TH3E TERENA LIVE IN THE NORTHEAST PARAGUAY . AT PRESENT THE TERENA ARE LOCATED ALMOST ENTIRELY IN CITIES OF MIRANDA AND AQUIDANA IN THE BRAZIL. THEY LIVE IN A TROPICAL FOREST. THE TERENA ARE SOME KIND OF BRAZILIANS WHO HAVE INCREASED THEIR POPULATION. IN 1840'S ABOUT 3800 MIGRATED INTO BRAZILIAN TERRITORY AND THEY HAD ABOUT 300O FOLKS. BY MID 1800'S THEIR VILLAGE WAS 12,000. UNTIL THE 1950'S THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES WERE TUBERCULOSIS WHICH CAUSED DEATH. TODAY THEY HAVE CHRONIC DEGENERATIVE CAUSES. THEIR CHILDREN HAVE RESPIRATORY DISEASES. THEY SPEAK ARAWAK.
THEY PRIMARILY CULTIVATE AND MAINTAIN A VASSALAGE OF RELATION WITH PARGUAYAN CHACO. THEY GAVE THEM FOOD AND TEXTILES AND RECEIVED KNIVES, AXES AND PROTECTION. THEY HAD CONFLICTS WITH COLONIAL POWERS,AND THE GUANA MIGRATED TO BRAZILIAN TERRITORY. TWO OF THEIR SUBGROUPS DISAPPEARRED. THE KINKINAW WERE GROWING CROPS IN CHACO 0R SELLING FOOD AND TEXTILES TO NON INDIANS. IN 1860'S THE TERENA FOUGHT WITH BRAZILIAN TROOPS AGAINST PARAGUAY. THE TERENA VILLAGES LAY IN RUINS AND POPULATION WAS DISPERSED TO THE REGION'S FARMS. THEY WORKED UNDER QUASI SLAVERY CONDITIONS. IN THE 20TH CENTURY THEY GOT ON RESERVATIONS SO THEY COULD REGROUP AGAIN.
THEY GREW MANY DIFFERENT CROPS AND RAISED POULTRY. CATTLE AND HORSES WERE RAISED. FOOD GATHERING WAS DONE ON A REGULAR BASIS WAS DONE ON A REGULAR BASIS. MANY MEN WORK ON ALCOHOL MILLS FOR PERIODS FOR PERIODS OF UP TO 89 DAYS/ THEY LIVE AWAY FROM THE VILLAGE.
THEY MAKE POTTERY, BASKETS, WEAVINGS AND THEY SPIN COTTON FOR HAMMOCKS AND BELTS. THEY MAKE CERAMIC KITCHEN UTENSILS. THEY HAVE SOME GOLD CRAFTERS.
THEY TRADE MUCH OF THEIR PRODUCE WITH NEIGHBORS. THEIR LAND WAS USED IN THREE WAYS...INDIVIDUAL FAMILY AND COLLECTIVE FARMING. THEIR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS TEND TO BE FOR CASH FARMING THAT ARE ORIENTED TOWARD SUBSISTENCE FARMING.
THEIR RELIGION WAS ORIENTED TO SHAMANISM. ACCORDING TO THEIR CONCEPTION OF OTHER WORLD, ALL HUMANS, ANIMALS AND PLANT BEINGS POSSESS A SOUL THAT SURVIVES AFTER DEATH. NATURAL SOURCES INHABIT THE SYMBOLICAL UNIVERSE OF THE TERENA. AN IMPORTANT MYTH IS THAT OF YIRIKOYUVAKAI, THE CIVILIZING TWIN HERO. THEY GAVE THE TERENA THEIR TOOLS. IT IS THIS MYTH THAT JUSTIFIES THE DIVISION. IT IS THIS MYTH THAT JUSTIFIES THE DIVISION IN CEREMONIAL HALVES.
THE SHAMAN WAS THE MAIN FIGURE IN ACTIVITIES CONNECTED WITH THE SUPERNATURAL WORLD. A PERSON BECAME A SHAMAN AFTER A REVELATION OR AFTER BEING SELECTED BY KIN. SOME SHAMANS COMBINE TRADITIONAL ELEMENTS WITH CHRISTIANITY.
THEY HAVE A GREAT FEAST OF TERENA WHICH INCLUDES BOTH SACRED AS WELL AS PROFANE RITUALS. THE CEREMONYBEGAN WITH RITUALS AND INCLUDED GAMES. IT IS HELD IN ONLY A FEW VILLAGES TODAY.
EVERYCULTURE.COM
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