THESE FOLKS LIVE IN WISCONSIN AND ILLINOIS. THERE ARE TWO FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED HO CHUNK - HO CHUNK OF WISCONSIN AND WINNEBAGO OF NEBRASKA. WINNEBAGO MEANS PEOPLE OF THE STINKING WATER. PERHAPS THEY WERE REFERRING TO THE STAGNANT WATERS OF THE GREEN BAY. THEIR ORIGIN IS BELIEVED TO BE FROM THE SALT WATER SEAS TO THE NORTH. HO CHUNK TRANSLATES AS FISH EATERS. JEAN NICOLET WAS THE FIRST TO CONTACT THEM IN 1634. THEY PRACTICED CORN AGRICULTURE AND HUNTING. THEY FISHED ON THE GREEN BAY. THEIR ELDERS SUGGEST THEIR PREHISTORY IS CONNECTED TO MOUND BUILDERS OF THE REGION. HO CHUNKS SPEAK OF THEIR HOMELAND AS INCLUDING WISCONSIN, MINNESOTA, AND IOWA.
JEAN NICOLET REPORTED 5 WARRIORS ENTERTAINED HIM AND ESTABLISHED THEIR POPULATION OF 8 - 20,000 IN 1634. BETWEEN THIS AND THE TIME OF THE RETURN OF FUR TRAPPERS IN THE LATE IN THE 1650'S THE POPULATION WAS REDUCED DRASTICALLY. THEY LOST THEIR DOMINANCE AS NUMEROUS ALGONQUIN TRIBES MOVED IN. THREE REASONS FOR POPULATION DECLINE :1) SEVERAL HUNDRED WARRIORS, 2) THEY BATTLED AGAINST SAUK, 3) THEY SUFFERED FROM A DISEASE SUCH AS SMALLPOX.
THERE WAS A SERIES OF MOVES THE GOVERNMENT IN THE 1800'S MADE. THE WINNEBAGOS MOVED TO WISCONSIN, MINNESOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND NEBRASKA. MANY FOLKS RETURNED TO THE PREVIOUS HOMES. THE GOVERNMENT FINALLY ALLOWED THE WISCONSIN WINNEBAGO TO HOMESTEAD. THE HO CHUNKS ARE HEAD IN BLACK RIVER FALLS, WISCONSIN. THEY HAVE 6000 MEMBERS IN 2001. THEY OWN 4600 ACRES IN WISCONSIN. AND MINNESOTA. THEY HAVE BUILT MANY CASINOS.
THEY HAVE A RESERVATION IN NORTHEAST NEBRASKA. THEIR LARGEST RESERVATION IS IN THE VILLAGE OF WINNEBAGO IN EMERSON, NEBRASKA.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
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