HOW TO MAKE PINOLE

IN ORDER TO MAKE PINOLE THEY USED MANY GRASS SEEDS, SUNFLOWERS AND OTHER SEEDS.  THEY COLLECTED BLACK GRAINS OR TARWEED SEEDS.  THE COAST MIWOK MADE  SWEET GOOD PINOLE FROM O'WAH OR YELLOW TARWEED. ANOTHER FAMILY WAS COLLECTED IN PREHISTORIC TIMES IN SOUTH AMERICA AS WELL.  IT'S LIKELY THIS WEED ORIGINATED IN NORTH AMERICA.  THE NUTRITIOUS SEED IS IMPORTANT FOR POMO PINOLE.  PINOLE IS A NATIVE AMERICAN WORDFOR A KIND OF FLOUR MADE FROM VARIOUS SEEDS OF MAIZE , CHIA, AND VARIOUS OTHER  GRASSES AND HERBS.  THERE IS A THRIVING CITY ON SAN PABLO BAY KNOWN AS PINOLE.  PINOLE WAS ALSO USED BY AZTECS FOR A GUEL.  THEY MADE OF VARIOUS TOASTED SEEDS.  THE SEEDS ARE PLACED IN LARGE BASKETS IN LARGE BASKETS  BY SMALL HEATED STONES.  THEY SHAKE THE BASKET THAT REMOVES THE SHAFT FROM THE SEED. MAKES THE SEED MORE FLAVORFUL.  THE SEEDS COULD BE EATEN BY HAND OR GROUND WITH A METATE AND GRINDING SLICKS AND THE REMAINING FLOUR COULD BE MOISTENED AND EATEN WITH THE FINGERS OR FORMED INTO A BALL, OR BAKED IN BREAD.  FOR THE POMO THERE WERE MANY DIFFERENT  TYPES OF PINOLE SEEDS.

KAT ANDERSON - TENDING THE WILD
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V. K. CHESTNUT - PLANTS OF MENDOCINO COUNTY