THIS COUNTRY HAS THE WORLD'S POPULOUS NATION, 203 MILLION! THEY LIVE ON 1000 ISLANDS. THEY HAVE ABOUT 2 TO 300 ETHNIC GROUPS ON ISLANDS. THEIR PEOPLE ARE MULTI-CULTURAL.THE NATURE OF THE THIS ISLAND IS SIMILAR TO INDIA. THEY STRUGGLE FROM HAVING EUROPEANS TAKE OVER THEIR COUNTRY. TODAY THEY HAVE OVER 200 MILLION FOLKS IN THE ISLANDS. THE NATURE OF THE CULTURE IS SIMILAR TO INDIA. THEIR CLIMATE IS HOT AND NEAR THE EQUATOR.
INDONESIANS ARE SHORT AND HAVE BLACK HAIR AND BROWN SKIN. THEY MINGLE WITH OTHER POLYNESIANS THERE. INDONESIA IS A WORK IN PROGRESS. THE NAME MEANT INDIAN ISLANDS. THE NAME WAS GIVEN WAS GIVEN IN 1850. IT IS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK. INDOS AND HAS PARALLELS IN MELANESIA, MICRONESIA AND POLYNESIA. THE CULTURE IS A WORK IN PROGRESS UNDERGOING PARTICULAR STRESSES. MOST FOLKS ARE MULTIETHNIC. LARGE CITIES MAY CONSIST OF MANY ETHNIC GROUPS AND SOME CITIES HAVE DEVELOPED CENTURIES OF INTERACTION OF PEOPLE AND POLITICAL ADMINISTRATION. SOME REGIONS SHARE A LONG TERM MALAYO-MUSLIM INFLUENCE. UPLAND AND UPLAND AND UPRIVER PEOPLE IN THESE REGIONS HAVE INDIFFERENT SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS ORIENTATIONS.
INDONESIA IS ONE OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST ARCHIPELEGO NATIONS. IT IS SURROUNDING BUY OCEANS AND STRAITS. IT'S LOCATION HAS PLAYED A PROFOUND ROLE IN ECONOMICS, CULTURAL, AND RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENTS.
TRADING SHIPS FOR OVER 2000 YEARS HAVE SAILED FROM INDIA AND CHINA TO THESE ISLANDS WITH SPICES AND FOREST PRODUCTS. SMALL AND LARGE KINGDOMS GREW AS A RESULT OF GREAT TRADE. INDONESIA HAS SOME OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST ISLANDS. THEY HAVE MOUNTAIN PEAKS OF 9000' AND THEY HAVE 400 VOLCANOES. THERE HAVE BEEN 29 ERUPTIONS, SOME WITH TRAFFIC EFFECTS.
JAVA IS THE WORLD'S MOST DENSELY SETTLED AREA, WITH 60% OF THE COUNTRIES POPULATION.
THEY HAVE TWO TYPES OF AGRICULTURE: PERMANENT IRRIGATED RICE AND FARMING AND ROTATING SWIDDEN AND SLASH AND BURN FARMING OF RICE, CORN, BEANS, AND OTHER CROPS. THEIR RELIGION IS MUSLIM, HINDUS, AND BUDDISTS WHICH UNIFIES THEM .
INDONESIA HAD A LONG TIME OF COLONIAL CONTACT. THESE ISLANDS WERE UNDER DUTCH RULE. FROM 1670 TO 1942. THEY WERE INTERESTED PLANTATION CROP AND DID LITTLT DEVELOP SOCIETY. IN 1942 A JAPANESE INVASION LED TO THEIR INDEPENDENCE IN 1949. THE ISLANDS OF JAVA , MADERA, AND BALI MAKE UP 7% LAND AREA. THESE ISLANDS HAVE 63%THE POPULATION AND IS THE CENTER OF MODERN TOURIST INDUSTRY. THERE ARE A DOZEN DIFFERENT CULTURES.
MOST ISLANDS ARE FORM GEOGRAPHICAL ENCLAVES. FORESTS IN THE INNER ISLANDS ARE NOW LARGELY GONE. SOME ISLANDS HAVE RICH JUNGLES. MANY OF THEIR AGRICULTURAL FIELDS HAVE FIELDS HAVE VEGITABLES, TROPICAL FRUITS, SAGO, AND CULTIVATED OR FOREST CROPS AND CULTIVATED OR FOREST CROPS. THEY HAD PLANTATION CROPS OF RUBBER, SISAL, COFFEE, TAX AND TOBACCO AND COCONUTS. OTHER ISLANDS HAVE MINES OF GOLD, TIN, AND NICKLE. SOME HAVE LIQUID GAS.
NATIVE LANGUAGE IS USED IN THEIR HOMES, BUT INDONESIAN IN PUBLIC. THEIR MOTTO IS UNITY AND DIVERSITY. THE CHILDREN SING THE NATIONAL ANTHEM AND BEGIN THEIR DAY WITH RAISING THE FLAG.
ABOUT 200 C.E. THE SMALL STATE'S DECLINATION ABOUT 1400 C.E THERE WERE MUSLIM TRADERS. THE AREA'S ARCHITECTURE WAS DEEPLY INFLUENCED BY INDIA, BUDDHISM, AND HINDUISM. DURING NEXT TWO HUNDRED YEARS DUTCH AND EAST INDIA HAD LOCAL BATTLES AND EAST INDIA COMPANY HAD LOCAL BATTLES TO TRADERS. THE COMPANY WENT BANKRUPT.
IN 1942 THE JAPANESE TOOK OVER THE INDIES AND IMPRISONED DUTCH UNDER HARSH CONDITIONS. BY 1945 THE INDONESIANS DECLARED INDEPEPENDANCE THE DUTCH DID NOT WIN.
PAST CIVILIZATIONS ARE BY ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS. THERE ARE 4 TO 6 MILLION CHINESE HERE. THEY HAVE MOSTLY STAYED IN THEIR SMALL COMMUNITIES. THERE HAS BEEN PERIODIC VIOLENCE TOWARD CHINESE.
INDONESIA HAS BEEN ONE OF THE MOST CORRUPT NATIONS MANIPULATION OF CONTRACTS. BECAUSE JAVA HAS SO MANY FOLKS, THEY HAVE MOVED FOLKS TO OUTER ISLANDS. BUT IT HAS NOT EASED POPULATION PRESSURE IN JAVA. BOTH MEN AND WOMEN SHARE THE VILLAGE CHORES. MEN PLOW FOR AGRICULTURE. AND MEN AND WOMEN HARVEST PLANTS. MEN PREDOMINANTLY HUNT AND FISH. IF MEN SEEK LONG TERM WORK OUTSIDE THE VILLAGE WOMEN MAY DO ALL THE FARMING. WOMEN ARE IN STORES , SMALL INDUSTRIES, AND MARKETS. TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ARE MOSTLY MEN. THERE ARE BOTH HETEROSEXUAL AND HOMOSEXUAL COUPLES. SOME MARIAGES. ARE ARRANGED. MOST FAMILIES ARE NUCLEA4R.
INHERITANCE PATTERNS ARE CHANGING AND CAN PRODUCE CONFLICTS. THEIR GOVERNMENT SYSTEM FOR YOUNG CHILDREN ARE POORLY EQUIPPED. MANY INDONESIANS HAVE GAINED ADVANCED DEGREES ABROAD AND HAVE RETURNED TO SERVE COUNTRY.
WOMEN WALKING ALONE ARE SOME TIMES HARRASSED. IN HOMES PEOPLE ARE TREATED WELL. PATIENCE IS AWARDED AND THEY ARE GIVEN A SUMPTUANCE MEAL BY A HOST. THE MUSLIMS HAVE DIFFERENT CUSTOMS. SOME SHAKE HANDS. PEOPLE LEARN CORRECT BEHAVIOR THROUGH AGE.
80% OF FOLKS HERE ARE MUSLIM. IN 1990 ABOUT 10% ARE
CHRISTIAN FOLKS WITH TWICE AS MANY PROTESTANTS AND A FEW HINDUS. THERE ARE WITCH CRAFT PRACTICES. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS CONVERTED FREELY AMONG NON MUSLIMS.
MOST PEOPLE LIVE IN SMALLSTONE ANS WOOD BAMBOO HOMES IN URBAN VILLAGES OR COMPOUNDS. THEY HAD POOR ACCESSTO CLEAN WATER. TRADITIONAL HOUSES ARE BUILT IN A SINGLE DAY WITH CERTAIN CHURCHES. WINDOWS OF GLASS ARE PRECIOUS ARE PRECIOUS. INDONESIAN CUISINE IS VERY DIVERSE. THE WOMEN IN BALI CARRY TOWERING BASKETS OF FRUIT ON THEIR HEADS DURING TEMPLE FESTIVALS. WHITE RICE IS A STAPLE IN MOST MARKETS. IN OTHER PLACES IT IS SAGO OR CORN. FISH PLAYS A SMALL PART IN THE DIETS. REFRIGERATION IS SOMEWHAT RARE. POOR FOLKS HAVE MUCH LESS ACCESS TO VARIOUS FOODS.
THE MOST STRIKING FESTIVAL IS THE MUSLIM MONTH OF FASTING OR RAMADAN. THEY FAST DURING THE HOT DAY AND DRINK AT NIGHT. AT THE END THEY VISIT EACH OTHER'S HOMES TO SHARE FOOD. SOME FOOD IS SHARED AND SERVED TO THE SPIRITS OF THE DECEASED AND EATEN BY PARTICIPANTS. THEY HAVE CELEBRATIONS ON MARRIAGES AND FUNERALS. SOME SPECIAL OCCASIONS HAVE STRANGE FOODS. SOME HAVE BUFFALO FOR A FUNERAL OR MARRIAGE.
ABOUT 60% ARE FARMERS WHO PRODUCE SUBSISTANCE CROPS. THERE ARE SOME LARGE PLANTATIONS. COMMON FARM ANIMALS ARE CATTLE, BUFFALO, HORSES, CHICKENS AND IN MUSLIM AREAS THEY HAVE PIGS. BOTH FRESHWATER AND SEA FISHING ARE IMPORTANT TO VILLAGE AND NATIONAL ECONOMIES. PROCESSED WOOD IS GOOD FOR EXPORT AND FOR PEOPLE HERE. IN COLONIAL TIMES THE COUNTRY HAD AGRICULTURE FOR SINGLE CRAFT AND THE OTHER WAS EXPORT ORIENTED.
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IN 1997 THEY HAD A SEVERE ECONOMIC DOWNTURN. IN MANY AREAS OF INDONESIA CLANS HAVE LAND RIGHTS. SOME OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES HAVE BEEN WELL KNOWN TRADERS AS ARE THE CHINESE. BUGIS SAILING SHIPS ARE BUILT BY HAND, AND ARE 30 TO 150 TONS AND FOODS TO MANY ISLANDS HERE. THEY HAVE COMPLEX MARKET SYSTEMS WITH VARIOUS WAYS TO TRANSPORT GOODS,
THESE ISLANDS HAVE CHIEFDOMS THAT WERE HIERARCHIALLY ORDERED. THEY HAD CENTERS FOR ARTS.: MUSIC, POETRY, DANCE, THEATRE, POETRY. SILVERMAKING AND BATIKS.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
Friday, September 28, 2012
TRANSPLANTING NATIVE SPECIES
IN CALIFORNIA NATIVES WIDENED THE POPULATION OF NATIVE SPECIES. TRANSPORTING THE NATIVE SPECIES BY TRANSPLANTING OR SOWING SEEDS AT TRADITIONAL COLLECTION SITES AWAY FROM AND ADJACENT TO VILLAGE SITES. THIS WAY OF INTERVENING WITH CERTAIN PLANTS THAT WERE FAVORED GROWING NEAR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES. THIS DELIBERATE MOVEMENT OF PLANTS MOVEMENT OF PLANTS NEAR VILLAGES OCCURRED FOR 1000'S OF YEARS.
IN TREATING THE WILD PLANTS THE NATIVES ALSO REMOVED OR WEEDED CERTAIN PLANTS FROM THEIR VILLAGE AREAS. WE KNOW THEY REMOVED DOUGLAS FIR SEEDLINGS.
LARGE BEDS OF DESIRABLE PLANTS SUCH AS SEDGE AND BRACKEN FERNIN SIERRAS WERE WEEDED IN ORDER TO PRODUCE MORE TUBERS FOR BASKETRY MATERIAL.
THE POMO WEEDED CERTAIN BULBS WITH MEDICINAL VALUE AS WELL. WEEDING IMPROVES THE POTENTIAL OF CERTAIN PLANTS TO BE PRESENT BY CLEARING AWAY DEAD ROOTS AND BRANCHES, AND EXCESSIVE LITTER FROM AROUND THE TRANSPLANTED PLANT. SOME OF THE ROOT OF THE SOAPROOT WAS LEFT FOR REJUVENATION IN SEVERALYEARS.
KAT ANDERSON
Thursday, September 27, 2012
THAILAND CULTURE
ASSOCIATED WITH DOMINANT ETHNIC GROUPS. IT WAS A MONARCHY UNTIL 1952. IN 1939 THEIR NAME CHANGED TO SIAM VS. THAILAND. MILITARY DICTATES RULED UNTIL THE EARLY 1970'S. SINCE THEN THE MILITARY DICTATORS RULED THE NATION, BUT DIMINISHED IN THE 1990'S. MORE LIBERAL POLICIES WERE ADOPTED. THE KINGDOMS OF THAILAND HAS 4 MAIN REGIONS. THE THAI LIVE MAINLY IN THE CENTRAL REGIONS WITH HILLS IN THE CENTRAL REGION.
BANKOK, THE CAPITAL, WAS INVADED IN 1767 BY BURMESE. IT HAS OVER 10 MILLION FOLKS. THEY HAVE 75 ETHNIC GROUPS. THEY HAVE 75 ETHNIC GROUPS WITH 84% OF THE POPULATION. THEY HAVE CHINESE AND MALAY SPEAKING MUSLIMS. MANY ETHNIC GROUPSSPEAK NON KHIMER.
THEIR MOST POTENT NATIONAL SYMBOL IS THE KING AND THE IMAGE OF BUDDISM. THEIR EARLIEST BRONZE ARTIFACT DATE IS 3000 YEARS AGO. THEY HAD AGRICULTURE THAT FAR BACK. IN THE 8TH AND 9TH CENTURIES INDIAN CIVILIZATION WAS IN THIS COUNTRY. AS EARLY AS THE 5TH OR 6TH CENTURY. THAI SPEAKING PEOPLE MIGRATED TO THE SOUTH. THE FOUNDER OF THE KINGDOM PROMOTED BUDDISM. BY 1580 A PART OF THAILAND WAS REJUVENATED . THAILAND IS A MAJOR PRODUCER OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS,
THAILAND IS A HOMOGENOUS COUNTRY WITH 75 ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS. THE CHINESE HAVE BEEN HERE FOR CENTURIES THEY EXPORTED RICE . BY THE 20TH CENTURY THEY HAD THEIR OWN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. BY 1930 THE GOVERNMENT CLOSED THEIR NEWSPAPER.
THEIR TRADITIONAL HOUSE IS RAISED ON A FRAMEWORK OF WOODEN POSTS TP PROTECT FROM FLOODS. UNDERNEATH THE PORCH THE WOMEN COULD SLEEP. THE HOUSE IS MADE OF PRECONSTRUCTED FABRIC THAT FITS TOGETHER. THE REAR OF THE HOUSE HAS A PLACE TO CLOTHES. TYPICASLLY THEY SAT ON MATS AND HAD LITTLE FURNITURE. IN LARGER HOUSES THEY HAVE A SEPARATE KITCHEN AND GRANERY.
RICE IS THE STAPLE AT EVERY MEAL. THEY BRING DISHES OF SIDE PLATES, SOUP, AND SALAD. SOME EAT STICKY RICE. FISH IS POPULAR AS ARE CURRIES. SOME FOLKS EAT MEAT. CHINESE MAKE NOODLE DISHES. SWEETS ARE EATEN AS SNACKS. THEY EAT GREEN PAPAYA SALAD. THE WOMEN USED DECORATIVE CARVING OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS. THEY PRODUCE COMMERCIAL ALCOHOLIC DRINKS.
THE LAND HAS A DIVERSIFIED ORIENTED ECONOMY THAT GREW RAPIDLY IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY. TOURISM HAS LED TO IT'S GROWTH. AGRICULTURAL PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO OVER 60 PERCENT OF THE WORKFORCE. 85% ARE BUDDISTS. LARGE ESTATES ARE RARE. ABOUT 90% OF FARMERS OWN LAND. THEIR PRIMARY AGRICULTURE CROPS ARE RICE, TAPIOCA, SUGAR CON AND FRUITS. IN ADULT TO FRESH AND FROZEN AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS. THEY HAVE LARGE FISHING INDUSTRY. THEY ARE ONE OF THE WORLD'S LEADING PRODUCERS OF RUBBER. THE COUNTRY IS A CENTER CUTTING AND SELLING GEMS. IT IS A PLACE FOR TOURISTS DESTINATION. THE U.S. IS A MAJOR SOURCE OF INVESTMENT.
THEY EXPORT COMPUTERS, CIRCUITS, AND OTHER ELECTRICAL GADGETS.
FOLKS FIND THEIR OWN PARTNERS. DURING MARRIAGE THEY GET MANY GIFTS. POLYGYMY WAS COMMON IN THE PAST BUT NOT NOW. THEY ALSO HAVE DIVORCE WITHOUT LAWYERS.
IDEALLY A MARRIED COUPLE HAS THEIR OWN HOUSEHOLD. MANY LIVE WITH THIS KIND OF HUSBAND OR WIFE. IT OFTEN INCLUDES MEMBERS OF THE EXTENDED FAMILY. THIS COULD INCLUDE INCLUDE SISTERS, BROTHERS, WIDOWED, PARENTS, OR DISTANT RELATIVES. THE HUSBAND IS HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, AND THE WIFE HAS SPENDING AUTHORITY. SHE TAKES CARE OF THE CHILDREN. ADULTS ENJOY THEIR CHILDREN. A MOTHER KEEPS HER BABY WITH HER WHEN OUT OF THE HOUSE. KIDS ARE GIVEN FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT. THEY ARE NO LONGER BREAST AFTER TWO TO THREE YEARS. CHILDREN LEARN HOW TO USE IMPLEMENTS THST THEY WILL LATER USE AND SEE ADULTS PERFORMING AGRICULTURE. GIRLS ARE EDUCATED AT HOME UNTIL 1932 WHEN THEY DEVELOPED PUBLIC SCHOOLS. BOYS ATTENDED BUDDHIST MONASTERIES.
THERE WAS AN ECONOMIC CRISIS IN THE LATE 1990'S WITH AN INCREASE IN CHILDREN UNIVERSITIES, TECHNICAL SCHOOLS, AND RELIGIOUS UNIVERSITIES. THE FIRST UNIVERSITY WAS BUILT IN 1916. IN THE 20'S AN ARTS AND CRAFTS SCHOOL WAS BUILT. ALL OF THE UNIVERSITIES ARE IN BANGKOK. BY 1945 THEY BUILT ANOTHER UNIVERSITY. THERE ARE ONLY PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES THAT FOCUS IN BUSINESS AND EDUCATION.
THE THAI AND BUDDISTS FOLLOW A CUSTOM OF NOT TOUCHING A PERSON ON THE HEAD. THEY REMOVE SANDALSWHEN ENTERING A TEMPLE COMPLEX. MONKS ARE NOT TO COME INTO CONTACT WITH WOMEN. YOU SHOULD MEET A PERSON IN PRAYER LIKE GESTURE. MANY LARGE TREES ARE CONSIDERED TO SERVE AS THE HOME OF SPIRITS WITH OFFERINGS.
THEY NO LONGER HAVE A SIGNIFICANT PRODUCER OF NARCOTICS, BUT IS A ROUTE FOR HEROIN. THESE DRUGS ARE AFFECTING THERE SOCIAL PROBLEMS. THEIR TRADITIONAL HEALERS ARE GENERALLY MALE. TRADING IS CONDUCTED BY BOTH SEXES.
KIN GROUPS MAY SHARE DOMESTIC TASKS. THERE ARE A NUMBER OF RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS THAT ARE HELD THROUGHOUT THE THE COUNTRY. THERE ARE LOCAL EVENTS RELATED TO CERTAIN PLACES RELATED TO AND INDIVIDUALS. THE BUDDIST CALENDAR BEGINS IN MID APRIL WHEN BUDDAS ARE WASHED. THE CELEBRATION IS MARKED BY DOUSING PEOPLE WITH WATER. THEY ALSO HAVE FESTIVE BEHAVIOR WITH DANCING, SINGING, AND THEATRE. IT INCLUDES CEREMONIESOF BANYON TREES WHERE BUDDHA SAT. LENT IS A PERIOD OF CEREMONIAL RETREAT. FOR MONKS. THEY HAVE A FEBRUARY CELEBRATION WHERE CANDLES ARE LIT AT TEMPLES. BUDDISTS BELIEVE THAT THOSE WHO DIE ARE REBORN IN A FORM THAT IS APPROPRIATE TO THE AMOUNT OF MERIT THEY ACCUMULATE WHILE ALIVE.
THEY HAVE AIDS EPIDEMIC AND THE GOVERNMENT AND THE GOVERNMENT IS IS DEVOTING RESOURCES TO PROVIDE FOR ASSISTING PATIENTS. IN THE 1990'S THE GOVERNMENT ADOPTEDA POLICY OF SELF RELIANCE THAT INCLUDED ATTENTION TO TRADITIONNAL MEDICINE. MANY HEALERS ARE UNLICENSED.
THERE IS SUPPORT FOR THE ARTS THROUGH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ARTS AND DANCE RUNS PROGRAMS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. THEY HAVE PRIVATE ART GALLERIES, HOUSES, AND AUCTIONS.
THEIR WRITTEN LITERATURE DATES BACK TO 1250 TO 1350 THEY HAVE POETRY FROM THE 15TH CENTURY.
DURING HISTORIC TIMES THERE WERE ROYAL AND COMMON TEXT TRADITIONS. THE MOBILITY IMPORTED TEXTILE FROM CHINA, INDIA, AND PERSIA. PAINTING WAS DONE AS WELL AS WEAVINGS.. THEY HAVE AN ITALIAN BORN SCULPTURE WHO IS THE CENTRAL FIGURE. OF MODERN ART IN THAILAND.
CLASSICAL DANCE DEVELOPED FROM FOLK DANCES AND ELABORATE DANCING. TEACHER TRAINING AND PUBLISHING IN IN SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES ARE WELL DEVELOPED. THE GOVERNMENT HAS PROGRAMSTO ENCOURAGE STUDENTS TO TAKE PHYSICAL SCIENCE.
THAILANDEVERYCULTURE.COM
BANKOK, THE CAPITAL, WAS INVADED IN 1767 BY BURMESE. IT HAS OVER 10 MILLION FOLKS. THEY HAVE 75 ETHNIC GROUPS. THEY HAVE 75 ETHNIC GROUPS WITH 84% OF THE POPULATION. THEY HAVE CHINESE AND MALAY SPEAKING MUSLIMS. MANY ETHNIC GROUPSSPEAK NON KHIMER.
THEIR MOST POTENT NATIONAL SYMBOL IS THE KING AND THE IMAGE OF BUDDISM. THEIR EARLIEST BRONZE ARTIFACT DATE IS 3000 YEARS AGO. THEY HAD AGRICULTURE THAT FAR BACK. IN THE 8TH AND 9TH CENTURIES INDIAN CIVILIZATION WAS IN THIS COUNTRY. AS EARLY AS THE 5TH OR 6TH CENTURY. THAI SPEAKING PEOPLE MIGRATED TO THE SOUTH. THE FOUNDER OF THE KINGDOM PROMOTED BUDDISM. BY 1580 A PART OF THAILAND WAS REJUVENATED . THAILAND IS A MAJOR PRODUCER OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS,
THAILAND IS A HOMOGENOUS COUNTRY WITH 75 ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS. THE CHINESE HAVE BEEN HERE FOR CENTURIES THEY EXPORTED RICE . BY THE 20TH CENTURY THEY HAD THEIR OWN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. BY 1930 THE GOVERNMENT CLOSED THEIR NEWSPAPER.
THEIR TRADITIONAL HOUSE IS RAISED ON A FRAMEWORK OF WOODEN POSTS TP PROTECT FROM FLOODS. UNDERNEATH THE PORCH THE WOMEN COULD SLEEP. THE HOUSE IS MADE OF PRECONSTRUCTED FABRIC THAT FITS TOGETHER. THE REAR OF THE HOUSE HAS A PLACE TO CLOTHES. TYPICASLLY THEY SAT ON MATS AND HAD LITTLE FURNITURE. IN LARGER HOUSES THEY HAVE A SEPARATE KITCHEN AND GRANERY.
RICE IS THE STAPLE AT EVERY MEAL. THEY BRING DISHES OF SIDE PLATES, SOUP, AND SALAD. SOME EAT STICKY RICE. FISH IS POPULAR AS ARE CURRIES. SOME FOLKS EAT MEAT. CHINESE MAKE NOODLE DISHES. SWEETS ARE EATEN AS SNACKS. THEY EAT GREEN PAPAYA SALAD. THE WOMEN USED DECORATIVE CARVING OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS. THEY PRODUCE COMMERCIAL ALCOHOLIC DRINKS.
THE LAND HAS A DIVERSIFIED ORIENTED ECONOMY THAT GREW RAPIDLY IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY. TOURISM HAS LED TO IT'S GROWTH. AGRICULTURAL PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO OVER 60 PERCENT OF THE WORKFORCE. 85% ARE BUDDISTS. LARGE ESTATES ARE RARE. ABOUT 90% OF FARMERS OWN LAND. THEIR PRIMARY AGRICULTURE CROPS ARE RICE, TAPIOCA, SUGAR CON AND FRUITS. IN ADULT TO FRESH AND FROZEN AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS. THEY HAVE LARGE FISHING INDUSTRY. THEY ARE ONE OF THE WORLD'S LEADING PRODUCERS OF RUBBER. THE COUNTRY IS A CENTER CUTTING AND SELLING GEMS. IT IS A PLACE FOR TOURISTS DESTINATION. THE U.S. IS A MAJOR SOURCE OF INVESTMENT.
THEY EXPORT COMPUTERS, CIRCUITS, AND OTHER ELECTRICAL GADGETS.
FOLKS FIND THEIR OWN PARTNERS. DURING MARRIAGE THEY GET MANY GIFTS. POLYGYMY WAS COMMON IN THE PAST BUT NOT NOW. THEY ALSO HAVE DIVORCE WITHOUT LAWYERS.
IDEALLY A MARRIED COUPLE HAS THEIR OWN HOUSEHOLD. MANY LIVE WITH THIS KIND OF HUSBAND OR WIFE. IT OFTEN INCLUDES MEMBERS OF THE EXTENDED FAMILY. THIS COULD INCLUDE INCLUDE SISTERS, BROTHERS, WIDOWED, PARENTS, OR DISTANT RELATIVES. THE HUSBAND IS HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, AND THE WIFE HAS SPENDING AUTHORITY. SHE TAKES CARE OF THE CHILDREN. ADULTS ENJOY THEIR CHILDREN. A MOTHER KEEPS HER BABY WITH HER WHEN OUT OF THE HOUSE. KIDS ARE GIVEN FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT. THEY ARE NO LONGER BREAST AFTER TWO TO THREE YEARS. CHILDREN LEARN HOW TO USE IMPLEMENTS THST THEY WILL LATER USE AND SEE ADULTS PERFORMING AGRICULTURE. GIRLS ARE EDUCATED AT HOME UNTIL 1932 WHEN THEY DEVELOPED PUBLIC SCHOOLS. BOYS ATTENDED BUDDHIST MONASTERIES.
THERE WAS AN ECONOMIC CRISIS IN THE LATE 1990'S WITH AN INCREASE IN CHILDREN UNIVERSITIES, TECHNICAL SCHOOLS, AND RELIGIOUS UNIVERSITIES. THE FIRST UNIVERSITY WAS BUILT IN 1916. IN THE 20'S AN ARTS AND CRAFTS SCHOOL WAS BUILT. ALL OF THE UNIVERSITIES ARE IN BANGKOK. BY 1945 THEY BUILT ANOTHER UNIVERSITY. THERE ARE ONLY PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES THAT FOCUS IN BUSINESS AND EDUCATION.
THE THAI AND BUDDISTS FOLLOW A CUSTOM OF NOT TOUCHING A PERSON ON THE HEAD. THEY REMOVE SANDALSWHEN ENTERING A TEMPLE COMPLEX. MONKS ARE NOT TO COME INTO CONTACT WITH WOMEN. YOU SHOULD MEET A PERSON IN PRAYER LIKE GESTURE. MANY LARGE TREES ARE CONSIDERED TO SERVE AS THE HOME OF SPIRITS WITH OFFERINGS.
THEY NO LONGER HAVE A SIGNIFICANT PRODUCER OF NARCOTICS, BUT IS A ROUTE FOR HEROIN. THESE DRUGS ARE AFFECTING THERE SOCIAL PROBLEMS. THEIR TRADITIONAL HEALERS ARE GENERALLY MALE. TRADING IS CONDUCTED BY BOTH SEXES.
KIN GROUPS MAY SHARE DOMESTIC TASKS. THERE ARE A NUMBER OF RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS THAT ARE HELD THROUGHOUT THE THE COUNTRY. THERE ARE LOCAL EVENTS RELATED TO CERTAIN PLACES RELATED TO AND INDIVIDUALS. THE BUDDIST CALENDAR BEGINS IN MID APRIL WHEN BUDDAS ARE WASHED. THE CELEBRATION IS MARKED BY DOUSING PEOPLE WITH WATER. THEY ALSO HAVE FESTIVE BEHAVIOR WITH DANCING, SINGING, AND THEATRE. IT INCLUDES CEREMONIESOF BANYON TREES WHERE BUDDHA SAT. LENT IS A PERIOD OF CEREMONIAL RETREAT. FOR MONKS. THEY HAVE A FEBRUARY CELEBRATION WHERE CANDLES ARE LIT AT TEMPLES. BUDDISTS BELIEVE THAT THOSE WHO DIE ARE REBORN IN A FORM THAT IS APPROPRIATE TO THE AMOUNT OF MERIT THEY ACCUMULATE WHILE ALIVE.
THEY HAVE AIDS EPIDEMIC AND THE GOVERNMENT AND THE GOVERNMENT IS IS DEVOTING RESOURCES TO PROVIDE FOR ASSISTING PATIENTS. IN THE 1990'S THE GOVERNMENT ADOPTEDA POLICY OF SELF RELIANCE THAT INCLUDED ATTENTION TO TRADITIONNAL MEDICINE. MANY HEALERS ARE UNLICENSED.
THERE IS SUPPORT FOR THE ARTS THROUGH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ARTS AND DANCE RUNS PROGRAMS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. THEY HAVE PRIVATE ART GALLERIES, HOUSES, AND AUCTIONS.
THEIR WRITTEN LITERATURE DATES BACK TO 1250 TO 1350 THEY HAVE POETRY FROM THE 15TH CENTURY.
DURING HISTORIC TIMES THERE WERE ROYAL AND COMMON TEXT TRADITIONS. THE MOBILITY IMPORTED TEXTILE FROM CHINA, INDIA, AND PERSIA. PAINTING WAS DONE AS WELL AS WEAVINGS.. THEY HAVE AN ITALIAN BORN SCULPTURE WHO IS THE CENTRAL FIGURE. OF MODERN ART IN THAILAND.
CLASSICAL DANCE DEVELOPED FROM FOLK DANCES AND ELABORATE DANCING. TEACHER TRAINING AND PUBLISHING IN IN SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES ARE WELL DEVELOPED. THE GOVERNMENT HAS PROGRAMSTO ENCOURAGE STUDENTS TO TAKE PHYSICAL SCIENCE.
THAILANDEVERYCULTURE.COM
Wednesday, September 26, 2012
MY RELATIVES ON MY FATHER'S SIDE
WHEN I WAS YOUNG, ABOUT 5, I REMEMBER MY FATHER'S FATHER IN TROY, OHIO. HE LIVED TWO DOORS FROM US. MY MOM COOKED FOR ALL OF THEM. I KNOW HE SMOKED AS THERE WERE MANY PIPES IN THIS OLD HOUSE. I DON'T REMEMBER MY FATHER'S MOM AND PERHAPS SHE DIED EARLIER. IN ANY CASE THEY WERE AT ONE TIME MILIONNAIRES. WE LIVED IN AN OLD HOUSE ON MAIN STREET AND SO DID THEY. MY UNCLE VERNON LIVED IN MY GRANDFATHER'S HOUSE. I THINK MY GRANDFATHER PASSED AWAY BEFORE I WAS EIGHT. I HELPED MY UNCLE CLEAN THE HOUSE. ONCE IN A WHILE. IT HAD A NEAT SECRET SECRET STAIRWAY TO GO UPSTAIRS. MY GRANDFATHER, FATHER AND UNCLE VERNON MANAGED A LARGE COUNTRY WESTERN STORE DOWNTOWN. IT WAS A LARGE TWO STORY BUILDING THAT ORIGINALLY SOLD HORSE SUPPLIES, SADDLES, BRUSHES, AND WESTERN CLOTHIN FOR MEN AND YOUNG WOMEN. THEY SOLD COWBOY AND COWGIRLS OUTFITS AND VARIOUS WESTERN BOOTS, AS WELL AS BRIDLES FOR HORSES AND BRUSHES, ETC. THE SORE SOLD ADULT AND CHILDREN'S NEAT WESTERN CLOTHING TOO. THEY GOT THERE GOODS FROM KANSAS. MY MOM HELPED THEM AS AN ACCOUNTANT AND SECRETERY TO THE STORE. AS CHILDREN BROTHER AND I PLAYED UPSTAIRS. MY MOM ALWAYS THOUGHT THE STORE WAS WAS NOT A GOOD INVESTMENT. THEY ENDED UP GOING BANKRUPT AS PEOPLE GREW OUT OF NEEDING HORSE SUPPLIES.
MY FATHER'S UNCLE AND HIS WIFE , THE CAMPBELL'S, LIVED IN TROY WE SOMETIMES HAD THEM OVER FOR DINNER. I THINK THEY WERE RETIRED AT THE TIME. THEY SOMETIMES CAME OVER TO OUR HOUSE AS THEY ENJOYED PLAYING POOL. THEY HAD AN OLD HOUSE THAT WAS FULL OF ANTIQUES. I BELIEVE THEY MOVED TO CLEVELAND AND Y UNCLE MOVED THERE. I HELPED CLEAN UP HIS HOUSE AS WELL.
MY FATHER'S UNCLE AND HIS WIFE , THE CAMPBELL'S, LIVED IN TROY WE SOMETIMES HAD THEM OVER FOR DINNER. I THINK THEY WERE RETIRED AT THE TIME. THEY SOMETIMES CAME OVER TO OUR HOUSE AS THEY ENJOYED PLAYING POOL. THEY HAD AN OLD HOUSE THAT WAS FULL OF ANTIQUES. I BELIEVE THEY MOVED TO CLEVELAND AND Y UNCLE MOVED THERE. I HELPED CLEAN UP HIS HOUSE AS WELL.
PLAYING TENNIS WITH MY FAMILY
MY HUSBAND AND I HAVE PLAYED TENNIS AND VOLLEYBALL DURING THE YEARS WHEN WE WERE IN COLLEGE AND IN PHOENIX AS WELL AS IN CALIFORNIA. MY PARENTS USED TO PLAY TENNIS AS WELL. I MAY HAVE NEVER GOT THAT GOOD AT IT BUT ENJOYED THE EXERSIZE. IN PHOENIX OUR ASU COLLEGE HAD PLENTY OF COURTS AND WHEN E GOT BORED WE TOOK OUR TENNIS RACKETS AND BIKED TO SCHOOL. WE LIVED VERY CLOSE TO THE COLLEGEIN SOME COMMUNAL HOUSES. SOME OF THESE WERE ONLY $100 DOLLARS FOR RENT.ARIZONA IS PRETTY CHEAP FOR COMPARED TO CALIFORNIA.
WE ALSO PLAYED SOME TENNIS AT THE HIGH SCHOOL ONCE WE MOVED TO HEALDSBURG. WE JUST PLAYED FOR FUNI HAD OUR SON COME PLAY WITH US.WE TRIED TO TEACH HIM HOW TO SERVE THE BALL AND HOW TO HIT THE BALL TO LAND IN THE OPPONENTS COURT. IT WAS JUST FOR FUN, NOT VERY SERIOUS.KEVIN LIKED THE CHALLENGE OF GETTING THE BALL ACROSS THE NET SO WE COULD HIT IT.
WE ALSO PLAYED SOME TENNIS AT THE HIGH SCHOOL ONCE WE MOVED TO HEALDSBURG. WE JUST PLAYED FOR FUNI HAD OUR SON COME PLAY WITH US.WE TRIED TO TEACH HIM HOW TO SERVE THE BALL AND HOW TO HIT THE BALL TO LAND IN THE OPPONENTS COURT. IT WAS JUST FOR FUN, NOT VERY SERIOUS.KEVIN LIKED THE CHALLENGE OF GETTING THE BALL ACROSS THE NET SO WE COULD HIT IT.
GINGERBREAD HOUSES IN CHRISTMAS
I WENT TO A HOME AND TRAIN SHOW WHEN I SAW A LOT OF HOME SETTINGS WITH CHRISTMAS THEMES WITH GINGERBREAD HOUSES. IT REMINDED ME OF MAKING MANY GINGERBREAD HOUSES DURING CHRISTMAS AT SOME PARTIES WITH MY YOUNG SON. THE GINGERBREAD STRUCTURE WAS ALREADY MADE AND MY SON, MY HUSBAND AND I ADDED ALL KINDS OG CANDIES TO IT TO MAKE IT LOOK FESTIVE AND CUTE. THEY HAD A DINNER AND VARIOUS FINGER FOODS FOR US THERE TO SNACK ON.
WHEN WE BROUGHT THE HOUSE HOME , I NOTICED THAT AUNTS ATTACKED THE SUGAR HOUSE! IT NEVER DID LAST LONG AND IT WAS TOO SWEET TO EAT. ANYWAY IT WA AN ARTISTIC WAY TO ENJOY EACH OTHER DURING CHRISTMAS WITH A GROUP OF OTHER FOLKS.
WHEN WE BROUGHT THE HOUSE HOME , I NOTICED THAT AUNTS ATTACKED THE SUGAR HOUSE! IT NEVER DID LAST LONG AND IT WAS TOO SWEET TO EAT. ANYWAY IT WA AN ARTISTIC WAY TO ENJOY EACH OTHER DURING CHRISTMAS WITH A GROUP OF OTHER FOLKS.
BIKE TRIPS
ALL THREE OF US IN THE FAMILY HAVE ALL TERRAIN BIKES WE USED TO TAKE OUR BIKES TO YOSEMITE AS WELL AS OTHER PARKS. WE USED THEM TO ANNADEL STATE PARKS IN SANTA ROSA AS WELL. WE TOOK THEM TO THE SEASIDE ALONG THE SHORE BY MONTERREY. THEY HAVE MILES OF BIKE TRAILS TO ENJOY AND AND MANY PEOPLE RIDE IN SMALL CARRIAGES DRIVEN BY BIKE RIDERS. WE HAVE ALSO TAKEN OUR BIKES TO ANGEL ISLAND WHERE YOU CAN RIDE AROUND THIS ISLAND WITHOUT CARS TO INTERFERE WITH YOUR TRIP.
A NICE PARK WE TOOK OUR BIKES TO RIDE IN SANTA CRUZ IS WILDER RANCH STATE PARK. IT HAS SOME RUGGED EASIER TRAILS ON THE COAST. WE VIEWED THE OLD BUILDINGS AND PEOPLE IN THE FARM BUILDINGS, WELDING TOOLS THEY HAVE A LIVING HISTORY DAY THERE AS WELL. WILDER RANCH STATE PARK IS A SPECIAL PLACE WITH 34 MILES OF WINDING TRAILS ALONG THE COAST. WE VIEWED THE OLD BUILDINGS AND PEOPLE IN LIVING HISTORY COSTUMES AT TIMES. THIS RANCH WAS A PRODUCTIVE DAIRY RANCH WITH AN ADOBE BUILDING. THEY HAVE FARM ANIMALS AND CARETAKERS. CHILDREN ENJOY LOOKNG AT HOW A RANCH IS RUN. THEY HAVE FARM ANIMALS AND OLD TIME CARETAKERS.
WE ALSO TOOK OUR BIKES TO JEDDIDIAH STATE PARK ALONG THE HUMBOLDT COUNTY COASTLINE. IT IS A MODERATE BIKING TRAIL ALONG THE OCEAN. IT WAS FAIRLY PEACEFUL THERE AND GENTLE ROLLING HILLS. THE TRAIL GOES TO OPEN SPACE. SOME OF THE TRAIL IS AONG THE HIGHWAY.
A NICE PARK WE TOOK OUR BIKES TO RIDE IN SANTA CRUZ IS WILDER RANCH STATE PARK. IT HAS SOME RUGGED EASIER TRAILS ON THE COAST. WE VIEWED THE OLD BUILDINGS AND PEOPLE IN THE FARM BUILDINGS, WELDING TOOLS THEY HAVE A LIVING HISTORY DAY THERE AS WELL. WILDER RANCH STATE PARK IS A SPECIAL PLACE WITH 34 MILES OF WINDING TRAILS ALONG THE COAST. WE VIEWED THE OLD BUILDINGS AND PEOPLE IN LIVING HISTORY COSTUMES AT TIMES. THIS RANCH WAS A PRODUCTIVE DAIRY RANCH WITH AN ADOBE BUILDING. THEY HAVE FARM ANIMALS AND CARETAKERS. CHILDREN ENJOY LOOKNG AT HOW A RANCH IS RUN. THEY HAVE FARM ANIMALS AND OLD TIME CARETAKERS.
WE ALSO TOOK OUR BIKES TO JEDDIDIAH STATE PARK ALONG THE HUMBOLDT COUNTY COASTLINE. IT IS A MODERATE BIKING TRAIL ALONG THE OCEAN. IT WAS FAIRLY PEACEFUL THERE AND GENTLE ROLLING HILLS. THE TRAIL GOES TO OPEN SPACE. SOME OF THE TRAIL IS AONG THE HIGHWAY.
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