CHAMASOCO INDIANS IN PARAGUAY

THEIR NAME XAMACOCO WAS USED IN THE 1700'S. THEIR NAME XAMACOCO WAS USED IN THE 1970'S. THEIR ANCESTORS ARE UNKNOWN. THEY PREFER TO BE CALLED ISHIR. THE NORTHEAST CHACO BOREAL, AN ARID ZONE. THEY WENT TO RIO PARAGUAY RIVER.. THEY THEY SPEAK ZAMUCO LANGUAGE. AS A CONSEQUENCE POLITICAL HOSTILITY, FOUR DIALECTS WERE SPOKEN. IN 1970 ABOUT 800 PERSONS WERE IN THIS TRIBE. IN THE 1930'S THE POSSIBILITY HAD ABOUT 2000 FOLKS.

IN ECONOMIC TERMS THEY ARE PRIMITIVE HUNTERS AND GATHERERS, SIMILAR TO THE GE OF EASTERN BRAZIL. BY 1900'S THE EUROPEANS CAME HERE! THEY WAGED WAR WITH NEIGHBORS TO CAPTURE SLAVES AND THEY ACCEPTED HIERARCHICAL STRATIFICATION. THE ANGLOS PUT THEM TO WORK IN THE LUMBER INDUSTRY. IN 1955 THE NORTHWEST TRIBES MISSION ENDED THE BOGS INITIATION.

PRIOR TO ANGLOS THE TEMPERATURE CAMPS OR AIHYUT, OF SINGLE FAMILY OR MULTIPLE FAMILY. THE DUT WAS FOR 50 OR 60 PEOPLE. AND A DIET WAS BUILT FOR 500 PEOPLE. THEY BUILT HUTS OF STRAW MATS IN A CIRCLE AROUND A PLAZA.

THE NEW TRIBES ADOPTED A RECTANGULAR VILLAGE PLAN WITH STREETS AT RIGHT ANGLES. THEY HAD SADDLE ROOFS WITH PALM STEMS.

THEY WERE HUNTERS AND GATHERERS PRIMARY THEY CAUGHT EELS AND OTHER FISH. THEY HAD VERY STRICT RULES RE THEIR CONSUMPTION AND QUALITY OF THEIR FOODS DEPENDING UPON SEX AND AGE. TABOOS WERE PRESENT. MANY CHAMACOCO ARE NEW FARMERS AND BREED DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND LIVESTOCK. THEY MAKE THEIR FOR THE TOURIST TRADE. THEY BARTER SOME FOOD AND BUY SOME THINGS FOR WELFARE WELFARE ORIENTATION AGENCIES. THEY MAKE PRIMITIVE POTTERY AND GATHER STICKS AND WOODS. BAGS ARE MADE OF LEATHER. THEY MAKE BEAUTIFUL RITUAL ADORNMENTS OF BIRD FEATHERS. WOMEN WERE GATHERERS AND COLLECTED TURTLES! THEY PROCESSED BROMELIA FIBER INTO CLOTH. THEY MAKE CRAFTS. MEN WERE HUNTERS AND DID THE FARMING.

THEIR SUBGROUPS HAVE CHIEFS AND THEY HAVE FREQUENT WARS. TODAY THEY OWN SMALL RESERVES. ONE RESERVE IS 21,000 HA. EVERY NATURAL AND CULTURAL PHENOMENA HAS ITS OWN MEANING EXPLAINING A SPECIAL TRUTH OR PARALLEL MYTHS THE GENERAL SCHEME OF THE TALES CONSISTS OF TRANSFORMATION OF AN ANCESTOR F HUMAN. THEIR ORIGIN MYTHS HAVE A FIXED STRUCTURE OF EPISODES FOLLOWED BY 1 OR SEVERAL THERAPY SONGS.

MYTHS AND SONGS HAVE A A DAMAGING EFFECT IF USED OUTSIDE THERE CENTER OF AN ILLNESS. THE AYOREO WORLD IS OMNIPRESENT AND HAS AN ESSESSENTIALLY NEGATIVE CHARACTER. THERE IS A FEAR OF MALEVOLENT POWER OF THE TRIBE BASED ON CURSED. THEIR SHAMAN PRACTICES THE THERAPY MYTHS. THEY HAVE RITUALSTO PROPITIATE RAIN AND PERFORM RITES. THEIR SOLE CEREMONY IS RELATED TO THEIR ANNUAL CYCLE.

THEY MAKE FEW ARTS. THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES ARE CARRIED OUT BY THE ORDINARY INDIVIDUAL. THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES ARE CARRIED OUT BY DAIHSNAI. CURING IS DONE THROUGH CHANTS SONGS THAT CURE ILLNESS.IF THEY ARE SUFFERING FROM EATING SOMETHING THE SHAMAN OR SINGER IS AN INTERMEDIARY.

THEY BELIEVE WHEN SOMEONE IS DEAD THEY GO ON A VOYAGE TO THE UNDERWORLD. THE SOUL IS RECEIVED BY A DECEASED MEMBER OF HIS EXTENDED FAMILY. USUALLY THIS IS A GOOD REUNION.

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