KIOWA INDIANS

THIS TRIBE WAS CENTERED IN THE UPPER ARKANSAS AND CANADIANS IN COLORADO. THEY HAVE A DISTINCT LINGUISTIC STOCK. THE SPANISH NOTICED THEM AT 1732. THEY MOVED DOWN FROM THE MOUNTAINS AND FORMED AN ALLIANCE FROM THE CROWS. THE SIOUX CLAIMED TO HAVE DRIVEN THEM FROM THE BLACK HILLS. IN 1805 THEY WERE ON THE NORTH PLATTE RIVER AS LEWIS AND CLARK REPORTED. WHEN THE KIOWA REACHED THE ARKANSAS RIVER THEY FOUND THEIR PASSAGEWAY OPPOSED BY COMANCHE. THEY HAD CONSTANT WARS BUT PEACE FINALLY CAME WHEN THEY CROSSED TO THE ARKANSAS RIVER AND FORMED A CONFEDERATION TO THE PRESENT DAY. WITH THE COMANCHE THEY CARRIED ON A CONSTANT WAR WITH THE FRONTIERS OF MEXICO AND TEXAS. THEIR LAST OUTBREAK WAS IN 1874 - 1875. THEIR NUMBERS WERE GREATLY REDUCED BY WAR AND DISEASE. IN 1892 300 DIED FROM MEASLES AND FEVER. TODAY THEIR HEADQUARTERS ARE IN CARNEGIE, OKLAHOMA. THEIR ANCIENT NAMES WERE 'KWI-DA' AND 'TEPDA' THAT RELATES TO A MYTH OF COMING OUT OF A HOLLOW LOG UNTIL A PREGNANT WOMAN GOT STUCK! THEY WERE HUNTERS AND GATHERERS AND TRADED WITH SEDENTARY GROUPS WHO GREW CROPS. THEY MIGRATED WITH THE BISON AS IT WAS THEIR MAIN FOOD ALONG WITH BERRIES AND WILD FRUITS. THE HORSE REVOLUTIONIZED THEIR ECONOMY, AND THEY BECAME A WARRIOR NATION. THEY HAD ANNUAL SUNDANCE GATHERINGS. YOUNG WOMEN GAINED PRESTIGE THROUGH HUSBANDS. THE WOMEN GAINED PRESTIGE THROUGH THROUGH HUSBANDS. THE WOMEN TANNED SKINS, SEWED, AND QUILTED, AND MADE BEADED AND PAINTED HIDES. IN 1867 THE ARMY MOVED THEM TO A IN THE SOUTHWEST OKLAHOMA. THIS LASTED TILL 1906. THIS RESTRICTION WAS DIFFICULT FOR SOME MEMBERS. IN 1877 THE GOVERNMENT BUILT THE FIRST HOMES FOR THEIR CHIEFS AND EMPLOYED 30 KIOWA TO FORM Q POLICE FORCE. BY 2000 4,000 OF THE 12,000 KIOWA LIVED THROUGHOUT THE U.S. ACCESS-GENEOLOGY WIKIPEDIA.ORG