FROM LABOR DAY TO THE END OF SEPTEMBER THEIR IS AN INTERESTING EVENT HAPPENING AT THE SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS ACADEMY. THEIR IS AN OLD CHIMNEY WHERE THE SMALLEST SWIFTS IN NORTH AMERICA ROOST. THEY ARE CALLED VAUX SWIFTS. DURING LABOR DAY TO THE END OF SEPTEMBER THEIR IS A BLACK VORTEX OF SWIFTS FLYING AROUND SUNSET OF 10,0000 BIRDS THAT COME TO SLEEP OVERNIGHT IN A LARGE CHIMNEY. THEN IN THE MORNING THEY FLY OUT TO FEED DURING THE DAY THEY FLY OUT TO FEED . THEY HEAD TO SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA DURING THE WINTER. THEN IN APRIL THEY COME BACK HERE. THEY FINALLY NEST IN BRITISH COLUMBIA IN THE SPRING.
SCIENCE TEACHER, 7TH DAY ADVENTIST ACADEMY IN HEALDSBURG
Thursday, February 23, 2012
GRACE HUDSON MUSEUM VISIT
THE GRACE HUDSON MUSEUM WAS OPEN IN 1986. I VISITED IT IN LAST WEEKEND. IT IS AN IMPORTANT EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE AND HAS OVER 30,000 OBJECTS OF HISTORIC AND PREHISTORIC VALUE. THEIR FOCUS IS ON THE HISTORY OF THE POMO INDIANS. JOHN HUDSON WAS A HOMEOPATHIC DOCTOR TURNED ETNOGRAPHER. BOTH HE AND GRACE BECAME WITH THE POMO AND HE BOUGHT A NUMBER OF BASKETS. SOME OF THESE ARE IN PRIVATE COLLECTIONS, THIS MUSEUM, AND THE SMITHSONIAN. HE AND GRACE PHOTOGRAPHED MANY OF THE INDIANS WHERE THEY LIVED IN THE LATE 1800'S.
THEY HAD AN ARCHITECT DESIGN THEIR CHARMING HOUSE IN 1911. IT WAS A CRAFTSMAN BUNGALOW HOUSE OF REDWOOD AND HAD ABOUT 5 ROOMS. IT IS ON THE HISTORIC REGISTER. A DOCENT GAVE US A TOUR OF THE HOUSE. I HAD NOT BEEN THERE FOR YEARS. THEY HAD FRIENDS SUCH AS LUTHER BURBANK.
GRACE LIVED UNTIL 1937 AND WAS FROM A WELL EDUCATED PIONEER FAMILY. SHE HAD AN EARLY TALENT FOR PORTRAITURE AND WAS TRAINED IN ART AT A SAN FRANCISCO COLLEGE. MOST OF HER PAINTINGS WERE OF THE POMO AND SOME HAWAIIANS. SHE BECAME NATIONALLY FAMOUS AND
'THE PAINTER LADY
' BOOK DESCRIBES HER LIFE AND THE LIFE OF THE POMO SHE PAINTED.
JOHN WAS FROM NASHVILLE. HE PRACTICED HOMEOPATHIC MEDICE THERE FOR A FEW YEARS BEFORE MOVING TO NORTHERN CALIFORNIA IN 1889. HE BECAME INTERESTED IN THE POMO . HE SPENT THE REST OF HIS LIFE AS A COLLECTOR AND SCHOLAR. HE RESEARCHED THEIR LIFESTYLE AS WELL AND BECAME AN ETHNOGRAPHER.
THE MUSEUM HAS COLLECTED ENOUGH MONEY TO BUILD A NEW WING ON THE MUSEUM. THEIR IS A KWAIKIUTL TOTEM POLE AT THE ENTRANCE. THE SUN HOUSE WAS NAMED FROM A HOPI SUN SIGN, A SYMBOL OF ETERNAL LIFE. THE HUDSON'S USED IT AS THEIR FAMILY EMBLEM.
THEIR ARE NUMEROUS HISTORIC BASKETS THAT WERE MADE AS WELL AS DESCRIPTIONS OF HER PAINTINGS. I USED TO DO YOGA CLASSES HERE IN ONE WING WHEN WE LIVED HER. THEY ARE PLANNING A $400,000 WING.
GRACEHUDSONMUSEUM.ORG
THEY HAD AN ARCHITECT DESIGN THEIR CHARMING HOUSE IN 1911. IT WAS A CRAFTSMAN BUNGALOW HOUSE OF REDWOOD AND HAD ABOUT 5 ROOMS. IT IS ON THE HISTORIC REGISTER. A DOCENT GAVE US A TOUR OF THE HOUSE. I HAD NOT BEEN THERE FOR YEARS. THEY HAD FRIENDS SUCH AS LUTHER BURBANK.
GRACE LIVED UNTIL 1937 AND WAS FROM A WELL EDUCATED PIONEER FAMILY. SHE HAD AN EARLY TALENT FOR PORTRAITURE AND WAS TRAINED IN ART AT A SAN FRANCISCO COLLEGE. MOST OF HER PAINTINGS WERE OF THE POMO AND SOME HAWAIIANS. SHE BECAME NATIONALLY FAMOUS AND
'THE PAINTER LADY
' BOOK DESCRIBES HER LIFE AND THE LIFE OF THE POMO SHE PAINTED.
JOHN WAS FROM NASHVILLE. HE PRACTICED HOMEOPATHIC MEDICE THERE FOR A FEW YEARS BEFORE MOVING TO NORTHERN CALIFORNIA IN 1889. HE BECAME INTERESTED IN THE POMO . HE SPENT THE REST OF HIS LIFE AS A COLLECTOR AND SCHOLAR. HE RESEARCHED THEIR LIFESTYLE AS WELL AND BECAME AN ETHNOGRAPHER.
THE MUSEUM HAS COLLECTED ENOUGH MONEY TO BUILD A NEW WING ON THE MUSEUM. THEIR IS A KWAIKIUTL TOTEM POLE AT THE ENTRANCE. THE SUN HOUSE WAS NAMED FROM A HOPI SUN SIGN, A SYMBOL OF ETERNAL LIFE. THE HUDSON'S USED IT AS THEIR FAMILY EMBLEM.
THEIR ARE NUMEROUS HISTORIC BASKETS THAT WERE MADE AS WELL AS DESCRIPTIONS OF HER PAINTINGS. I USED TO DO YOGA CLASSES HERE IN ONE WING WHEN WE LIVED HER. THEY ARE PLANNING A $400,000 WING.
GRACEHUDSONMUSEUM.ORG
Wednesday, February 22, 2012
WICHI INDIANS IN ARGENTINA
THE WICHI FISHERMEN DETECTS THE FISH BY NOTING MOVEMENTS IN THE RIVER. THEY USE A NET AND SWING IT DOWNWARD IN A TRAP. FOR 90 YEARS THEY HAVE ENDURED A GRADUAL TAKEOVER OF THEIR LAND BY OUTSIDERS. ONCE A FERTILE GRASSLAND THAT WAS ONCE A FERTILE DOTTED AREA WITH BUSHES AND TREES IS NOW A SOMEWHAT DESERT WITH MANY ANIMALS GONE.
THEY ARE NOT GOING TO DISAPPEAR. HOWEVER THEIR TRADITIONAL WAY OF LIFE IS VANISHING AS THE OUTSIDE WORLD IS SLOWLY TAKING OVER. THEY ARE ORGANIZING TO SECURE THEIR LAND
SINCE THE TURN OF THE CENTURY THE EUROPEANS HAVE KILLED A NUMBER OF THEM, ALONG WITH A DISEASE. THESE FOLKS EXPLOITED THEIR ENVIRONMENT. TODAY THEY ARE STILL ABOUT 20 TO 50,000 IN A SEMI-ARID REGION. THEY LIVE INTIMATELY WITH THEIR SURROUNDINGS. THEY LIVE IN SCORCHING HEAT OF 50 DEGREES C. THEY FISH IN THE WINTER . IN SUMMER THEY GROW CORN, MELONS, BEANS, BEANS, PUMPKINS, IN SUMMER GARDENS. THEY HUNT QA VARIETY OF MAMMALS THEY MARRY SOME OF THEIR NEIGHBORS.
NATIVE WEB.ORG
THEY ARE NOT GOING TO DISAPPEAR. HOWEVER THEIR TRADITIONAL WAY OF LIFE IS VANISHING AS THE OUTSIDE WORLD IS SLOWLY TAKING OVER. THEY ARE ORGANIZING TO SECURE THEIR LAND
SINCE THE TURN OF THE CENTURY THE EUROPEANS HAVE KILLED A NUMBER OF THEM, ALONG WITH A DISEASE. THESE FOLKS EXPLOITED THEIR ENVIRONMENT. TODAY THEY ARE STILL ABOUT 20 TO 50,000 IN A SEMI-ARID REGION. THEY LIVE INTIMATELY WITH THEIR SURROUNDINGS. THEY LIVE IN SCORCHING HEAT OF 50 DEGREES C. THEY FISH IN THE WINTER . IN SUMMER THEY GROW CORN, MELONS, BEANS, BEANS, PUMPKINS, IN SUMMER GARDENS. THEY HUNT QA VARIETY OF MAMMALS THEY MARRY SOME OF THEIR NEIGHBORS.
NATIVE WEB.ORG
CHOROTE INDIANS IN ARGENTINA,BOLIVIA, AND PARAGUAN
CHOROTE INDIANS ARE IN PARAGUAN. THEY CALL THEMSELVES " YOXVAXA" MEANING THOSE WHO EAT DOVES. IN 1650'S THEY LIVED IN SOUTHERN CHACO ALONG THE RIVER. THEY WERE FORCED TO MOVE IN LATE COLONIAL TIMES TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE RIVER. THEIR CLIMATE IS TROPICAL. THEY ARE PART OF THE MATACA. IN 1980 THEY HAD 1200 FOLKS.
DURING THE 1900'S OF THEIR NEIGHBORS WERE HOSTILE. THE BOLIVIAN GOVERNMENT SENT OUT TROOPS TO PACIFY THIS TERRITORY. MORE CATTLE RANCHERS OCCUPIED THEIR TERRITORY AND BROUGHT THEIR UNITS INTO CONTACT WITH THE DOMINANT SOCIETY. THE CHACO WAR IN THE 1930'S IMPELLED THE CHOROTE TO MOVE CONTINUOSLY, AND THEY SETTLED IN MISSIONS IN ARGENTINA AND PARAGUAY. BY 1980 THE GOVERNMENT RECOGNIZED THE CHOROTE TO MOVE CONTINUOUSLY AND THEY SETTLED IN MISSIONSIN ARGENTINA AND PARAGUAY. BY 1980 THE GOVERNMENT RECOGNIZED THE NATIVE TERRITORY. SOME OF THE LAND WAS CEDED TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLES.
THEIR HOUSES WERE OF TWO TYPES: SEMI-SEDENTARY VILLAGES IN THE RAINY SEASON. THEIR DENSEST VILLAGES WERE ALONG THE RIVER BANKS. THE HUTS WERE IN A CIRCLE WITH AN OPENING TO THE PLAZA. DURING THE DRY SEASON THEY WENT TO TEMPORARY CAMPS. SOME OF THEM WERE IN MISSIONS. THEIR CIRCULAR ANCIENT VILLAGE WAS REPLACED BY A LUNAR PATTERN AS THEY MADE HOUSES OF MODERN DAY MATERIALS.
THEY DID NOT MARRY WITHIN THE TRIBE. THEIR MATRILOCAL FAMILY LINCLUDED 3 GENERATIONS 3 GENERATIONS. THE NUCLEAR FAMILY IS THE RESULT OF MIGRANT WORKERS AND WAGE EARNING SINCE THE 1900'S.
GRANDPARENTS WERE IMPORTANT TO THE FAMILY AS SOCIAL AND FOR TEACHING CHILDREN LEGENDS. THIS GIVES THE PARENTS A BREAK IN CONTINUAL CHILD RAISING. THE CHOYOTE RELIGIOUS BELIEF IS EXPRESSED THROUGH A DIALECTIC BETWEEN PRINCIPALS OF ORDER IN CONTEMPORARY TIME AND CHAOS IN MYTHICAL TIMES. THEY HAVE COMBINED NATIVE AND CHRISTIAN BELIEF. THEIR NATIVE BELIEF WAS IN A GROUP OF DIETIES. SOME WERE TRICKSTERS AND OTHERS WERE VERY ORDERLY.
ROLES OF RELIGIOIN WERE ACQUIRED THROUGH THE CHANNEL OF SHAMANISM. THE ANGELICAN MISSIONS LED A RIVALRY BETWEEN MODERN LEADERS. THEY HAVE CEREMONIES THAT HAVE MUCH DEBATE. THEY SERVE AND MAINTAIN A PERSON'S FULFILLMENT AND WAY TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES. THEY HAVE MUSIC AND DANCING.
ILLNESS IS CAUSED BY BOTH NATURAL AND SUPERNATURAL PHENOMENON AND MAY BE CURED ACCORDINGLY WITH THE HELP OF MEDICINE OR A CURER. THEIR MEDICINES ARE DERIVED FROM PLANTS, FLOWERS, AND A CURER. WESTERN MEDICINES ARE PRESCRIBED BY CLINICAL DOCTORS AS WELL AS ANCIENT METHODS.
THEY BELIEVE IN REINCARNATION AND INCLUDE SOME FOOD AND OTHER ITEMS WITH THEM FOR THEIR JOURNEY.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
DURING THE 1900'S OF THEIR NEIGHBORS WERE HOSTILE. THE BOLIVIAN GOVERNMENT SENT OUT TROOPS TO PACIFY THIS TERRITORY. MORE CATTLE RANCHERS OCCUPIED THEIR TERRITORY AND BROUGHT THEIR UNITS INTO CONTACT WITH THE DOMINANT SOCIETY. THE CHACO WAR IN THE 1930'S IMPELLED THE CHOROTE TO MOVE CONTINUOSLY, AND THEY SETTLED IN MISSIONS IN ARGENTINA AND PARAGUAY. BY 1980 THE GOVERNMENT RECOGNIZED THE CHOROTE TO MOVE CONTINUOUSLY AND THEY SETTLED IN MISSIONSIN ARGENTINA AND PARAGUAY. BY 1980 THE GOVERNMENT RECOGNIZED THE NATIVE TERRITORY. SOME OF THE LAND WAS CEDED TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLES.
THEIR HOUSES WERE OF TWO TYPES: SEMI-SEDENTARY VILLAGES IN THE RAINY SEASON. THEIR DENSEST VILLAGES WERE ALONG THE RIVER BANKS. THE HUTS WERE IN A CIRCLE WITH AN OPENING TO THE PLAZA. DURING THE DRY SEASON THEY WENT TO TEMPORARY CAMPS. SOME OF THEM WERE IN MISSIONS. THEIR CIRCULAR ANCIENT VILLAGE WAS REPLACED BY A LUNAR PATTERN AS THEY MADE HOUSES OF MODERN DAY MATERIALS.
THEY DID NOT MARRY WITHIN THE TRIBE. THEIR MATRILOCAL FAMILY LINCLUDED 3 GENERATIONS 3 GENERATIONS. THE NUCLEAR FAMILY IS THE RESULT OF MIGRANT WORKERS AND WAGE EARNING SINCE THE 1900'S.
GRANDPARENTS WERE IMPORTANT TO THE FAMILY AS SOCIAL AND FOR TEACHING CHILDREN LEGENDS. THIS GIVES THE PARENTS A BREAK IN CONTINUAL CHILD RAISING. THE CHOYOTE RELIGIOUS BELIEF IS EXPRESSED THROUGH A DIALECTIC BETWEEN PRINCIPALS OF ORDER IN CONTEMPORARY TIME AND CHAOS IN MYTHICAL TIMES. THEY HAVE COMBINED NATIVE AND CHRISTIAN BELIEF. THEIR NATIVE BELIEF WAS IN A GROUP OF DIETIES. SOME WERE TRICKSTERS AND OTHERS WERE VERY ORDERLY.
ROLES OF RELIGIOIN WERE ACQUIRED THROUGH THE CHANNEL OF SHAMANISM. THE ANGELICAN MISSIONS LED A RIVALRY BETWEEN MODERN LEADERS. THEY HAVE CEREMONIES THAT HAVE MUCH DEBATE. THEY SERVE AND MAINTAIN A PERSON'S FULFILLMENT AND WAY TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES. THEY HAVE MUSIC AND DANCING.
ILLNESS IS CAUSED BY BOTH NATURAL AND SUPERNATURAL PHENOMENON AND MAY BE CURED ACCORDINGLY WITH THE HELP OF MEDICINE OR A CURER. THEIR MEDICINES ARE DERIVED FROM PLANTS, FLOWERS, AND A CURER. WESTERN MEDICINES ARE PRESCRIBED BY CLINICAL DOCTORS AS WELL AS ANCIENT METHODS.
THEY BELIEVE IN REINCARNATION AND INCLUDE SOME FOOD AND OTHER ITEMS WITH THEM FOR THEIR JOURNEY.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
Tuesday, February 21, 2012
AYMARA INDIAN IN ARGENTINA
THEIR NAME MEANS HUMAN LANGUAGE. IT INCLUDED ALL PEOPLE WHO SPOKE AYMARA LANGUAGE. THIS GROUP ARE ON A HIGH PLATEAU IN THE ANDES ABOUT 4000M ABOVE SEA LEVEL.. THEY ARE IN THE CENTER OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN CONTINENT. THEY LIVE IN THE CENTER OF SOUTH AMERICA ABOUT 7000M IN ELEVATION. THE SUMMER HAS DAILY RAINFALLS. IN 1950 THEIR POPULATION WAS 600,000 TO 900,000, PRIMARILY LIVING IN BOLIVIA. MANY STILL IN PERU. THE AYMARA ARE CONSIDERED DESCENDANTS OF SOME OF EARLIEST NATIVES HERE -THE TIAHUANACO. THEY LIVED HERE ABOUT 500 TO 200 A.D. TO A.D.1000. THEY SUDDENLY COLLAPSED. MOST FOLKS FROM ECUADOR, CHILI, ANS ARGENTINA WERE LINKED CLOSELY IN ECONOMY AND POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE INCAS. BUT THE AYMARA RETAINED THEIR LANGUAGE.
AFTER IN IN 1533, THE AYMARA SHARED THE FATE OF TH MOST SOUTH AMERICAN PEOPLE - SUPPRESSION. SPANIARDS EXPLOITED METAL AND FORCED THE INDIANS TO WORK IN MINES. IN 1825 THE REPUBLIC OF BOLIVIA RESULTED AFTER 15 YEARS OF WAR. THE BOLIVIAN AYMARA HAD A REVOLUTION IN 1952, LEADING TO ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REFORM. THIS STORMY POLITICAL SCENE HAS RESULTED IN AN UNDEVELOPED ECONOMY, POOR COMMUNITIES AND OTHER OTHER INDIAN PROBLEMS.
THE AYMARA SWITCHED TO PASTORALISM AND AGRICULTURE. THEY SETTLED IN A SMALL CLUSTER THROUGHOUT THE ALTIPLANO. SEVERAL 1000 YEARS LATER IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD , THEY HAD 2 TYPES OF HIGHLAND COMMUNITIES. A HACIENDA COMMUNITY AND A FREE HOLDING COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIVERGING SETTLEMENTS. THEIR HOMES BECAME WIDELY DISPERSED IN THE COMUNARIO, WHEREAS THE COLONIO WERE CLOSE KNIT CLUSTERS. THE BUILDINGS OF EACH UNIT WERE SURROUNDED WITH WALLS. IN THE 1950'S THEY BUILT URBAN CENTERS. TODAY THE AYMARA ARE PRACTICING CATHOLICISM. THEY BLEND IT WITH INDIGENOUS RELIGION. THEY BELIEVE IN THE SUPERNATURAL PHENOMENON AS CLASSIFIED SIMILAR TO NATURAL ONES. RELIGIOUS LEADERS WERE RANKED. SOME ANCIENT RITES ARE STILL PRACTICED THEIR SPIRITS LIVE IN HEAVEN AND HIGH MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES AND SACRED PLACES.
SEVERAL TYPES OF MAGICIANS ARE INTERMEDIARIES BETWEEN NATURAL AND THE SUPERNATURAL THEIR PRACTITIONERS WANT TO BRING ABOUT A BALANCE. MAGIC IS USED TO CURE SICKNESS, PLANTING, HARVESTING, CHILD BIRTH, AND OTHER RITUALS. THEY HAVE SEVERAL TYPES OF FIESTAS.
DURING CEREMONIES THEY HAVE BANDS AND DANCING. ILLNESS IS CAUSED BY NATURAL AND SUPERNATIONAL PHENOMENA. THEY CURE OF MEDICINE FROM PLANTS, FLOWERS, AND LEAVES AND TEAS. DOCTORS AND INDIGENOUS METHODS ARE USED. THEY HAVE FORMAL RITES OF PASSAGES FOR THE DECEASED. IT CAN BE A PERIOD OF 3 TO 10 YEARS. THEY BELIEVE THEIR SOULS COME BACK EARTH.
EVERY CULTURE.COM
AFTER IN IN 1533, THE AYMARA SHARED THE FATE OF TH MOST SOUTH AMERICAN PEOPLE - SUPPRESSION. SPANIARDS EXPLOITED METAL AND FORCED THE INDIANS TO WORK IN MINES. IN 1825 THE REPUBLIC OF BOLIVIA RESULTED AFTER 15 YEARS OF WAR. THE BOLIVIAN AYMARA HAD A REVOLUTION IN 1952, LEADING TO ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REFORM. THIS STORMY POLITICAL SCENE HAS RESULTED IN AN UNDEVELOPED ECONOMY, POOR COMMUNITIES AND OTHER OTHER INDIAN PROBLEMS.
THE AYMARA SWITCHED TO PASTORALISM AND AGRICULTURE. THEY SETTLED IN A SMALL CLUSTER THROUGHOUT THE ALTIPLANO. SEVERAL 1000 YEARS LATER IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD , THEY HAD 2 TYPES OF HIGHLAND COMMUNITIES. A HACIENDA COMMUNITY AND A FREE HOLDING COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIVERGING SETTLEMENTS. THEIR HOMES BECAME WIDELY DISPERSED IN THE COMUNARIO, WHEREAS THE COLONIO WERE CLOSE KNIT CLUSTERS. THE BUILDINGS OF EACH UNIT WERE SURROUNDED WITH WALLS. IN THE 1950'S THEY BUILT URBAN CENTERS. TODAY THE AYMARA ARE PRACTICING CATHOLICISM. THEY BLEND IT WITH INDIGENOUS RELIGION. THEY BELIEVE IN THE SUPERNATURAL PHENOMENON AS CLASSIFIED SIMILAR TO NATURAL ONES. RELIGIOUS LEADERS WERE RANKED. SOME ANCIENT RITES ARE STILL PRACTICED THEIR SPIRITS LIVE IN HEAVEN AND HIGH MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES AND SACRED PLACES.
SEVERAL TYPES OF MAGICIANS ARE INTERMEDIARIES BETWEEN NATURAL AND THE SUPERNATURAL THEIR PRACTITIONERS WANT TO BRING ABOUT A BALANCE. MAGIC IS USED TO CURE SICKNESS, PLANTING, HARVESTING, CHILD BIRTH, AND OTHER RITUALS. THEY HAVE SEVERAL TYPES OF FIESTAS.
DURING CEREMONIES THEY HAVE BANDS AND DANCING. ILLNESS IS CAUSED BY NATURAL AND SUPERNATIONAL PHENOMENA. THEY CURE OF MEDICINE FROM PLANTS, FLOWERS, AND LEAVES AND TEAS. DOCTORS AND INDIGENOUS METHODS ARE USED. THEY HAVE FORMAL RITES OF PASSAGES FOR THE DECEASED. IT CAN BE A PERIOD OF 3 TO 10 YEARS. THEY BELIEVE THEIR SOULS COME BACK EARTH.
EVERY CULTURE.COM
TACANA INDIANS IN BOLIVIA
THESE 5000 INDIANS LIVE ALONG THE MADRE DE DIOS RIVER. ABOUT 3500 PEOPLE SPEAK THEIR LANGUAGE. THE TACANA LANGUAGE BELONGS TO THE TACANA FAMILY AND IT HAS TWO DIALECTS. AFTER 16TH CENTURY MISSIONARIES ESTABLISHED MISSIONS AMONG THEM. THE TACONAS SPOKE QUECHUA. IN SOME REGIONS QUECHUA HAS ENTIRELY REPLACED THE TACONA LANGUAGE. THESE FOLKS WORK FOR CASH AND ARE LABORERS, CATTLE RAISERS, AND ARE SUBSISTENCE FARMERS.
THEY FORAGE FOR VEGETABLES AND FRUITS; MOST IMPORTANT WERE BRAZIL NUTS. FRUIT OF PALM AND TURTLE EGGS WERE SIGNIFICANT. HUNTING WAS A GROUP EFFORT WITH DOGS. THEY DRUG THE FISH WITH SALOMAN TREE AND SHOOT THEM. LARGER FISH ARE CAUGHT USING A WOODEN DOUBLE HOOK, THE DESIGN OF WHICH IS UNIQUE. THEY RAISE CHICKENS, ADOPTED CATTLE AND HORSE HUSBANDRY. TAGANA ARE ALSO HORTICULRUALISTS.
THEIR GARDENS ARE SCATTERED AND MUCH TIME IS SPENT FROM TRAVELING FROM EACH ONE TO THE OTHER. THEY HAVE BANANA AND PLANTAINS ALONG RIVERS. SOME TACUNA GROUPS, LIVED IN DWELLINGS AVERAGING 18 X 6 M AND HOUSING UP TO 20 FAMILIES. THEY SLEPT IN SMALL HUTS DESIGNED TO EXCLUDE MOSQUITOS. SOME GROUPS SLEPT ON THE GROUND. A CHIEF GAINS HIS PROVISION BY HIS PERSONALITY, HAVING A LARGE FAMILY. SOMETIMES A GROUP SPLITS IF THE NEW CHIEF'S BROTHER WISHES TO BE A CHIEF HIMSELF. A CHIEF'S FOLLOWERS MUST WORK FOR HIM.
CHILDREN MARRY AROUND AGE 10. WOMEN DELIVER THE CHILDREN IN THE FOREST. THEY PLAY A BALL GAME IN WHICH THEY HIT THE BALL WITH THEIR BELLIES. THEY PROTECT THEMSELVES WITH BELTS.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
THEY FORAGE FOR VEGETABLES AND FRUITS; MOST IMPORTANT WERE BRAZIL NUTS. FRUIT OF PALM AND TURTLE EGGS WERE SIGNIFICANT. HUNTING WAS A GROUP EFFORT WITH DOGS. THEY DRUG THE FISH WITH SALOMAN TREE AND SHOOT THEM. LARGER FISH ARE CAUGHT USING A WOODEN DOUBLE HOOK, THE DESIGN OF WHICH IS UNIQUE. THEY RAISE CHICKENS, ADOPTED CATTLE AND HORSE HUSBANDRY. TAGANA ARE ALSO HORTICULRUALISTS.
THEIR GARDENS ARE SCATTERED AND MUCH TIME IS SPENT FROM TRAVELING FROM EACH ONE TO THE OTHER. THEY HAVE BANANA AND PLANTAINS ALONG RIVERS. SOME TACUNA GROUPS, LIVED IN DWELLINGS AVERAGING 18 X 6 M AND HOUSING UP TO 20 FAMILIES. THEY SLEPT IN SMALL HUTS DESIGNED TO EXCLUDE MOSQUITOS. SOME GROUPS SLEPT ON THE GROUND. A CHIEF GAINS HIS PROVISION BY HIS PERSONALITY, HAVING A LARGE FAMILY. SOMETIMES A GROUP SPLITS IF THE NEW CHIEF'S BROTHER WISHES TO BE A CHIEF HIMSELF. A CHIEF'S FOLLOWERS MUST WORK FOR HIM.
CHILDREN MARRY AROUND AGE 10. WOMEN DELIVER THE CHILDREN IN THE FOREST. THEY PLAY A BALL GAME IN WHICH THEY HIT THE BALL WITH THEIR BELLIES. THEY PROTECT THEMSELVES WITH BELTS.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
MOJO INDIANS IN BOLIVIA
17,000 MOJO INDIANS LIVE IN SOUTH CENTRAL BENI. 5,000 SPEAK MOJO, AN ARAWAKEN LANGUAGE. THE SPANISH MET THEM IN 1580. THEY HAD LARGE AGRICULTURAL FIELDS. THEY FOUGHT TWO ATTEMPTS TO TO CONQUER THEM IN THE EARLY 17TH CENTURY. THEY WERE CAPTURED BY SLAVE RAIDERS. BY THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES THEY WERE FORCED TO WORK AS RUBBER TAPPERS AND WORKED AS SERVANTS. THEY BECAME DISPERSED AND KNOW ARE SCATTERED WIDELY.
BY THE 1950'S THEY NOW LIVE PRIVATELY AS SUBSISTENCE FARMERS RAISE MANIOC, BANANAS AND SWEAT POTATOE, MAIZE AND SELL A SMALL SURPLUS OF THESE CROPS. THEY ARE SUCCESSFUL, HUNTERS, FISHERS, AND AGRICULTURE. IN THE PLAINS GROUPS OF MEN HUNT WITH DOGS TO COLLECT DEER. IN THE RAINY SEASONTHEY WOULD CLUB THE ANIMALS IN BOATS. THEY HUNTED DUCKS AFTER A DRINKING BOUT. THEIR CLOTHES WERE MADE FROM THE BARK OF TREES.
THEY MADE POTTERY WITH SPONGE ASHES. THE POWER OF THE CHIEF WAS INFORMAL. THE CHIEFS WERE SHAMANS. THEIR POWER WAS GREATER DURING THE WAR AND WHILE HUNTING. THESE ACTIVITIES REQUIRED STRICT OBEDIENCE.
MOJO MARRIAGES WERE FRAGILE WITH NO CEREMONIES. JUAGUARS WERE THE OBJECT OF CULT WORSHIP. MEN WHO WERE INJURED BY JAGUAR WERE SHAMANS.
EVERY CULTURE.COM
BY THE 1950'S THEY NOW LIVE PRIVATELY AS SUBSISTENCE FARMERS RAISE MANIOC, BANANAS AND SWEAT POTATOE, MAIZE AND SELL A SMALL SURPLUS OF THESE CROPS. THEY ARE SUCCESSFUL, HUNTERS, FISHERS, AND AGRICULTURE. IN THE PLAINS GROUPS OF MEN HUNT WITH DOGS TO COLLECT DEER. IN THE RAINY SEASONTHEY WOULD CLUB THE ANIMALS IN BOATS. THEY HUNTED DUCKS AFTER A DRINKING BOUT. THEIR CLOTHES WERE MADE FROM THE BARK OF TREES.
THEY MADE POTTERY WITH SPONGE ASHES. THE POWER OF THE CHIEF WAS INFORMAL. THE CHIEFS WERE SHAMANS. THEIR POWER WAS GREATER DURING THE WAR AND WHILE HUNTING. THESE ACTIVITIES REQUIRED STRICT OBEDIENCE.
MOJO MARRIAGES WERE FRAGILE WITH NO CEREMONIES. JUAGUARS WERE THE OBJECT OF CULT WORSHIP. MEN WHO WERE INJURED BY JAGUAR WERE SHAMANS.
EVERY CULTURE.COM
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)