEGREES. ANYWAY I KEPT WALKING AROUND TO KEEP WARM. I WENT TO SEE THE FARM ANIMALS AND PET THE SMALL SHEEP, LLAMAS, AND DEER IN A PETTING ZOO. I STOPPED AT THE SHEEP CONTEST WHERE THERE WERE GIRLS DRESSED IN NICE CLOTHES WHO HAD SHOWN THEIR SHEEP AND THEY ALL GOT SOME KIND OF REWARDS. I ALSO STOPPED TO HEAR THE COUNTRY WESTERN MUSIC AND THEY GAVE ONE MUSICIAN AN AWARD FOR THE BEST SINGER. HE WAS OVER COME WITH THE ANNOUNCEMENT.
I WENT TO THE HALL OF FLOWERS AND MET A FIJIAN WOMAN THERE. THE THEME WAS FOUNTAINS. ONE EXHIBIT WAS ABOUT "ALICE IN WONDERLAND" AND ONE EXHIBIT HAD WATER SPOUTING OUT OF TEA CUPS AND TEAPOTS. ANOTHER INTERESTING EXHIBIT WAS A LARGE FOUNTAIN WITH BACKGROUND MOSAICS OF MEXICAN DESIGN. ABOUT ONE HALF OF THE PEOPLE THERE WERE HISPANICS.
I AGAIN WAS AMAZED AT SEEING THE SAME TOOTHPICK SCULPTURE THAT WAS THERE TWO YEARS AGO. IT WAS MADE BY A MAN WHO WORKS AT A GROCERY. IT IS ABOUT A 7' X 4' SCULPTURE OF SAN FRANCISCO'S VARIOUS SPECIAL BUILDINGS - THE GOLDEN GATE GATE BRIDGE, THE OAKLAND BRIDGE, COIT TOWER, CHINATOWN, CHINESE JUNKS, SOME HISTORIC SHIPS, A PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE CITY, CLIFF HOUSE, AND SEVERAL TROLLEYS. THE INTERESTING THING ABOUT THIS SCULPTURE WAS THAT IT WAS BUILT WITHOUT AN OVER ALL DESIGN AND HE MADE A ROLLER COASTER FOR A SMALL SET OF PING PONG BALLS TO ROLL AROUND IT! IT IS VERY UNUSUAL. A MAN WHO HAD LIVED IN SAN FRANCISCO EXPLAINED IT TO PEOPLE.
I WENT TO THE HALL OF FLOWERS AND MET A FIJIAN WOMAN THERE. THE THEME WAS FOUNTAINS. ONE EXHIBIT WAS ABOUT "ALICE IN WONDERLAND" AND ONE EXHIBIT HAD WATER SPOUTING OUT OF TEA CUPS AND TEAPOTS. ANOTHER INTERESTING EXHIBIT WAS A LARGE FOUNTAIN WITH BACKGROUND MOSAICS OF MEXICAN DESIGN. ABOUT ONE HALF OF THE PEOPLE THERE WERE HISPANICS.
I AGAIN WAS AMAZED AT SEEING THE SAME TOOTHPICK SCULPTURE THAT WAS THERE TWO YEARS AGO. IT WAS MADE BY A MAN WHO WORKS AT A GROCERY. IT IS ABOUT A 7' X 4' SCULPTURE OF SAN FRANCISCO'S VARIOUS SPECIAL BUILDINGS - THE GOLDEN GATE GATE BRIDGE, THE OAKLAND BRIDGE, COIT TOWER, CHINATOWN, CHINESE JUNKS, SOME HISTORIC SHIPS, A PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE CITY, CLIFF HOUSE, AND SEVERAL TROLLEYS. THE INTERESTING THING ABOUT THIS SCULPTURE WAS THAT IT WAS BUILT WITHOUT AN OVER ALL DESIGN AND HE MADE A ROLLER COASTER FOR A SMALL SET OF PING PONG BALLS TO ROLL AROUND IT! IT IS VERY UNUSUAL. A MAN WHO HAD LIVED IN SAN FRANCISCO EXPLAINED IT TO PEOPLE.
Thursday, July 28, 2011
UTE TRIBE IN WYOMING.
UTE ARE AN IMPORTANT DIVISION OF SHOSHONEANS. THERE ARE TWO UTE TRIBES. ONE IS NON ALGONQUIAN WHILE THE OTHER IS ANISHINABE. THEIR LAND LOOKED LIKE THE GREAT BASIS. AS IT TURNED OUT THE ANISHINABE NATION OVERTOOK THE UTES IN EARLY 1600'S. THE WHITES WHO CAME DID NOT LIKE THIS AREA. SOME OF THE INDIANS JOINED THE WHITES TO HELP THEM DESTROY NATIVE AMERICANS. AFTER THIS MANY SMALLER RESERVATIONS WERE SET ASIDE FOR THE ANISHINABE AND BANNOCK IN 1887. MOST LATER MOVED TO CALIFORNIA AND COLORADO.
ANISHINABE-HISTORY.COM
ACCESSGENEOLOGY.COM
ANISHINABE-HISTORY.COM
ACCESSGENEOLOGY.COM
BOISE TRIBE IN MINNESOTA
BOISE FORT TRIBE SPEAK OJIBWA AND THEIR NAME MEANS "MEN OF THICK FIR WOOD". THEY LIVE NEAR CANADA. THEY LIVE ON A RESERVATION THE LARGEST IN MINNESOTA. THEY ARE ONE OF SIX MEMBERS OF THE MIAMI CHIPPEWA. IN 2007 THEY HAD 300 PEOPLE. IN 1866 THEY ENTERED INTO A TREATY WITH THE U.S. TO FORM ONE BAND INSTEAD OF THREE HISTORIC BANDS
THE BAND OPERATES THE NETT LAKE WILD RICE COOPERATIVE. THEY OWN AND OPERATE A CAR WASH PRODUCTS FIRM, AND A RADIO STATION.
WKIPEDIA.COM
THE BAND OPERATES THE NETT LAKE WILD RICE COOPERATIVE. THEY OWN AND OPERATE A CAR WASH PRODUCTS FIRM, AND A RADIO STATION.
WKIPEDIA.COM
FOND DU LAC INDIANS ARE IN MINNESOTA
THE FOND DU LAC MEANS "WHERE THE CURRENT IS BLOCKED" IN OJIBWA LANGUAGE. THEIR RESERVATION IS IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA. THEIR TRIBE CEDED LAND AS PART OF AN 1837 TREATY ALONG WITH OTHER BANDS. THEY CEDED LAND IN 1842 AND 1854.
ANCESTORS OF THE CHUPE HAVE RESIDED HERE AT LAST FROM 800 A.D. THEY SPEAK ALGONQUIN. EUROPEANS GRADUALLY CONTROLLED SOME OF THEIR TERRITORY. THE FIRST RECORDED CONTACT WITH EUROPEANS CAME IN 1622 WHEN ELIENNE BRULE MET WITH THE CHIPPEWA. THEY WERE A HUNTER/GATHERER CULTURE THAT FISHEDIN THE LAKES AND RIVERS IN THE SUMMER TIME. THEY HUNTED IN THE WINTER. IN SPRING TIME THEY COLLECTED MAPLE SYRUP AND IT WAS BOILED DOWN TO SUGAR. IN AUTUMN FAMILIES GATHERED TO COLLECT WILD RICE . THEIR LIFESTYLE WAS INFLUENCED BY SEASONAL ACTIVITIES. THE CHIPPEWA WERE ISOLATED TO FAMILY GROUPS IN WINTER AND HIGHLY SOCIAL IN SUMMER OR SPRING. TRIBAL AFFILIATIONS WERE DEVELOPED THROUGH RITUAL S AND COMMUNAL ACTIVITIES. BANDS WERE RECOGNIZED AS CHIEFS. THE CLAN SYMBOL ONCE FIGURED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE CULTURE. CLAN IDENTITY WAS PASSED THE FATHER TO HIS CHILDREN. EACH CLAN HAD A SPECIAL ANIMAL IN REVERENCE. MARRIAGE WAS ONLY OUTSIDE OF CLANS.
PROLONGED CONTACT WITH EUROPEAN TRADERS CHANGED THEIR NOMADIC LIFESTYLE OF THE CHIPPEWA. MANY CUSTOMS WERE LOST DURING GENERATIONS . TRADITIONAL MEDICINE PERSISTED SUCCESSFULLY. THE FRENCH GOT ALONG WELL WITH THE FOND DU LAC. SOME FRENCH MARRIED NATIVE WOMEN AND LEARNED THEIR LANGUAGE.
IN THE 1760'S THE ENGLISH DROVE THE FRENCH AWAY FROM THE CHIPPEWA LAND. THE TREATIES FORCED THE NATIVES TO LIVE NONINDIAN LIFESTYLES AND VALUES. THE BANDS OF LAKE SUPERIOR AND MINNISOTA CHIPPEWA CEDED APPROXIMATELY .......???
IN 1997 THEY BUILT A TRIBAL BUILDING FOR SPORTS, SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AND A COMMUNITY CENTER. THEY HAVE A NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DIVISION AND A HEALTH CLINIC. THEY HAVE FOUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND A COMMUNITY COLLEGE. THEY OPERATE TWO CASINOS AND A HOTEL.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
ANCESTORS OF THE CHUPE HAVE RESIDED HERE AT LAST FROM 800 A.D. THEY SPEAK ALGONQUIN. EUROPEANS GRADUALLY CONTROLLED SOME OF THEIR TERRITORY. THE FIRST RECORDED CONTACT WITH EUROPEANS CAME IN 1622 WHEN ELIENNE BRULE MET WITH THE CHIPPEWA. THEY WERE A HUNTER/GATHERER CULTURE THAT FISHEDIN THE LAKES AND RIVERS IN THE SUMMER TIME. THEY HUNTED IN THE WINTER. IN SPRING TIME THEY COLLECTED MAPLE SYRUP AND IT WAS BOILED DOWN TO SUGAR. IN AUTUMN FAMILIES GATHERED TO COLLECT WILD RICE . THEIR LIFESTYLE WAS INFLUENCED BY SEASONAL ACTIVITIES. THE CHIPPEWA WERE ISOLATED TO FAMILY GROUPS IN WINTER AND HIGHLY SOCIAL IN SUMMER OR SPRING. TRIBAL AFFILIATIONS WERE DEVELOPED THROUGH RITUAL S AND COMMUNAL ACTIVITIES. BANDS WERE RECOGNIZED AS CHIEFS. THE CLAN SYMBOL ONCE FIGURED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE CULTURE. CLAN IDENTITY WAS PASSED THE FATHER TO HIS CHILDREN. EACH CLAN HAD A SPECIAL ANIMAL IN REVERENCE. MARRIAGE WAS ONLY OUTSIDE OF CLANS.
PROLONGED CONTACT WITH EUROPEAN TRADERS CHANGED THEIR NOMADIC LIFESTYLE OF THE CHIPPEWA. MANY CUSTOMS WERE LOST DURING GENERATIONS . TRADITIONAL MEDICINE PERSISTED SUCCESSFULLY. THE FRENCH GOT ALONG WELL WITH THE FOND DU LAC. SOME FRENCH MARRIED NATIVE WOMEN AND LEARNED THEIR LANGUAGE.
IN THE 1760'S THE ENGLISH DROVE THE FRENCH AWAY FROM THE CHIPPEWA LAND. THE TREATIES FORCED THE NATIVES TO LIVE NONINDIAN LIFESTYLES AND VALUES. THE BANDS OF LAKE SUPERIOR AND MINNISOTA CHIPPEWA CEDED APPROXIMATELY .......???
IN 1997 THEY BUILT A TRIBAL BUILDING FOR SPORTS, SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AND A COMMUNITY CENTER. THEY HAVE A NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DIVISION AND A HEALTH CLINIC. THEY HAVE FOUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND A COMMUNITY COLLEGE. THEY OPERATE TWO CASINOS AND A HOTEL.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
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