THIS TRIBE IS ONE OF TWO FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED TRIBES. THE OTHER IS IOWA TRIBE OF KANSAS AND NEBRASKA. TRADITIONALLY IOWAS SPOKE CHIWERE, PART OF THE SOUIAN LANGUAGE. THE NAME FOR THEIR TRIBE IS BAHKHOLE, OR GREY SNOW FOR THEIR WINTER LODGES.. THE IOWA TRIBE ORIGINATED IN THE LAKES. ALONG WITH THE HO CHUNCK THEY ARE THOUGHT TO BE A SINGLE TRIBE. IN THE 1500'S THE IOWA, OTOE, AND MISSOURI, BROKE AWAY FROM THE TRIBE AND MOVED SOUTH AND WEST. IN 1676 THEY FIRST MET EUROPEANS IN GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN.
TRADITIONALLY THEIR SOCIETY HAD TWO MOIETIES, THE BUFFALO AND BEAR CLAWS, WHO WOULD GOVERN TRIBE ON A SEMIANNUAL BASIS. ONCE THE EUROPEANS WERE HERE THE IOWA MOVED TO EASTERN IOWA AND MISSOURI. IN 1839 THEY CEDED THEIR LANDS AND MOVED TO IOWA RESERVATION ON THE KANSAS - NEBRASKA BORDER. IN 1883 THEY WERE GIVEN LANDS ON THE SACRAMENTO AND FOX RESERVATION. INDIVIDUAL LAND WAS GIVEN TO 109 TRIBAL MEMBERS.
TODAY THE TRIBE IS HEADQUARTERED IN PERKINS, OKLAHOMA. AND THEIR TRIBAL PEOPLE ARE THROUGHOUT OKLAHOMA. THEY HAVE 570 ENROLLED MEMBERS, PLUS 413 IN THE STATE. THEY OPERATE A RESORT, A CASINO, A SMOKE SHOP. AND A NEWSPAPER. THEY OWN A SOLUTIONS COMPANY FOR TRUCKING, CONSTRUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL, ARCHAEOLOGY, AND ENERGY CONSULTING. THEY HAVE THEIR OWN CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE. THEY HAVE A GALLERY FOR THEIR ARTISTS AND NEIGHBORING TRIBES.IT IS IN PERKINS. SINCE 1985 THEY HOLD AN ANNUAL POWWOW IN JUNE. ABOUT 30 PEOPLE STILL SPEAK CHINESE LANGUAGE. THEY ARE ARCHIVING THEIR LANGUAGE USING RECORDINGS OF THEIR ELDERS .
THEIR UNIQUE SERVICE IS THE BAHKHO JE XIA CHIA OR GREY SNOW EAGLE HOUSE BUILT IN 2006. IT REHABILITATES INJURED EAGLES THAT CAN'T BE RELEASED BACK INTO THE WILD. IT MEETS U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICES. IT IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AND THEY HAVE VISITORS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD. THEIR MOLTED FEATHERS ARE COLLECTED TO USE FOR CEREMONIAL USE.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
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