THESE INDIANS ARE A SIOUAN PEOPLE WHO ARE PART OF HIRAACH BAND. ACCORDING TO TRIBAL PEOPLE THIS WORD MEANS WILLOW. THEIR LANGUAGE IS RELATED TO MODERN CROW IN MONTANA. IN THE EARLY 1800'S THERE WERE THREE GROUPS THAT CAME TOGETHER AFTER SETTLING ON THE MISSOURI RIVER.
THEY HAVE A CREATION TRADITION THAT DESCRIBES THEIR EMERGENCE FROM THE EARTH, AT DEVIL'S LAKE. LATER THEY MOVED WESTWARD TO PAINTED WOODS AND HAD A VILLAGE AT AWATIXA. THEIR FIRST PEOPLE LIVED NEAR PAINTED WOODS. WHERE THEY WERE CREATED. THE HIDATSU ORIGINALLY LIVED IN MINIWAKEN, THE DEVILS LAKE OF NORTH DAKOTA. THEY MIGRATED WEST. THE HIDATSU CAME ACROSS THE MANDAN AT THE MOUTH OF HEART RIVER. THE HIDATSU AND MANDAN SOCIETIES FORMED AN ALLIANCE AND SETTLED NEAR HEART RIVER. ARTIST GEORGE CATLIN VISITED THEM SEVERAL MONTHS IN 1832 AND PAINTED PICTURES OF THEIR SOCIETIES. THEY HAD A SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC IN 1837-1838 THAT REDUCED THEM TO 500 PEOPLE . AFTER 1862 THEY JOINED THE ARIKARA.
THE HIDATSU ARE MATRILINEAL AND INTERMARRIED WITH THE MANDAN. EXTENSIVE ETHNOGRAPHIC WORK WAS CARRIED OUT BY GILBERT WILSON WITH AN ELDERLY WOMAN. THE ARIKAWA RURAL HISTORY IS TAKEN FROM SACRED BUNDLES AS VERIFIED BY ARCHAEOLOGISTS. THEIR CEREMONIES WERE PART OF THIS. THE HISTORY HAS ROOTS IN NEBRASKA. WHERE MANY VILLAGES WERE FOUND. "CHIEF ABOVE" BROUGHT THESE GROUPS TOGETHER IN A UNION FOR PROTECTION AGAINST WAITING TRIBES. ARCHAEOLOGISTS CONFIRM THEIR DRAWING TOGETHER ON THE ELKHORN RIVER IN WHAT IS NOW CALLED OMAHA, NEBRASKA. IN 1738 A FRENCH FUR TRADER FROM MONTREAL REPORTED VILLAGES OF THEIRS ON THE CANNONBALL RIVER. JEAN TRUDEAU WAS THE FIRST FUR TRADER TO LIVE WITH THE SAHNISH FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME.
CHIEF ABOVE DIRECTED THEIR PURPOSEFUL MOVEMENTS AS LEWIS AND CLARK ENCOUNTERED THE SAHNISH PEOPLE IN 1804. THERE WERE 300 PEOPLE. THEY LOST ALMOST HALF OF THEIR POPULATION BY SMALLPOX. IN 1862 THEY JOINED THE MANDAN AND HIDATSU.
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